畜禽肠道寄生虫检测技术研究进展

畜禽肠道中常患有多种寄生虫,可影响动物生长发育甚至造成死亡。检测肠道寄生虫对畜禽疾病防控具有重要意义。文章根据畜禽常见肠道寄生虫的流行情况,从病原学鉴定、免疫学诊断和分子生物学检测技术发展等方面进行了综述,并对畜禽肠道寄生虫检测技术的发展前景进行了展望,以期为生产实际提供参考。     

单克隆抗体与寄生虫疫苗

单克隆抗体(McAb)具有众多优点使之用于动物寄生虫病的免疫学诊断、免疫治疗及其疫苗的研制。首先,用McAb筛选某种动物寄生虫的抗原,再以McAb和这种特异性抗原建立直接(检测寄生虫抗原)和间接(检测抗寄生虫抗体)的免疫学诊断方法。其次,McAb作为免疫保护的试剂。McAb所以在一定程度上预防寄生虫的感染与再感染。     

寄生虫病LAMP技术研究进展

人们越来越重视寄生虫对畜牧业和人体健康的危害,临床上对寄生虫病的检测经历了病原学诊断和免疫学诊断后,分子生物学诊断方法也日益发展,但这些检测手段普遍存在缺陷,随着LAMP技术在各领域的发展应用,其快速、灵敏、简便诊断优点带来巨大效益,本文介绍LAMP技术近年来在寄生虫领域的应用,为我国基层推广LAMP技术的应用提供参考。     

细胞工程在寄生虫学中的应用简介

对细胞工程技术在寄生虫学领域中的应用作了简介：(1)应用杂交瘤技术研制抗寄生虫单克隆抗体，以此作为工具，进行寄生虫病免疫学诊断、媒介昆虫体内寄生虫抗原检测、保护性因子、抗原定位、虫种和虫株鉴定、抗原纯化及基因工程疫苗靶抗原筛选、流行病学监测等方面的研究，(2)利用寄生虫虫体细胞与骨髓瘤细胞杂交表达抗原；(3)应用组织培养技术建立寄生虫细胞系。     

免·疫·病·理·学·研·究·进·展

随着免疫技术的发展和深入,近年来已经开始重视免疫病理工作。一系列的动物实验业已证明在免疫病理中,免疫因素起着重要的作用。自20世纪中叶,随着免疫学的发展,寄生虫致病的免疫学机理也逐渐被揭示,形成了寄生虫病的免疫学病理。20世纪70年代以后,随着分子生物化学的发展,动物寄生虫致病的分子机制得到较深入的阐明,动物寄生虫病理学提高到了分子水平。寄生虫对动物的致病作用早已被人们发现,早期人们对动物寄生虫的致病作用归纳为5方面,即吸取宿主营养,吸食宿主血液、体液和组织细胞,产生对宿主有害的毒素,机械性障碍与破坏,以及引入其他病原体。     

蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫检测技术研究进展

蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫是一种分布广、危害严重的水源性人兽共患的寄生虫原虫,可致人和动物严重腹泻.由于其种类繁多,易传染,传播快,对公共卫生安全造成严重威胁.传统的贾第鞭毛虫检测方法主要为粪便样本的显微镜检查.随着免疫学和现代分子生物学的不断发展,很多分子生物学检测技术不断涌现,并成功应用到对贾第鞭毛虫的快速检测.论文就近年来贾第鞭毛虫的检测技术进展情况进行综述.     

放射性同位素示踪技术在寄生虫学基础研究中的应用

寄生虫学研究的深入发展,有赖于研究方法的改进和新技术的运用。放射性同位素在寄生虫学上的应用,为阐明寄生虫的生命活动及其引起人畜疾病的发病学、免疫学和疾病防治的研究,开辟了一条新     

第三讲动物寄生虫病的免疫病理和致病的分子机制

寄生虫对动物的致病作用早已被人们发现 ,早期人们对动物寄生虫的致病作用归纳为 5方面 ,即吸取宿主营养 ,吸食宿主血液、体液和组织细胞 ,产生对宿主有害的毒素 ,机械性障碍与破坏 ,以及引入其他病原体。自 2 0世纪中叶 ,随着免疫学的发展 ,寄生虫致病的免疫学机理也逐渐被揭示 ,形成了寄生虫病的免疫学病理。 2 0世纪 70年代以后 ,随着分子生物化学的发展 ,动物寄生虫致病的分子机制得到较深入的阐明 ,动物寄生虫病理学提高到了分子水平。这里对这方面的致病机理作个概括介绍。1 .动物寄生虫导致宿主的超敏反应 (变态反应 )　寄生虫及其分…     

布鲁氏菌病实验室检测方法的研究进展

本文概述了布鲁氏菌病的实验室检测方法研究进展,主要包括病原分离、免疫学检测技术和分子生物学检测技术,如酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、荧光偏振试验(FPA)、虎红平板凝集试验(RBPT技术)、胶体金免疫层析技术(GIGA)、补体结合试验(CFT)、新型可视化环介导等温扩增技术(LAMP技术)和PCR技术等,希望可为布鲁氏菌病基层实验室检测的技术推广提供参考。     

免疫层析快速诊断试纸条的制备及在动物疫病诊断上的应用

胶体金标记免疫层析技术作为一种新型的免疫学快速诊断和检测技术,具有微量、特异、简便等特点,非常适合基层使用。作者综述了免疫层析快速诊断试纸条的基本原理、制备方法及目前在动物疫病诊断上的应用情况。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.