应用CPV林间防治越冬代马尾松毛虫试验

应用CPV林间进行越冬代马尾松毛虫防治试验,结果表明不同剂量CPV与1/100000的20%氰戊菊酯乳油复配能显著提高CPV的林间杀虫效果。林间以CPV2.4×106~1.5×105多角体/ml与1/100000的20%氰戊菊酯乳油复配防治越冬代马尾松毛虫为宜,13天幼虫死亡率可达85%以上。     

马尾松毛虫质型多角体病毒传递及持效观察

引言关于昆虫质型多角体病毒的传递,在林间的持效作用,国内外已有报导。家蚕CPV可以通过蚕卵一代传到下代。通过卵表消毒可以有效地防止卵表传递。CPV在自然界能通过食物和环境的污染等方式传给下一代寄主。日本应用赤松毛虫CPV防治赤松毛虫持效达3～5年。马尾松毛虫CPV(下称DCPV)的传递及持效作用未见报导。我们在室内给马尾松毛虫(下称松毛虫)添食10~6PIB/m1后,观察其各种虫态带CPV的情况。调查在林间应用DCPV防治后的传递及其持效作用。这对进一步正确评价DCPV的效果有实际意义。现将观察结果报导如下。     

松毛虫赤眼蜂携带质型多角体病毒防治马尾松毛虫

在湖南两个林场试验的结果显示,用携带松毛虫质型多角体病毒的赤眼蜂防治松毛虫比未携带病毒寄生蜂的防治效果要高。两者的防治效果分别为９４．１％～９７．３％和７４．６％～８１．２％。赤眼蜂对寄主卵的发育程度有明显的选择性,寄主卵发育超过３０小时的很少受赤眼蜂寄生。用携带病毒赤眼蜂传播病毒可以增加松毛虫的死亡率。用赤眼蜂传播病毒的方法比在林间喷洒病毒可节省大量的病毒剂。     

云南省松毛虫病毒资源及其应用

１９７８年以来，云南省从松毛虫自然感病虫尸中分离到６种病毒。于１９８４～１９９４年，先后应用推广松毛虫质型多角体病毒防治文山松毛虫、云南松毛虫及思茅松毛虫４２８２．３ｈｍ２，当年防效７０．０％～９２．８％，持续感染明显。文山松毛虫质型多角体病毒致病力强，毒力稳定，并具有继代感染的作用。     

松毛虫病毒研究进展

本文详细记述了松毛虫病毒的主要种类,对松毛虫病毒的应用、交叉感染及其分子特性（基因组序列结构、功能及其蛋白质结构与功能等）研究进行了较为全面的概括。目前松毛虫CPV的应用较其它各类病毒广泛,并在控制松毛虫类害虫上发挥了很好的控制和生态作用,大量松毛虫病毒的交叉感染研究为寻找其替代寄主做出了很大贡献;该类病毒基因组序列结构、功能及其蛋白质结构与功能等的深入研究为筛选和改良毒力强、稳定性好的毒株奠定了理论基础。本文还总结了近年来国内外利用松毛虫病原防治害虫取得的成果和目前存在的问题,还就我国利用松毛虫病毒防治该类害虫进行了展望。     

赤松毛虫质型多角体病毒的交叉感染试验

利用赤松毛虫质型多角体病毒(DsCPV)防治赤松毛虫和马尾松毛虫曾取得很好效果,为了探索扩大此种病毒的应用范围,寻找繁殖病毒的替代寄主,我们进行了赤松毛虫CPV感染某些鳞翅目昆虫的试验。 供试昆虫系室外诱捕成虫,室内产卵孵化饲养,于幼虫2龄时接种。供试病毒为中国林科院林研所提供,浓度为1×10~8多角体/毫升。将多角体悬液浸湿饲料,晾干后饲喂,2天     

三种拟除虫菊酯农药防治松毛虫药效试验

松毛虫是我省松林的头号害虫。目前,化学防治仍然是控制该虫的主要手段之一,并且使用农药的种类比较单一。为了筛选高效低毒的防治药剂,研究新药剂防治松毛虫的效果,1997年我们进行了三种拟除虫菊酯农药防治松毛虫试验。l材料与方法1．1供试药剂10％安绿宝乳油,苏州富美实植物保护剂有限公司;20％杀灭菊酯,上海中西药厂;25％功夫乳油,英国捷利康有限公司。1．2试验方法试验于3月在江西省崇义县进行。试验地为马尾松纯林,树龄5～10a,高度1～3m,郁闲度0．5左右。松毛虫虫龄为4龄。每种药剂设5种浓度处理,每种处理重复2～3次,以…     

灭蚜灵防治马尾松毛虫试验

3%灭蚜灵乳剂系广西化工研究院研制生产的全天然新型杀虫剂,其主要成份是从大然植物中提取的生物碱及添加增效剂,具广谱杀虫效应,属高效低毒低残留型,对多种农作物害虫有良好的触杀,胃毒和熏蒸作用.为了探索灭蚜灵对森林害虫的杀虫作用,我们在全州县做了灭蚜灵防治马尾松毛虫试验,取得了良好的防治效果.现报道如下.1 试验方法1.1室内药效试验从野外采集松毛虫幼虫,每20条为一组置于培养皿中备用.     

台州市马尾松毛虫发生趋势预测技术探讨

运用人工神经网络的原理和方法，根据相关系数法选取与台州市7个县(市、区)马尾松毛虫有虫面积相关关系都比较密切的14个气象因子，然后进行主成分分析，在此基础上，将前6个主成分的主坐标值作为样本的输入特征，建立7个县(市、‘区)马尾松毛虫有虫面积分类预测的BP网络模型，结果表明：所建立的BP模型，具有令人满意的拟合精度和预测精度。当隐含层神经元个数为8个时，11年共77组用于马尾松毛虫有虫面积预测建模样本的拟合率为85．71％，7个县(市、区)3年共21组预留样本检验报准率为80．95％。     

应用轻型飞机防治马尾松毛虫的试验Ⅱ．喷施阿维菌素防治的效果

林间应用轻型飞机大面积超低容量喷洒阿维菌素防治马尾松毛虫Dendrolimus punctatus（Walker）幼虫，其防治效果为95％以上。结果表明：阿维菌素能有效地控制马尾松毛虫的大发生，可作为单独的措施或综合防治中的配套措施使用，同时应用飞机防治解决了树高林密、水源缺乏、劳力昂贵等条件给防治工作带来的困难，是一条适应林业生产高效、经济的防治手段。     

Phagostimulants enhancing the efficacy ofBacillus Thuringiensis formulations against the Giant Looper,Boarmia (Ascotis) Selenaria,in avocado

In both laboratory and field trials, as well as in semicommercial scale applications, the minimum concentration ofBacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) required to secure satisfactory larval mortality ofBoarmia selenaria could be halved, from 0.5% to 0.25%, by addition of 1% of the commercial phagostimulant Coax. Another phagostimulant product, Gustol, was inactive. Coax did not attract caterpillars from a distance. However, individual, Coax-treated spots on the avocado leaf surface were consumed by the larvae to a significantly greater extent than control. The same difference in palatability was recorded when the spots were treated with a mixture of Coax and aB.t. formulation. This explains, at least partially, the aforementioned advantageous effect of Coax in practical control of the looper byB.t.     

枯草芽孢杆菌B006产surfactin突变株特性及其对黄瓜枯萎病的抑制能力

为了明确surfactin产量不同的芽孢杆菌对黄瓜枯萎病的控制作用,本研究采用N＋注入诱变共获得1250株芽孢杆菌B006的突变株,通过对黄单孢杆菌的抑菌试验筛选并获得3株产surfactin突变株B841、B73和B1020。对各突变株NB发酵液的HPLC—ESI—MS分析表明：突变株B841和B73的surfactin含量比野生菌株B006分别升高了15．9％和14．8％,而突变株B1020的surfactin含量比野生菌株降低了85．2％;各突变株fengycin产量未发生改变。对surfactin各组分的质谱图解析,发现突变株B841和B1020的surfactin组分发生变化,突变株B841的surfactin组分中无m／z为995的同系物,而突变株B1020的MS图谱中只发现了m／z为1037和1051的surfactin同系物;对突变株的生物学特性测定表明：突变株B73和B1020的菌落形态发生改变,生长周期缩短;3个突变株比野生菌株产芽孢能力下降,突变株B1020在含有玉米粉和豆饼粉的培养基上不产生芽孢。对各菌株添加到育苗基质中（浓度为10^6cfu·g-1）后,防治黄瓜枯萎病的效果测定表明：2周时,突变株B1020防效接近于野生菌株B006,达70％以上;但3周时,防效下降到36．2％;突变株B841防效始终低于野生菌株B006,只有29．1％。本研究发现芽孢杆菌B006及其突变株在NA培养液中的surfactin产量的高低与其在育苗基质中的防病效果无直接的相关性,对其在自然土中的防病效果值得进一步研究。     

Efficacy and residues of phloxine B and uranine for the suppression of Mediterranean fruit fly in coffee fields

The field efficacy of a bait containing phloxine B, uranine and Provesta 621 protein was tested against Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata; Medfly) by aerial and ground spraying in about 84 ha of coffee fields in Kauai, Hawaii, USA. Concurrently, soil and crop samples were collected from the aerially sprayed field and its unsprayed control field for residue studies. Efficacy of the sprays was assessed through trapping with both protein-baited and trimedlure-baited traps and through the infestation level of coffee cherries collected at least three-quarters ripe. The C capitata population was low at the start of the aerial and ground spray studies, but dramatically increased in the control fields. This increase coincided with initial ripening of coffee cherries. During times of peak population levels, C capitata populations were reduced by more than 91% in the ground-sprayed field and 99% in the aerial-sprayed field, relative to the populations in their respective control fields and based on protein-baited trap catches. Results of residue analyses indicated that uranine dissipated quickly compared with phloxine B on coffee and soil. Coffee samples collected at pre-spray periods had phloxine B residues of 7.2-25.5 ng g-1 on berries. Phloxine B concentrations were much higher on coffee leaves (163-1120 ng g-1). Lower concentrations of the dye were found from coffee samples collected during rainy days. Average phloxine B concentrations immediately after spraying were 56 and 2840 ng g-1 in coffee berries and leaves, respectively. Dissipation of phloxine B on berries was fast, with a half-life (t1/2) of 3 days. Dissipation of phloxine B on leaves was fitted to two linear phases: the initial (0-4 days) with a shorter t1/2 of 3 days and the later phase (4-28 days) with a longer t1/2 of 15 days. Average concentrations of phloxine B in the top soil ranged from 50 to 590 ng g-1 at pre-spray. Phloxine B initial concentration (770 ng g-1) reached a plateau immediately after the last spraying, but showed a steady decline over time with t1/2 of 16 days. Fast dissipation of the dyes in the field indicates that these chemicals may be environmentally compatible and therefore a promising alternative for fruit fly control.     

不同光照和温度下白花鬼针草和金盏银盘种子萌发研究

通过在人工培养箱内模拟环境条件,探讨了不同光照和温度对白花鬼针草和金盏银盘种子萌发的影响,结果表明：光照和温度不是白花鬼针草种子萌发的必要条件,白花鬼针草种子萌发的温度适应范围比金盏银盘宽,在15＇12／10oc、20℃／15℃、25℃／20℃、30℃／25oC、35℃／30℃、40℃／35℃下均能萌发,在15％／10气、20％／15℃、25％／20℃、30~E／25℃时萌发率均达94％左右,金盏银盘种子在40％／35℃时不能萌发;温度影响白花鬼针草和金盏银盘种子萌发高峰的出现时间及峰值大小,而光照不影响。     

高效液相色谱检测苏云金杆菌生物农药中氰戊菊酯的方法研究

市场上已发现有些B.t.生物农药中掺入了化学农药,因此分析检测生物农药中的化学农药就显得十分必要。本文建立了一种高效液相色谱测定B.t.可温性粉剂中氰戊菊酯的分析方法．并对市场上5个品牌的B.t.产品进行了检测。     

5种杀虫剂灌根施药对黄瓜烟粉虱的防治效果研究

以盆栽黄瓜为供试植物,利用灌根法,研究了5种杀虫剂对黄瓜烟粉虱的防治效果。结果表明:阿维菌素对黄瓜烟粉虱最高防效不足30%,吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、啶虫脒和烯啶虫胺灌根施药后7d,防效均在60%以上,10d防效达最高,其中吡虫啉130mg/L处理防效最高为94.3%,持效期长达20d。本研究为黄瓜烟粉虱防治药剂的合理使用提供了科学依据。     

Stability and controlled release properties of carboxymethylcellulose-encapsulated Bacillus thuringiensis var. Israelensis

The mosquito and blackfly pathogen, Bacillus thuringiensis Berl. var. israelensis (B.t.i.). containing spores and toxin crystal, was successfully encapsulated in an insolubilized carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)-aluminum matrix creating a controlled-release bead formulation. The release rate of B.t.i. from this formulation was sufficient to kill Culex sp. larvae during bioassays performed in the laboratory. The CMC concentration significantly affected the release rate of the bacterium. All types of beads tested exhibited a high initial release of B.t.i. in the first week of experiments, followed by a slower rate later. Levels of 10 g kg^?1 CMC solution and 0–05 m aluminium sulfate were found to be optimal in the formulation mixture for polysaccharide and gellant, respectively. This type of bead gave the fastest release of the bacterium and caused 100% larval mortality as from the second day of treatment. While acidic pH, high temperature and UV exposure drastically decreased spore viability of B.t.i., the CMC-encapsulated formulation was more stable to these conditions. Larvicidal activity of encapsulated B.t.i. was more resistant to high temperature (50°C) than the unformulated B.t.i. The high response of Culex larvae to the encapsulated B.t.i. suggests that the formulation could be employed effectively in the field.     

敦煌市棉田烟粉虱的种群数量动态及防治

2006年4～9月系统调查敦煌市杨家桥乡棉田烟粉虱的种群动态及5种药剂防治效果.结果表明:敦煌市棉田5月下旬始见烟粉虱成虫,6月下旬开始普遍发生,8月上旬形成第一个成虫高峰,至9月中下旬随棉花采摘和气温的下降田间成虫数量逐渐减少.烟粉虱在不同的棉花品种上发生数量不同,敦棉V3上虫量显著低于另外4个品种.5种农药对烟粉虱的防治效果存在显著差异,其中阿克泰、蚧虱傲克药效最好,其3 d后的校正防效分别为88.86%、82.66%.     

苏云金杆菌防治棘禾草螟和芦毒蛾的研究

应用苏云金杆菌制剂防治棘禾草螟和芦毒蛾都有较好的效果。为了兼治这两种害虫,可在棘禾草螟第一代卵孵化盛期及盛孵末期分别防治一次。每亩喷Bt乳剂200克或150克加敌敌畏50克。     

枯草芽孢杆菌BS-208和BS-209菌株防治番茄灰霉病研究

为开发防治番茄灰霉病Botrytis cinerea的生防细菌,进行了枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis BS-208和BS-209菌株对番茄灰霉病的温室和田间防治试验,并测定了两菌株对番茄灰霉病菌的抑制作用。结果表明:BS-208菌株分泌物对番茄灰霉病菌菌丝生长的抑制率为44%以上;BS-208和BS-209菌株的发酵液在经稀释10倍后,对番茄灰霉病菌分生孢子萌发的抑制率可达90%以上。经温室盆栽试验测定,以BS-208和BS-209菌株发酵液和菌体处理后24和48 h接种病菌,防效均达75%以上,好于0 h接种的防效,但分泌物滤液防治效果较差。两年的田间试验结果表明,BS-208和BS-209制剂对番茄灰霉病均具有良好的防治效果,其防效随浓度加大而提高,以800倍液的防效最好,两菌株制剂800倍液连续3次施药后防效均达到74%以上,并且BS-208菌株的防效略高于BS-209菌株。