粮食中麦角甾醇含量正相液相色谱法检测

介绍了一种可准确、快速测定粮食中麦角甾醇含量的液相色谱方法.样品皂化后,用正己烷萃取麦角甾醇,不需要进一步纯化,直接上液相色谱分析.分析柱为Spherisorb硅胶柱,检测波长282 nm.方法的检出限为0.1 mg/kg,方法的回收率在95.1%～100.0%.分析的准确度评价采用微量制备技术和反相液相色谱分离技术,证明了该方法分析的结果准确可靠.     

基于AHP法的粮食仓储企业安全评价研究

粮食安全问题是关系国计民生的重大问题,是国家稳定和发展的基础,粮食储备则是保证粮食安全的必要手段。近年来粮食仓储企业在规范化管理方面进行了有益探索,取得了明显效果,但在仓储管理方面仍存在着明显的薄弱环节,直接影响着库存粮食的数量、质量和安全。通过探讨粮食仓储企业的安全评价结构因素,应用层次分析法对影响安全管理的因素进行量化模型计算,并对影响因素进行权重排序,用实例说明如何进行粮食仓储企业的风险目标管理和安全评价。     

粮食仓储行业HACCP研究应用

我国是一个人口大国,而粮食是我国人民的主食,也是食品加工的重要原料,其储藏质量安全是食物营养链安全必不可少的一环.随着人民生活质量的提高,粮食的质量品质和食品安全等问题也逐步成为人民关注的焦点.随着四项储粮新技术在我国仓储行业的推广应用,我国的粮食储藏技术也上了一个新的台阶.然而,对于粮食的危害分析与质量控制却相对薄弱,缺乏对相应的关键控制点的研究,不能适应现代储粮技术与食物营养安全的可持续发展.为此,有必要在基于现代储粮技术与食物安全相结合的基础上,引入HACCP体系,对粮食在收获后的每一环节(入仓、储藏、出仓)进行全程危害分析与质量监控,建立一整套适用于我国粮食储藏环节的质量安全控制管理体系.     

稻谷储藏安全水分研究

以麦角甾醇为参考指标,分析了在不同温度下籼稻和粳稻中的不同水分对其储藏过程中真菌生长的影响.确定了实验室条件下籼稻安全储存水分为13.5％,粳稻安全储存水分为14.0％;确定了稻谷安全水分曲线,可作为偏高水分稻谷短期安全储存指导.     

影响脂肪酸值测定因素探讨

众所周知，脂肪酸值的大小及变化是反映粮食品质好坏的一个重要指标。准确测定粮食脂肪酸值，可为准确评价粮食质量提供重要依据。然而，由于种种原因，脂肪酸值测定的准确性一直困扰着广大粮食分析工作者。为此，我们通过近两年的研究，对影响脂肪酸值测定的可能因素进行了探讨，在这里与大家交流。     

浅析国家粮食质量安全存在的隐患与对策

分析了目前我国粮食质量安全存在的隐患及原因，提出了提高我国粮食质量安全水平的应对措施。     

建设广东省粮食质量安全监测体系若干问题的研究

以目前广东省粮食质量安全问题、粮食流通和产业发展现状为切入点,在广泛查阅国内外相关文献资料,深入调研的基础上,开展广东省粮食质量安全现状分析、监测预警网络缺失分析和国外借鉴研究,分析和研究粮食质量安全监测预警的长效机制和支撑体系建设问题。     

以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导不断提升粮食质量安全保障能力

以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,全面落实党的十九大提出的一系列新战略、新部署,采取有效措施,更均衡、更充分、更高标准、更高水平地保障粮食质量安全。中储粮集团公司长期以来一直秉持"稳中求进,改革创新"的总基调,粮食质量安全保障能力不断得到提升。本文结合中储粮实际,就粮食质量安全意义、实践及其发展趋势进行探讨。     

粮食质量调查和品质测报工作探讨

粮食收获质量调查是指对当年收获粮食一般质量等级状况的评价;粮食质量品质测报是指对各地推广种植的优质或优良粮食品种内在品质状况的综合评价。粮食质量调查和品质测报工作对于我国粮食种植结构调整,政府制定粮食收购政策,服务于“三农”,促进优质专用粮食的产销衔接,具有十分重要的指导意义。     

粮食干燥品质质量AHP综合评价

运用层次分析法对粮食干燥进行评价,并提出全面的定量化和定性化的层次结构评价模式和总体评价方法.首先,建立粮食干燥品质优选的层次分析结构模型及判断矩阵,然后进行层次排序,并对判断矩阵进行一致性检验,在定性、定量指标转换的基础上形成评价方法.生产试验证明该方法简易可行,结论符合实际.     

Inheritance of resistance to head bugs and its interaction with grain molds in Sorghum bicolor

Sorghum head bug, Calocoris angustatus Lethiery is one of the most important pests of grain sorghum in India. Head bug damage increases the severity of grain molds, which renders the grain unfit for human consumption. Therefore, we studied the gene action for resistance to head bugs and grain molds in a diverse array of male-sterile lines and testers in a line × tester mating design under natural infestation. Mean squares for parents, parents vs crosses, lines, testers, and lines × testers were significant for head bug damage and grain mold severity. General combining ability (GCA) effects were significant and negative for ICSA 88019 for head bug damage, and ICSA 88019 and ICSA 88020 for grain molds (except for ICSA 88020 in 1993). General combining ability effects were positive for ICSA 42 and 296 A. GCA effects of lines and testers for head bug damage and grain mold severity were in the same direction (+ve or −ve). Head bug damage in the grain was significantly correlated with grain mold severity. Testers IS 8891, IS 15107, and TAM 2566 (with colored grain and less susceptibility to molds) produced mold-resistant hybrids in combination with all the male-sterile lines, while the reverse was true in the case of Swarna and ICSV 112. Resistance to head bugs showed dominance to partial dominance type of gene action, while in the case of grain molds, it showed dominance to over dominance. Resistance to these pests is governed by both additive and nonadditive types of gene action. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to need for crop improvement in sorghum. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

川渝地区偏高水分稻谷和小麦实仓安全储藏预警技术研究

研究了川渝主要储粮区(中温高湿区)偏高水分稻谷和小麦的实仓安全储藏预警技术。实仓试验结果表明,在常规储粮条件下,稻谷和小麦中早期储藏危害真菌的生长均明显受到水分、初始带菌量和温度等因素的影响,小麦的耐藏性和储藏安全性明显优于稻谷。早期储藏危害真菌的数量变化可以作为监控即时粮情的重要参考指标,其良好的预警作用(高灵敏性和及时性)对粮食安全储藏具有十分重要的意义。     

高水分高粱就仓干燥通风试验

对普通房式仓储藏的高水分高粱（入库平均水分16.4%）进行就仓通风试验,合理布置风网、选取有利的通风时机和正确的通风方式,能够简单有效地对高水分高粱进行就仓干燥降水处理,有效抑制了虫、霉的发生,还能减轻劳动强度,节约翻倒作业和烘干晾晒费用,保证粮食品质,并能最大程度的节约成本。     

储粮真菌危害早期检测技术初步探索

从真菌代谢物和真菌自身成分方面对粮食真菌生长进行了研究。研究显示,粮堆水分增高会促进CO2大量产生,同时导致粮堆极易霉变,揭示了CO2对储粮真菌危害预警的机理所在。另外,麦角甾醇能敏感指示储粮真菌的生长,乙醇的浓度变化与真菌生长有一定的相关性,其它特征性挥发物主要是3-甲基-1-丁醇、异丁醇、2-甲基-1-丁醇、3-羟基-1-辛烯和辛醇;霉菌总数检测太慢,不宜做预警指标。     

臭氧防霉、杀虫和去毒效果的探讨

用臭氧机产生臭氧，进行高水分粮的防霉试验、几种主要储粮害虫的防治试验以及油脂的去毒试验。结果表明：较低浓度的臭氧对水分为16．6％和17．7％的玉米，15．5％和16．6％的稻谷，15．6%的糙米有显著的防霉效果；对玉米象、谷蠹的成虫有良好的杀灭作用；对油脂中的黄曲霉毒素B1有较好的降解功能。     

臭氧储粮灭菌杀虫技术研究

利用绿色熏蒸剂臭氧(O3)对玉米、小麦进行灭杀菌虫处理，试验结果表明臭氧具有明显的灭菌、杀虫效果和一定的除异味作用，对储粮和环境无污染，粮食品质基本无影响，值得在仓储行业中推广。     

Correlations among Fusarium culmorum head blight resistance, fungal colonization and mycotoxin contents in winter rye

Fusarium culmorum head blight infections may lead to accumulation of toxic metabolites in winter rye grain. To estimate the correlation between resistance traits, fungal colonization and accumulation of deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-AcDON) and zea-ralenone (ZEA), 27 winter rye single-cross hybrids were artificially inoculated in 1992 and 1993. Resistance traits were head blight rating and grain weight of the inoculated relative to the non-inoculated plots. Fungal colonization was determined by the analysis of ergosterol (ERG) content in the grain. Head blight rating and relative grain yield showed a medium to high disease severity and ERG indicated a considerable fungal colonization of the kernels with a mean of 85 mg/kg in 1992 and 66 mg/kg in 1993. DON content among genotypes ranged from 0.7–28 mg/kg in 1992 and from 11 to 35 mg/kg in 1993. 3-AcDON and ZEA contents were low in both years with overall means of 1.1 and 0.09 mg/kg, respectively. Across both years, considerable genotypic variation was found for head blight rating, relative grain weight, and ERG content with medium to high heritabilities (0.6–0.7). For the mycotoxin contents, however, genotype-year interaction variance was the most important source of variation. The correlations between relative grain weight and DON, 3-AcDON, or ZEA were low in 1992 (r ～ 0.3), but considerably higher in 1993 (r ～ 0.7, P = 0.01). In contrast, correlation between relative grain weight and ERG was significant in both years (r ～ 0.5, P = 0.01). In F. culmorum head blight infections, DON, 3-AcDON and ZEA contents appear to be affected, at least partially, by different environmental factors than resistance traits and fungal colonization.     

隔温式房式仓储粮技术的应用探讨

对隔温式密闭房式仓储粮性能进行研究。结果表明，隔温式密闭房式仓具有良好的降氧、而高温性能，可以延缓储粮品质陈化，防虫、防霉、防鼠，适合于各种粮食储藏。     

Grain mould resistance and associated characters of sorghum genotypes

Twenty-two sorghum genotypes were evaluated for grain mould response, 13 morphological and biochemical traits thought to contribute to resistance, and 3 agronomic traits related to utilization. Measurements of grain mould (field grade score, threshed grade score, ergosterol content, and percentage germination) were strongly correlated with one another. Highly significant correlations between measures of grain mould and seed hardness, seed phenol content in acid methanol extract, and glume colour indicated that they strongly affected grain mould response. Harder grain, higher levels of seed phenols, and darker glumes contributed to grain mould resistance. Weaker and less consistent correlations between measures of grain mould and seed colour, seed flavan-4-ol content, glume phenol and flavan-4-ol contents, and glume cover indicated relatively less effect of these traits on grain mould response. Genotype means indicated that combinations of several traits are required to achieve resistance. Germplasm lines, including coloured-seeded lines IS 14375, IS 14387, IS 18144, and IS 18528, and white-seeded lines IS 21443, IS 24495 and IS 25017, showed greatest grain mould resistance. Improved lines generally had poorer grain mould resistance than these landraces. However, the best improved lines were comparable in resistance to white-seeded landraces. B58586, IS 14375 and IS 14387 are hard-seeded guinea sorghum lines that can be used as sources of grain mould resistance for West Africa. SP 33316, SP 33349 and GM 15018 are agronomically elite lines that can be used as sources of grain mould resistance for further improvement of white-seeded sorghum for South Asia and other regions. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

泡沫板隔热控温与储粮品质变化关系试验

为了解决仓房隔热性能不好的问题,进行了泡沫板隔热控温试验,结果表明,该技术可改变储粮生态,抑制虫霉生长,延缓粮食品质陈化.