不同外植体对多年生黑麦草愈伤组织诱导的影响

对多年生黑麦草的3个品种进行愈伤组织诱导,选取成熟种子、成熟胚、胚轴、胚根4种外植体。结果表明,胚轴、胚根诱导效果较差,成熟胚在愈伤组织的诱导率、鲜重及愈伤质量方面均优于成熟种子。2,4-D浓度在2~4mg/L,6-BA浓度为0.025mg/L时有利于成熟胚诱导产生愈伤组织;成熟种子为外植体时,2,4-D浓度在5~8mg/L,6-BA浓度在0.025mg/L或0.2mg/L有利于成熟种子诱导产生愈伤组织。2,4-D浓度为2mg/L,6-BA浓度为0.5mg/L时成熟胚和成熟种子诱导的愈伤组织鲜重均达到最大。特拉华在愈伤组织的诱导率、增殖速度及愈伤质量方面表现较优,托亚次之,尤文图斯较差。AC和LH有利于植株的再生。     

草地早熟禾愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

以成熟种子和胚轴为外植体诱导草地早熟禾愈伤组织,比较草地早熟禾四个品种的愈伤诱导情况和不同6-BA浓度、愈伤年龄等因素对愈伤组织分化能力的影响。结果表明:成熟种子的出愈率与胚性愈伤诱导率均高于胚轴;MS 2,4—D(2mg/L) 6-BA(0.1mg/L)培养基为草地早熟禾Mardona品种较为合适的愈伤培养基,其诱导率为58.3%;MS BA(3mg/L) KT(0.2mg/L)为较为适合的分化培养基,再生率高达70%;随着继代次数的增加,草地早熟禾分化能力能够继续保持。选择致密、易碎、生长迅速的愈伤继代能够保持草地早熟禾的胚性,可以为遗传转化提供长期良好的植物材料。     

扁蓿豆愈伤组织诱导和分化条件的研究

以扁蓿豆3个品系的下胚轴和子叶为外植体,研究不同培养基、不同激素种类和配比对愈伤组织诱导的影响,以及不同分化培养基对愈伤组织分化的影响.结果表明:下胚轴的愈伤组织诱导率普遍高于子叶;品系B1、B2最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS+0.5mg/L 2,4-D+0.5mg/L 6-BA,品系B3最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS+0.5mg/L 2,4-D+0.7mg/L 6-BA;适宜分化的培养基均为MS+1mg/L KT+1mg/L 6-BA.     

草地早熟禾愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

以成熟种子和胚轴为外植体诱导草地早熟禾愈伤组织，比较草地早熟禾四个品种的愈伤诱导情况和不同6-BA浓度、愈伤年龄等因素对愈伤组织分化能力的影响。结果表明：成熟种子的出愈率与胚性愈伤诱导率均高于胚轴；MS 2，4-D(2mg／L) 6-BA(0.1mg／L)培养基为草地早熟禾Mardona品种较为合适的愈伤培养基，其诱导率为58，3％；MS BA(3mg／L) KT(0．2mg／L)为较为适合的分化培养基。再生率高达70％；随着继代次数的增加，草地早熟禾分化能力能够继续保持。选择致密、易碎、生长迅速的愈伤继代能够保持草地早熟禾的胚性。可以为遗传转化提供长期良好的植物材料。     

外源激素对甘草愈伤组织诱导及染色体加倍的影响(简报)

采用不同浓度配比的外源激素NAA、2,4-D和BAP对甘草不同外植体(子叶、下胚轴和胚根)进行愈伤组织诱导、再生苗分化及细胞染色体加倍的研究。结果表明,不同外植体愈伤组织的诱导频率无差异,均以MS 1.0mg/L NAA 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D 1.0 mg/L BAP培养基的诱导频率最高,均达100%。而再生苗分化具有极显著的差异,以下胚轴最好,在MS 3.0 mg/L BAP 2.0 mg/L ZT 10.0 mg/L GA3培养基上获得的再生苗频率最高,为4.57%。另外,不同外植体类型、不同浓度的NAA、2,4-D对愈伤组织细胞倍性的影响不同,其中下胚轴诱导的四倍体频率明显高于子叶和胚根,平均为42.23%;而1.0 mg/L 2,4-D下的子叶、下胚轴和胚根外植体愈伤组织的四倍体加倍率也达到最高,分别为61.25%,60.00%和58.13%。除此之外,细胞染色体加倍频率随着愈伤组织培养时间的延长而增加。     

紫花苜蓿愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的研究

以中牧1号紫花苜蓿的胚轴、叶片、子叶和根为外植体,研究了不同浓度细胞分裂素对胚性愈伤组织诱导的影响,以及不同分化培养基、蔗糖浓度对胚状体分化的影响。结果表明:不同外植体间的愈伤组织诱导率差异较大,以胚轴的愈伤诱导效果最好,愈伤组织诱导率高达92.2%;改良SH+2,4-D2.0 mg/L+BA 0.5 mg/L为最佳胚性愈伤组织诱导培养基;MSO1培养基适于胚状体的分化,蔗糖浓度为25~30 g/L时胚状体诱导率最大可达30.4%;MSO培养基是最佳的成苗培养基。     

不同浓度激素对狗牙根愈伤组织的诱导与分化的影响

以狗牙根成熟种子为外植体,以N6为基本培养基,研究不同浓度2,4 D和6 BA组合对狗牙根愈伤组织诱导与分化的影响。结果表明:(1)1mg/L的2,4 D对愈伤组织诱导有很大的促进作用;(2)种胚愈伤组织的诱导宜采用N6+1mg/L2,4 D+0.7mg/L6 BA的培养基;(3)愈伤组织的分化缓慢,1mg/L2,4 D+0.7mg/L6 BA培养基所产生的愈伤组织分化情况较好。     

肯塔基草地早熟禾愈伤组织的诱导及再生体系的建立

以肯塔基草地早熟禾成熟种子为外植体,研究了影响愈伤组织诱导、分化以及再生苗生根、移栽的主要因素,建立了肯塔基草地早熟禾高频再生体系。结果表明,在MS培养基上,低浓度的BA(0.1mg/L)配合2,4-D(3.0mg/L)诱导肯塔基草地早熟禾种子出愈率达到74.9±7.35%;0.1mg/L2,4-D在SH培养基上诱导愈伤组织分化成芽,分化率平均每块愈伤可达8.1±0.36个芽;最适生根条件为1/2MS 1.0mg/LNAA。     

2,4-D和6-BA对多年生黑麦草愈伤组织诱导影响的研究

以多年生黑麦草成熟种子作为外植体,MS为培养基,在不同的2,4-D和6-BA浓度下进行愈伤组织的诱导。实验表明:在2,4-D浓度为5mg/L,6-BA浓度为0.05mg/L时,多年生黑麦草各品种愈伤组织的质量和诱导率最高,在相同浓度的2,4-D或6-BA作用下,多年生黑麦草不同品种间愈伤组织诱导率存在显著差异。     

大针茅成熟胚愈伤组织诱导及分化的探索

为摸索大针茅成熟胚诱导、分化的最佳培养基,以大针茅的成熟胚为外植体,采用不同激素配比的培养基进行筛选.结果表明:在大针茅成熟胚胚性愈伤组织诱导和分化过程中,2,4-D,6-BA等激素的浓度对大针茅成熟胚的组织培养影响较大.大针茅愈伤组织诱导最佳培养基:培养基+2,4-D(2.0mg/L),平均出愈率为91.67%;继代培养基:N6+CH(500mg/L)+2,4-D(2.0mg/L)+6-BA(0.5mg/L),愈伤诱导率为80%;添加0.3mg/L ABA对非胚性愈伤组织转化为胚性愈伤组织有一定帮助,诱导率为23.3%.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。