壳聚糖对黄羽肉鸡早期生长性能与脂肪代谢的影响

本试验旨在探讨壳聚糖对黄羽肉鸡早期生长性能、脂肪代谢的影响。120只健康1日龄黄羽肉鸡随机分成4个处理．每个处理2个重复．每个重复15只鸡（早）。对照组饲喂基础日粮为试验Ⅰ组，试验Ⅱ、试验Ⅲ、试验Ⅳ组饲喂在基础日粮分别添加0．10％、0．30％、0．50％壳聚糖的日粮，试验期21d。试验结果表明：（1）在黄羽肉鸡早期日粮中添加一定量的壳聚糖能提高日增重和饲料转化率，具有提高生产性能的趋势。在日粮中添加0．10％-0．30％壳聚糖组的促生长效果较好；（2）在日粮中添加0．10％-0．50％壳聚糖不影响0-3周龄的优质黄羽肉仔鸡的血脂浓度。     

壳聚糖对仔猪营养物质代谢的影响

探讨不同的壳聚糖水平对仔猪营养物质代谢的影响，为壳聚糖在仔猪日粮中的科学应用提供理论依据。试验选用60日龄雄性健康大白×长白×VI系杂种仔猪96头，分为4个处理，每个处理3个重复。4种日粮在基础日粮中分别添加0、0．01％、0．05％和0．10％壳聚糖，饲喂21d时测定能量和脂肪的表观代谢率。结果表明，在仔猪日粮中添加0．01％～0．10％壳聚糖对仔猪脂肪和能量表观代谢率没有显著的影响。     

壳聚糖对肥育猪的生产性能和养分消化率的影响

本试验选用72头体重为（54．8±3．2）kg健康的商品长×荣杂交猪，按体重随机分为3个处理（分别为对照组、0．5％壳聚糖添加组、1％壳聚糖添加组），每个处理4个重复，每个重复6头猪．研究日粮中添加壳聚糖对肥育猪生产性能、养分消化率的影响。结果表明：日粮中添加壳聚糖对猪生产性能无显著影响，但日粮中添加0．5％壳聚糖可显著提高粗灰分的表观消化率，极显著提高磷的表观消化率，而降低脂肪的表观消化率。     

代谢有机酸对三黄鸡生长性能、养分代谢率及肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究不同浓度代谢有机酸对三黄鸡生长性能、养分代谢率和肉品质的影响,并确定其在饲粮中的适宜添加水平。选择224只5周龄初始体重相近的健康三黄公鸡,随机分成4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复14只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂添加3.75‰、5.00‰和6.25‰代谢有机酸产品的饲粮。结果表明：（1）代谢有机酸可有效促进三黄鸡增重,降低料肉比。其中,5.00‰有机酸组三黄鸡8周体重和平均日增重显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,6.25‰有机酸组料肉比显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。（2）代谢有机酸可提高饲粮粗蛋白质和粗脂肪的表观代谢率（P＞0.05）,显著提高钙的表观代谢率（P＜0.05）。（3）代谢有机酸可显著降低胸肌和腿肌的滴水损失（P＜0.05）,并有降低肌肉剪切力的趋势（P＞0.05）。综合考虑,三黄鸡饲粮中代谢有机酸产品的适宜添加量为5.00‰。     

壳聚糖对黄羽肉鸡脂肪沉积的影响

选择健康49日龄黄羽肉用鸡（母）64只，随机分成4组。A为对照组饲喂基础日粮；B、C和D为试验组，分别在基础日粮中添加0．1％、0．3％和0．5％壳聚糖。饲养21d，研究日粮中添加壳聚糖对黄羽肉鸡脂肪沉积的影响。试验结果表明，在49日龄肉鸡日粮中添加0．1％、0．3％和0．5％壳聚糖能显著降低56、63和70日龄肉鸡的血清胆固醇（P〉0．05）和甘油三酯（P〉0．05）含量，降低70日龄肉鸡的腹脂率（P〉0．05），显著降低70日龄肉鸡的皮下脂肪，日粮中添加0．1％壳聚糖能达到较理想的降脂和降胆固醇的效果。     

复合酶制剂对肉鸭生产性能及养分消化率的影响

选用1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭900只,分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复50只,进行饲养试验。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕-杂粕型基础日粮,试验1、2组在基础日粮基础上分别添加0．015％、0．025％复合酶制剂。结果表明,2个试验组中平均日增重、料重比均显著高于对照组。干物质、能量和粗蛋白质代谢率也显著增高;试验1组生长性能和养分代谢率均最高;复合酶制剂可提高肉鸭生产性能、促进营养物质吸收利用,但添加水平应适量     

中药甜菜碱复方对三黄肉鸡生产性能的影响

试验选择15日龄三黄鸡288只,随机分成8组。高温对照组仅喂基础日粮,中药1组、2组和3组分别在基础日粮中添加0．4％、0．8％和1．2ok中药,中药-甜菜碱1组、2组和3组则在中药1组、2组和3组日粮基础上分别添加0．2%甜菜碱,甜菜碱组在基础日粮中添加0．2％甜菜碱,研究中药甜菜碱复方对高温环境下三黄鸡生产性能的影响。试验结果表明,在整个试验期,与高温对照组相比,在日粮中添加不同水平的中药甜幕碱复方能提高肉鸡的平均日采食量、平均日增质量和饲料转化率,以0．8％中药-0．2%甜菜碱的搭配剂量效果最好,能显著提高高温应激肉鸡的生产性能。     

银杏叶提取物对肉鸡免疫性能的影响

为了探讨银杏叶提取物对肉鸡免疫性能的影响，试验将360只1日龄雏鸡随机分为4组，每组设3个重复，每个重复30只。对照组饲喂基础日粮，试验1～3组分别在基础日粮中添加0．15％、0．30％、0．45％银杏叶提取物，检测其对肉鸡免疫器官指数和血清中蛋白含量的影响。结果表明：银杏叶提取物能显著提高肉鸡胸腺指数和血清球蛋白的含量（P〈0．05）。说明在日粮中添加一定水平的银杏叶提取物对肉鸡免疫性能有促进作用。     

沙棘黄酮枇肉鸡生长性能和内分泌的影响

选择1日龄健康AA肉仔鸡360只,采用单因子试验设计,随机分为3个处理组,每组4个重复,每个重复30只,分别为基础日粮组、0．1％沙棘黄酮组、0．2％沙棘黄酮组,进行为期8N的饲养试验。试验结果表明：在肉鸡生长全期饲料中添加0．1％、0．2％沙棘黄酮对AA肉鸡的生长性能、血清生长激素、三碘甲腺原氨酸、甲状腺素、睾酮含量没有显著影响（P〉0.05）;添加0．1％沙棘黄酮对饲料中蛋白质代谢率有提高趋势（P=0.054）,可显著提高饲料中钙的代谢率、21日龄的血清胰岛素、42日龄的血清胰高血糖素和胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ（P〈0.05）。     

复合酶制剂对樱桃谷肉鸭生产及代谢的影响研究

选用1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭900只,分为3组,每组6个重复．每个重复50只,进行饲养试验。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕-杂粕型基础日粮,试验1、2组在基础日粮基础上分别添加0.015％、0.025％复合酶制剂。结果表明,两试验组只均日增重、料重比均显著高于对照组,干物质、能量和粗蛋白质代谢卒也显著增高;试验1组生长性能和养分代谢率均最高。复合酶制剂可提高肉鸭生产性能、促进营养物质吸收利用．但添加水平应适量。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …