BTV核酸检测能力验证样品制备及其应用评价

为了解国内蓝舌病病毒(bluetongue virus,BTV)核酸检测的整体水平,督促实验室保持和提高BTV核酸检测的能力,设计和实施了"CNCA-15-A02《蓝舌病病毒核酸检测》能力验证计划"。本次能力验证制备了BTV阴性,强阳性和弱阳性样品。无菌采集健康山羊抗凝血加少量TRIzol后制备阴性样品;将BTV1型细胞培养物通过TRIzol处理灭活病毒后,用阴性样品做适当稀释制备了BTV强阳性和弱阳性样品;均匀性和稳定性检验证实样品均达到中国合格评定国家认可委员会对能力验证样品的要求。将能力验证样品编号后通过快递的方式下发给参试实验室,共有21个省、市的31实验室参加了本次能力验证活动,其中1家实验室选用了套式RT-PCR进行检测,其余30家均选用荧光RT-PCR方法,报送结果经比对验证均为满意,满意率达100%。本次能力验证对提升我国BTV的检测水平和评估各级实验室检测能力具有重要意义,为我国蓝舌病的诊断和防控工作提供技术保障。     

西藏环状病毒RT-PCR检测方法的建立

建立西藏环状病毒(Tibet orbivirus, TIBOV)RT-PCR诊断方法。根据云南省新分离到的TIBOV Seg-7片段序列设计1套巢式引物为120S7F1/R1、120S7F2/R2。以TIBOV DH13C120株病毒核酸为模板,优化反应条件,建立巢式RT-PCR检测方法,并对云南省新分离的9株TIBOV进行核酸检测。分别采用外引物(120S7F1/R1)和内引物(120S7F2/R2)对TIBOV DH13C120株进行RT-PCR扩增,退火温度分别为52℃和54℃,外引物扩增出片段大小为1 050 bp条带;内引物扩增出的片段大小为500bp,扩增条带大小与设计预期相一致。而蓝舌病毒(BTV)JCC12-7株和阴性对照两轮扩增均为阴性,采用该方法对云南省新分离的9株TIBOV、2株BTV和1株鹿流行性出血热病毒(EHDV)进行检测,9株TIBOV扩增均为阳性,而BTV、EHDV和阴性对照均为阴性。建立了TIBOV巢式RT-PCR检测方法,该方法可用于云南省目前动物或媒介中流行的TIBOV核酸检测。     

进境蓝舌病抗体阳性动物带毒分析及检疫处理研究

为评估进口蓝舌病病毒(BTV)抗体阳性动物的感染状态,分析其带毒风险,对从国外进口的9批19714头动物,无菌采集全血分离血清,采用竞争ELISA方法检测BTV抗体。对BTV抗体检测阳性的动物,采集抗凝血,采用OIE推荐的套式RT-PCR和荧光RT-PCR方法进行检测,同时将样品送往蓝舌病参考实验室进行病毒分离鉴定,以确定动物的蓝舌病感染状态。结果 9批动物中检出28头BTV抗体阳性动物,但核酸检测和病毒分离鉴定的结果均表明这些BTV抗体阳性动物并不携带有非感染性和感染性病毒粒子。结合9个批次的进口动物并无明显临床表现,且进口动物来源地也无蓝舌病(BT)的疫情发生,据此根据OIE《陆生动物卫生法典》条款,判定这些抗体阳性动物为带毒阴性。本研究通过对BTV抗体阳性动物的带毒分析,并结合OIE确定BTV感染的要求,对BTV口岸隔离检疫流程提出建议,以指导动物检疫工作,阻止病原经口岸传入。     

蓝舌病病毒抗原捕获ELISA检测方法的建立

为建立蓝舌病病毒(BTV)病原学检测方法,本研究以纯化的BTV-1免疫绵羊和兔子,制备高免血清。以绵羊抗BTV血清为捕捉抗体、以兔抗BTV血清和羊抗兔Ig G-HRP为检测抗体建立了检测BTV的抗原捕获ELISA(AC-ELISA)方法。该方法能够特异性检测BTV,对羊痘病毒、赤羽病病毒无交叉反应,与鹿流行性出血热鸡胚样品有微量交叉反应,但样品OD450nm/阴性对照OD450nm低于阴阳性临界值,不影响结果判定;敏感性试验检测结果表明该方法可以检出102.79 TCID50的病毒;批内和批间重复性试验变异系数分别为1.44%~8.46%和2.26%~12.44%;采用该方法与RT-PCR方法对60份鸡胚样品进行检测,阳性符合率为90%。本研究建立的AC-ELISA方法为BTV抗原检测提供了一种快速、实用的技术手段。     

猪瘟病毒、猪圆环病毒2型、猪附红细胞体混合感染病例的实验室诊断

为确诊贵州省兴义市某养殖场生猪的发病原因,分别采集病死猪组织样品进行猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪瘟病毒、猪圆环病毒2型、猪伪狂犬病病毒核酸检测,以及病猪耳静脉血进行血液原虫检查.结果:(1)实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测猪瘟病毒核酸和PCR检测猪圆环病毒2型核酸均为阳性.其余病毒核酸检测均为阴性.(2)血涂片姬姆萨染色观察...     

蓝舌病病毒重组VP7蛋白单克隆抗体制备及竞争ELISA检测方法的建立

为了建立蓝舌病(BT)的血清学诊断方法,本研究利用原核表达的蓝舌病病毒(BTV)血清型12型VP7纯化蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,制备2株单克隆抗体(MAb),分别命名为BTV-2D10和BTV-4H7。IFA试验表明,2株MAb均能与BTV 24个血清型发生特异性反应,而与茨城病病毒(IBAV)、中山病病毒(CV)、赤羽病病毒(AKAV)、牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)、牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒(IBRV)、牛轮状病毒(BRV)、牛肠道病毒(BEV)、牛呼肠孤病毒(RV)及口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)无交叉反应,表明2株MAb均为BTV群特异性抗体。采用重组表达的VP7蛋白作为包被抗原建立的竞争ELISA方法证明,BTV-4H7 MAb对不同血清型BTV阳性血清具有良好的阻断效果,而对AKAV、IBAV、BRV和FMDV阳性血清无阻断作用。本研究建立的竞争ELISA方法与IDEXX公司的试剂盒检测包括65份已知背景血清和322份采自广西省的山羊血清样品,检测结果符合率分别达100%和98%。该竞争ELISA方法的建立为BTV抗体的监测提供了安全、快速、准确的技术手段。     

人工感染BTV的绵羊血液中进行病毒分离的研究

为了指导蓝舌病(BT)研究中病毒分离工作,确定最佳病毒分离时间,比较鸡胚分离方法和BHK21分离方法的优缺点。本研究通过绵羊人工感染云南优势蓝舌病毒株BTV-1和BTV-16,采集不同时间的血液样品,用鸡胚和BHK21进行病毒分离。结果表明:用鸡胚的分离时间为接种后4~14 d,而BHK21细胞分离时间为2~8 d。本研究结果有助于BTV分离。     

广西牛羊赤羽病和蓝舌病流行病学调查

为了解赤羽病病毒(AKAV)和蓝舌病病毒(BTV)2种虫媒病毒(Arbovirus)在广西的流行与分布情况,本研究对采集自2010年～2011年广西11市的706份牛、羊血清样品进行检测,共检测出AKAV抗体阳性样品382份,总阳性率为54.11％.其中山羊血清82份,阳性率为28.37％(82/289);牛血清300份,阳性率为71.94％(300/417).BTV抗体阳性样品279份,总阳性率为39.52％.其中山羊血清95份,阳性率为32.87％(95/289),牛血清样品184份,阳性率44.12％(184/417).同时检测出2种虫媒病毒抗体185份,占样品总数的26.20％.本研究结果表明2种虫媒病毒在广西广泛流行,并首次证明广西存在AKAV的感染.     

蓝舌病病毒核酸标准样品的制备及荧光定量RT-PCR方法的研究

为制备蓝舌病病毒(BTV)NS3基因标准样品并建立BTV通用型荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法,本研究首先从BTV-1型核酸中扩增完整的NS3基因,经克隆测序后,采用体外转录方法制备其cRNA。使用RNA保存液稀释至含量约10~8拷贝/μL,分装后进行均匀度和稳定性检验,并通过联合定值确定标准样品的量值。结果表明,BTV NS3标准样品的瓶间差异5%,均匀度和稳定性良好;定值结果为(1.032±0.02)×10~8拷贝/μL。此外,使用该BTV标准样品作为模板,通过优化反应体系和条件,建立了BTV通用型荧光定量RT-PCR快速检测方法,并评价其特异性和敏感性。结果显示,该方法能够对目前流行的26个血清型的BTV核酸检测均为阳性,而与其它相关的反刍动物病毒均无交叉反应,特异性良好,且最低可检测到10拷贝/μL病毒核酸。采用建立的BTV荧光定量RT-PCR方法对送检的临床样品进行检测,并与国家标准规定的套式RT-PCR方法进行比较,结果表明两种方法一致性很高,但荧光定量RT-PCR方法操作更为简便,结果准确,更适用于大量临床样品的检测。     

光生物素RNA探针:RNA/RNA杂交试验检测蓝舌病病毒

用国产光敏生物索标记20型蓝舌病病毒(BTV)全基因RNA,检测BTV、鹿流行性出血热病毒(EHDV)和实验感染绵羊的血样品。3、10、20、21型BTV RNA杂交阳性,与EHDV无交叉反应。0号感染羊的血样为阳性。试验表明,用乙二醛变性RNA样品,可检出10pg水平的BTV RNA样品,灵敏度高出热变性方法的10—100倍。 蓝舌病是由呼肠孤病毒科环状病毒属内的蓝舌病病毒引起的重要疾病。主要通过昆虫传播,感染反刍动物。本病上世纪发现于非洲,现在叫中东、北美、澳大利亚等国家和地区都有蓝舌病的报道。蓝舌病现有24个血清型,其痫毒的核酸由10个片段的双链RNA(dsRNA)组成。这些基因片段决定BTV衣壳蛋白的氨基酸序列上的差异。通常用补反、琼脂扩散或ELISA等血清学方法检查BTV抗体的存在。但这些方法除了敏感性低以外,一个重要缺陷是和EHDV等相关病毒存在交叉反应。K.R.E.Squire等人采用放射性同位素~(32)P,3'末端或5'末端标记全基因组BTV RNA作探针,检测BTV。P·P.C.Mertens和吴时友等,将基因组RNA用一定浓度的NaOH随机水解成150bp左右的片段,再进行末端标记,末端的增加使标记效率显著提高。由于同位素的使用受到经济和安全等方面的限制,为此我们采用非放射性的光生物素标记BTV RNA,打点杂交检测BTV,试验证明该方法是可行的。     

Recombinant cDNA probe from bluetongue virus genome segment 10 for identification of bluetongue virus

Genome segment 10 of bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 11 UC8 strain was cloned and subsequently hybridized to viral double-stranded RNA extracted from 90 field isolates of BTV serotypes 10, 11, 13, and 17; the prototype strains of BTV 2, 10, 11, 13, and 17; the prototype strain epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) serotype 1; and 4 field isolates of EHDV serotype 2. The 90 field isolates were obtained from different counties in California, Louisiana, and Idaho during the years 1979, 1980, and 1981. The cloned genetic probe hybridized with all the BTV samples tested, showing different degrees of cross-hybridization at the stringency conditions used in this study. This indicated that BTV genome segment 10 has conserved nucleotide sequences among the BTV serotypes 2, 10, 11, 13, and 17. No cross-hybridization signals were detected between the cloned genome segment 10 of BTV 11 UC8 strain and the prototype strain of EHDV serotype 1 and the field isolates of serotype 2. This probe recognized a wide variety of BTV isolates.     

Bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus isolation from vertebrate and invertebrate hosts at a common geographic site

One serotype of bluetongue virus (BTV) and two serotypes of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) were isolated from vertebrate and invertebrate hosts on a farm in Colorado. The isolations were from blood samples collected a week apart from a dairy heifer with stomatitis and laminitis; EHDV serotypes 1 and 2 were isolated from the first blood sample, and BTV serotype 13 and EHDV serotype 1 were isolated from the second. Antibodies to EHDV and BTV were detected in the serum from this heifer. Both EHDV serotypes and BTV serotype 13 were isolated from pools of female biting gnats (Culicoides variipennis) that had not had a recent blood meal. The BTV insect isolate was biologically transmitted by female gnats from an infected donor sheep to a recipient host sheep. Culicoides variipennis was the predominant insect collected during three nights of light trap captures at the farm.     

A multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection and differentiation of North American serotypes of bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses

In the present study, a multiplex RT-PCR-based assay for simultaneous detection and differentiation of North American serotypes of bluetongue (BT) virus (BTV) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) virus (EHDV) in cell culture and clinical samples was developed. Two pairs of primers (B1 and B4) and (E1 and E4) were designed to hybridize to non-structural protein 1 (NS1) genomes of (BTV-11) and (EHDV-1), respectively. The multiplex PCR-based assay utilized a single tube-PCR amplification in which EHDV and BTV primers were used simultaneously in a multiplex format. The BTV primers generated a 790 base pair (bp) specific PCR product from RNA samples of North American BTV serotypes 2, 10, 11, 13 and 17; whereas EHDV serotypes 1 and 2 or total nucleic acid extract from non-infected baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells failed to demonstrate the 790bp specific BTV PCR product. Likewise, the EHDV primers produced a 387bp specific PCR product from RNA samples of EHDV serotypes 1 and 2, but not from BTV serotypes 2, 10, 11, 13, 17 or from total nucleic acid extract of BHK cell controls.Two pairs of nested primers (B2 and B3) and (E2 and E3), internal to the annealing sites of primers (B1and B4) and primers (E1 and E4), produced a 520bp specific BTV and a 224bp specific EHDV PCR product from BTV and EHDV first amplification products, respectively. These nested amplifications increased the sensitivity of the PCR assay and confirmed the specificity of the first amplified EHDV or BTV PCR products. The described multiplex RT-PCR-based assay could be used to facilitate rapid detection and differentiation of North American BTV and EHDV serotypes and to provide a valuable tool to study the epidemiology of these orbivirus infections in susceptible animal populations.     

Analysis of genetic variation of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus and bluetongue virus field isolates by coelectrophoresis of their double-stranded RNA.

Thirty-two bovine field isolates of bluetongue virus (BTV), 6 field isolates of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) from deer, 4 BTV prototype serotypes (10, 11, 13, and 17), and 2 EHDV prototype serotypes (1 and 2) were coelectrophoresed, using polyacrylamide gels. Field isolates were obtained from various regions of the United States. Analysis of polyacrylamide gels and scattered plots generated for comparison of migration patterns for different isolates within each serotype of BTV revealed wide variation among the individual segments. The BTV serotypes 10 and 11 had more variation, compared with BTV serotypes 13 and 17, especially for migration of genome segment 5. A definitive correlation was not seen between the double-stranded RNA migration profiles on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, geographic origin, herd of origin, or year of collection. One BTV field isolate contained more than 1 electropherotype, with 2 bands at the segment-7 position, and it was further characterized as BTV serotype 11. Segments 2 and 5 of EHDV isolates were more variable in their migration than were the other gene segments. Generally, migration profiles for EHDV double-stranded RNA were more variable, compared with those of BTV isolates. Although a correlation was found between migration profiles and serotype of 2 isolates of EHDV, a study of additional EHDV isolates is required before the diversity of electrophoretic patterns of EHDV can be determined.     

Serogrouping of United States and some African serotypes of bluetongue virus using RT-PCR

The diagnostic potential of RT-PCR for detection of bluetongue virus (BTV) ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequence in cell culture and tissue samples from infected ruminants from United States, Sudan, South Africa and Senegal, was evaluated. The non structural protein 1 (NS1) gene of North American BTV serotype 11 was targeted for PCR amplification. The United States BTV serotypes 2, 10, 11, 13 and 17 and the Sudanese BTV serotypes 1, 2, 4 and 16 and BTV serotype 4 from South Africa and BTV serotype 2 from Senegal were studied. RNAs from all BTV field isolates used in this study, propagated in cell cultures, were detected by the described RT-PCR-based assay. The first specific 790bp BTV PCR products were amplified using a pair of outer primers (BTV1 and BTV2). Specificity of the PCR products was confirmed by a nested amplification of a 520bp PCR product using a pair of internal (nested) primers (BTV3 and BTV4). The BTV PCR products were visualized on ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels. Amplification products were not detected when the RT-PCR-based assay was applied to RNAs from closely related orbiviruses including, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) prototypes serotypes 1, 2, 4; RNA from Sudanese isolate of palyam orbiviruses serogroup and total nucleic acid extracts from uninfected Vero cells. Application of the nested BTV RT-PCR to clinical samples resulted in amplification of BTV RNA from blood and serum samples from goats experimentally infected with BTV4 and from naturally infected sheep, goats, cattle and deer. The results of this study indicated that this RT-PCR assay could be applied for rapid detection of BTV, in cell culture and clinical samples from susceptible ruminants during an outbreak of the disease, in the United States and African.     

蓝舌病毒群特异性RT—PCR检测技术及其应用

目的:建立一种适于蓝舌病毒(BTV)群特异性基因检测的RT-PCR方法。方法:根据本实验室设计的一对BTVNS1基因通用型检测引物建立BTV群特异性RT-PCR检测技术;对不同血清型BTV及鹿流行性出血热病毒(EHDV)进行检测,验证其特异性;同时,利用该方法检测血清模拟样品及抗病毒血清样品。结果:所设计的检测方法特异性好,与EHDV无交叉反应,可检测至少17个血清型BTV,并能有效检出不同病毒浓度的模拟样品及不同型的血清样品。结论:建立的RT-PCR方法可用于BTV群的特异性通用检测。     

Bluetongue virus in the French Island of Reunion

This paper records the results of a bluetongue virus (BTV) serological survey and reports the first isolation of BTV on the French Island of Reunion. In January 2003, the French Island of Reunion, located off the coast of Madagascar, reported an outbreak of disease in cattle that resembled clinical bluetongue (BT) in sheep. The suspected causal agent was isolated and identified as epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer virus (EHDV). However, because of the similarity in the clinical signs to those of BT, a retrospective survey against BTV was carried out using sera collected in 2002. Results revealed the presence of antibody in all sera tested indicating that BTV has been resident on the Island since 2002, and probably earlier. Although up to July 2003 no clinical BT had ever been reported in sheep, BTV viral RNA was amplified by RT-PCR from a single sheep blood collected in February that year, which strongly suggested that BTV was currently circulating on the Island. Following a second outbreak of disease in August 2003, this time involving a flock of Merino sheep, infectious BTV was finally isolated, and identified by both traditional and molecular techniques as serotype 3. The nucleotide and amino-acid sequences of the RT-PCR products amplified for BTV segments 7 and 10 from the sheep blood collected in February and August from different areas of the Island, were sufficiently diverse as to suggest that they were of different origins and/or different BTV serotypes.     

Neutralizing antibody responses to bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotypes in beef cattle

Blood samples were obtained from sentinel beef cattle at monthly intervals, and the sera were tested for antibodies, using a bluetongue virus (BTV) immunodiffusion test (IDT) and virus-neutralization test (VNT), for 5 BTV serotypes (2, 10, 11, 13, and 17) and 2 epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) serotypes (1 and 2). The cattle tested were transported from Tennessee to Texas in 1984 and 1985. All cattle were seronegative by the BTV IDT at the initial bleeding in Texas in 1984 and 1985. In 1984, 16 of 40 (40%) cattle seroconverted as assessed by results of the BTV IDT. In the 16 seropositive cattle in 1984, neutralizing antibodies were detected to BTV serotypes 10 (n = 7), 11 (n = 3), and 17 (n = 11), and EHDV serotypes 1 (n = 1) and 2 (n = 7). In 1984, no cattle seroconverted to BTV-2 or BTV-13. In 1985, 10 of 36 (27.8%) cattle seroconverted as assessed by results of the IDT. Of the 10 seropositive cattle in 1985, neutralizing antibodies were detected to BTV serotypes 10 (n = 10), 11 (n = 10), 13 (n = 7), and 17 (n = 5), and EHDV serotypes 1 (n = 1) and 2 (n = 7). In 1985, no cattle seroconverted to BTV-2. Clinical diseases attributable to BTV or EHDV was not detected in these cattle in 1984 or 1985.