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自从Ferguson(1938)报道了高钼饲料与反刍动物(腹泻病)的关系以后,Richert等(1953)又发现了钼作为黄嘌呤氧化酶和醛氧化酶的成分是一种必需的营养因子,同时还发现钼是亚硫酸盐氧化酶的成分,也是瘤胃微生物的促进剂。随后,相继有人报道了反刍动物钼中毒,鸡和火鸡的钼缺乏症。我国也于1981年首次报道了耕牛的钼中毒,并已开始了这方面的研究。在人的营养方面,国内已有不少报道。本文对近十年来有关钼营养研究所取得的进展作一简要综述。一、钼的生物学作用 1.钼的主要生化功能是形成三种重要的酶:黄嘌呤氧化酶、醛氧化酶和亚硫酸盐氧化 相似文献
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钼诱导反刍动物铜缺乏症发病机理研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
反刍动物长期采食过量的钼,引起体内铜贮备迅速耗竭,轻则引起低铜血症(Hy-pocupraemja),重则表现为拉稀、被毛褪色等临床表现,此称为铜病(Hypocupro-sis)。钼诱导反刍动物缺铜,主要是因钼干扰铜在体内的代谢,据目前研究表明其干扰作用主要在以下四个环节发生,即:1.钼与硫在瘤胃内相互作用形成硫钼酸盐,后者则影响铜的吸收。2.硫钼酸盐在血液中影响铜的输送。3。硫钼酸盐在肝脏内影响铜的利用和排泄。4.硫钼酸盐影响铜的排泄作用。 相似文献
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微量元素钼的营养研究进展 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
钼是动物所必需的微量元素 ,对动物的生长、发育和遗传起着重要作用。钼的缺乏或过多将会导致腹泻、生长停滞、体质下降等症状 ,对牛、羊的影响较大 ,对猪、禽的影响较小。饲料中钼的含量一般在 2~ 5mg/kg之间 ,谷物、豆类和青草是钼的良好来源 ,玉米及薯类中钼含量偏低 ,豆饼和动物副产品中的钼则难以利用。植物原料中的钼含量还很大程度上取决于土壤的 pH值 ,特别是当钼含量与土壤湿度都比较高时 ,随着土壤 pH值增加 ,钼的含量增加。1 钼在动物体内的分布和代谢1 1 钼在动物体内的分布 钼在动物组织中的含量比较低 ( 1~ 4m… 相似文献
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高钼环境分布与家畜钼中毒研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
陕西省境内某钼矿的选矿废水常年排放到南洛河,污染了河水。家畜饮用污染废水或采食河边牧草后即发生以腹泻为主的钼中毒,发病率达18.74%,死亡率为9.41%,使该地区畜牧业损失严重。经对15个品种219份样品1800余样次毒源成分分析检测,结果表明,钼在水、土壤、植物和动物组织中的含量均属高浓度水平。家畜饮用含有高钼污水,摄入的钼量极易达到中毒标准而致病。冶金工业污染引起高水平钼在食物链上正相关分布与迁移即为中毒原因。单纯饮用高钼污水完全能够引起反刍动物中毒。 相似文献
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钼是一种能形成钼酶的必需微量营养元素,它对所有动物的健康起着重要作用。反刍动物从日粮中摄入过量钼,部分动物可引起继发性低铜症。大剂量摄入钼引起的钼中毒较罕见。反刍动物比非反刍动物对钼毒性更敏感,其他种类的动物对钼的抵抗力相对较强。现分析牛、羊钼中毒的病因、症状,并提出诊断要点及防治方法。 相似文献
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反刍动物饲料营养价值评定方法的比较 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
反刍动物饲料包括各种牧草和秸秆等粗饲料及各种精饲料,为了合理供给反刍动物饲料,满足反刍动物对营养物质的需求,必需对饲料的营养成分和营养价值进行评定.畜体组织与畜产品是饲料营养物质与能量在畜体内代谢与转化的产物,也是它们在畜禽体内的沉积. 相似文献
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试验旨在观察钼暴露对雌性小鼠肾脏脂质过氧化损伤及Smac蛋白表达的影响。选用60只35日龄健康雌性昆明小鼠,随机分成3组(对照组、补钼Ⅰ组、补钼Ⅱ组),分别饮用含钼浓度为0、200、400 mg/L的去离子水,连续染毒90 d后取样检测肾脏组织SOD活性和MDA含量,免疫组化法检测肾脏组织Smac蛋白表达。与对照组比较,补钼Ⅰ组SOD活性显著降低(P<0.05),补钼Ⅱ组SOD活性极显著降低(P<0.01);补钼Ⅱ组MDA含量较对照组显著升高(P<0.05)。补钼Ⅰ组、补钼Ⅱ组小鼠肾皮质Smac蛋白表达极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结果表明,钼暴露对小鼠肾脏能产生脂质过氧化损伤,钼可以通过上调线粒体促凋亡蛋白Smac蛋白表达参与肾脏的损伤过程。 相似文献
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1. The requirements of all classes of chickens for molybdenum are 0.03 mg/kg diet or less.
2. Dietary sulphate and tungstate both reduce the availability of dietary molybdate.
3. No evidence was obtained that either the clubbed down, ginger hair syndrome in chicks or the scabby hip syndrome in broilers is due to a simple molybdenum deficiency. 相似文献
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Ruminant pharmacology. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
K W Hinchcliff A D Jernigan D W Upson P D Constable 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》1991,7(3):633-649
Aspects of drug disposition, metabolism, and toxicity in the ruminant animal are discussed, and illustrative examples are provided. The effects of the reticulo-rumen on drug disposition in the ruminant are highlighted. 相似文献
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Gunnar Norheim Nils E. Sli Arne Frslie Milica Mjr-Grimsrud 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1980,21(3):428
Five ewes were given a daily dose of 1.4 mg Mo/kg body weight as ammonium molybdate for 21 to 55 days. Plasma molybdenum concentrations increased considerably following the dosage, but no systematic changes were seen in the plasma copper concentrations. About 80 % of the molybdenum present in blood was found in plasma. With gel filtration it was shown that practically all of the molybdenum present in plasma and red cell haemolyzates was found in a fraction with molecular weight less than 1,500. Soluble proteins from liver and kidney cortex were separated into one high molecular weight fraction with molecular weight above 200,000 and a non-protein fraction with molecular weight less than 1,500. Significant correlations were found between the amounts of molybdenum present in the high molecular weight fraction and the molybdenum concentrations in liver and kidney. 相似文献
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The concentrations of copper, zinc and molybdenum were measured in samples of cattle liver from 10 slaughter-houses in Norway. A total of 335 samples were analysed. A clear accumulation of copper with age was found, the average copper level in the younger animals (≦ 3 years, n = 194) being 30 µg Cu/g liver wet weight, and in the older ones (> 3 years, n = 141) 59 µg Gu/g. The range in the copper values found was considerable, though significant differences between some of the districts were recorded. Copper concentrations were classified as low (≦10 µg Gu/g) in 9.6 % of the samples. Zinc showed no accumulation with age, nor were there any differences in zinc levels found in animals from different districts, the average level being 32 µg Zn/g liver wet weight. The picture was the same for molybdenum, no differences between age groups or districts being found. The average level was 1.0 µg Mo/g liver. There was no significant correlation between levels of copper, zinc or molybdenum.The supply of copper and zinc to cattle in Norway seems close to sufficient, but copper- and zinc-fortified mineral supplementation of cattle feed is still to be recommended. There seems to be no need for molybdenum supplementation in cattle. 相似文献
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为了研究钼酸钠对亚硝酸钠中毒小鼠存活时间、体重、血液学指标和免疫学指标的影响,选取144只小鼠并随机分为9组,其中Ⅰ组~Ⅴ组做小鼠存活时间试验研究,Ⅵ组~Ⅸ组做钼酸钠和亚硝酸钠对小鼠体重、血液学指标和免疫学指标影响研究,各组小鼠用不同剂量亚硝酸钠和钼酸钠进行处理,饲喂相同基础日粮。结果表明,0.016mL/g 50g/L NaMoO4对3d染毒组和15d染毒组小鼠存活时间有极显著影响(P<0.01);200mg/L NaMoO4和200mg/kg NaNO2对小鼠体重增长、血液学指标和免疫学指标与对照组比较差异不显著(P>0.05),而500mg/L NaMoO4和200mg/kg NaNO2对小鼠体重增长、血液学指标和免疫学指标与对照组比较差异显著(P<0.05)。说明非中毒剂量NaMoO4能缓解亚硝酸钠的毒性,而中毒剂量NaMoO4则会加重亚硝酸钠的毒性。 相似文献