夏秋两熟复种对不同甜玉米品种产量和品质的影响

在热区鲜食玉米的种植研究中,针对不同复种季节筛选适应性品种的研究还较少,为满足鲜食玉米多样化的生产需求,在云南热区德宏州芒市进行甜玉米夏秋两熟复种试验,选用当地主栽甜玉米品种‘库普拉’（T₁）、‘金中玉’（T₂）、‘高原王子’（T₃）、‘瑞佳甜1号’（T₄）,分析比较各品种两季种植的差异。试验结果表明：两季各品种农艺性状指标差异均达极显著（P<0.01）,T₂、T₄株高、茎粗均高于T₁、T₃,秋播平均茎粗、叶面积指数较夏播分别增长8.78%、16.67%,夏播T₂叶面积指数较T₁增长94.73%,秋播T₄较T₁株高增长71.76%;两季各品种饲用品质指标差异均达极显著（P<0.01）,T₂、T₄的综合饲用品质较好,T₂夏播粗蛋白（CP）、粗脂肪（EE）含量分别增长5.52%、8.93%,酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）含量有效降低5.21%,秋播T₄较T₁粗灰分含量降低40.83%;两季各品种产量产值差异均达极显著（P<0.01）,T₁、T₃产量产值两季均低于T₂、T₄,秋播平均产量较夏播增长24.68%,平均总收益增加57.83%（约3.32万元/hm²）,其中T₂夏播T₄秋播可实现全年果穗总产47.2 t/hm²,茎叶总产42.4 t/hm²,总产值11.35万元。综合季节性及品种表现的差异性,T₂更适合夏播,T₁、T₃、T₄更适合秋播,其中秋播的3个品种综合表现好,依次为T₄>T₃>T₁,T₂夏播、T₄秋播搭配种植可实现效益最大化。     

Improving nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiencies through inclusion of forage cowpea in the rice–wheat systems in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India

In high productivity zones of Indo-Gangetic Plains in south Asia, the rice–wheat system is stressed due to production fatigue as evidenced by declining soil organic matter content, low efficiency of fertilizer use and diminishing rates of factor productivity. We, therefore, conducted field experiments at Modipuram, India, to conserve soil organic carbon, improve N and P use efficiency, and increase yields of rice–wheat system through inclusion of forage cowpea during the summer before cultivating the rice–wheat system. Cowpea forage harvested at 50 days removed greater amounts of N and P through aboveground biomass than those recycled through belowground roots and nodules. The NO₃-N in soil profile below 45 cm depth after wheat harvest was greater under fallow during summer than under cowpea, suggesting that cowpea minimized NO₃-N leaching beyond 45 cm depth. Similarly, in the treatments receiving both 120 kg N and 26 kg P ha⁻¹, NO₃-N in soil below 45 cm depth was lower compared to those receiving N or P alone. After three crop cycles, soil OC content in 0–15 and 15–30 cm depths was greater compared to initial OC in plots having cowpea. P applied at 26 kg ha⁻¹ increased available P content over initial P content, and also over P content of soil under no P treatments. The available P content was, however, invariably low under summer cowpea plots as compared to that under no cowpea ones. With continuous rice–wheat cropping, the bulk density (BD) of soil increased over the initial BD at different profile-depths, more so at 30–45 cm depth in no cowpea plots, but inclusion of summer cowpea helped decreasing the BD in the surface (0–15 cm) and sub-surface (15–30 and 30–45 cm) soil layers. Summer cowpea grown on residual fertility after wheat harvest did not influence rice yield, but increased wheat grain yield (P<0.05 during the terminal year), when both the crops received fertilizer N and P at recommended rates. Skipping of N or P or both, however, resulted in consistently low yield of these crops under summer cowpea treatments than those under no cowpea treatments, although the differences were not necessarily significant every year. The use efficiency of applied N and P fertilizers in rice and wheat, measured as agronomic efficiency and apparent recovery, was increased with the use of fertilizer N and P at recommended rates, and also with inclusion of summer cowpea.     

增密对湖北省春玉米与夏玉米产量与机收质量的影响

本研究选用不同品种,设置高、低两个种植密度,分析增密后春播与夏播玉米产量及机收质量的变化。结果表明,增密后春玉米和夏玉米的穗粒数与粒重均呈下降趋势,但穗数显著增加,进而均显著增产,产量平均分别提高10.5%、14.4%。增密均显著降低了春播与夏播玉米子粒破碎率与损失率,子粒破碎率分别下降了0.9%、1.1%,损失率分别下降了1.5%、1.2%;增密对含杂率影响不显著。子粒含水量、子粒压缩破碎力与子粒破碎率间呈显著线性相关关系,降低子粒含水量、提高子粒压缩破碎力可明显降低子粒破碎率;增密显著降低收获时子粒含水量、提高了子粒压缩破碎力。因此,建议湖北省春玉米与夏玉米均可适当增加种植密度。     

Detection of epistasis,and estimation of additive and dominance components of genetic variation for synchrony in pod maturity in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)

Genetics of days to first flowering, first pod maturity, 90% pod maturity, and duration of the period from first flower to 90% pod maturity (DDd₁) and from first pod maturity to 90% pod maturity (DDd₂) [degree of non-synchrony of pod maturity] were investigated in mungbean using the triple test cross (TTC) technique. Ten diverse genotypes were crossed with two true breeding testers (L₁ and L₂) and the F₁ hybrid of the tester lines (L₃). The resultant single and three-way crosses were evaluated in two seasons (kharif and spring/summer).Epistatic variation was found to be an integral part of inheritance of days to first flower in both seasons and days to first pod maturity only in kharif season. Further partitioning of total epistasis revealed that additive×additive (i type) interactions had a major role in the inheritance of these traits.In the absence of epistasis both additive and dominance genetic components were significant for days to 90% pod maturity, DDd₁, and DDd₂ in both seasons, and for days to first flower in spring/summer season. The additive genetic component was predominant for days to 90% pod maturity and DDd₂ in both seasons and for DDd₁ in spring/summer season, whereas the dominance component was important for days to first flower and DDd₁ in the spring/summer season. The direction of dominance was towards early maturity of 90% pods and late maturity of the first pod. The significant additive genetic component in DDd₁ and DDd₂ could be exploited in later generations for developing mungbean genotypes with improved synchrony in pod maturity.     

Performance of prolific and nonprolific maize hybrids under reduced-input and high-input cropping systems

Previous research indicated that prolific (multi-ear) maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids might perform better than nonprolific (single-ear) hybrids under lower-yielding environments. Field experiments were conducted during 1996–1999 to evaluate the agronomic responses of 10 maize hybrids differing in ear prolificacy under reduced-input and high-input cropping systems. Hybrids were of similar maturity (FAO 400) and divided into two prolificacy groups (prolific versus nonprolific), each consisting of five hybrids. The reduced-input system consisted of plowing at 20–22 cm; fertilization at 105, 104, and 104 kg ha⁻¹ N, P₂O₅, and K₂O; 37–38 000 plants ha⁻¹; and low input of herbicide. The high-input system involved plowing at 30–32 cm; fertilization at 213, 130, and 130 kg ha⁻¹ N, P₂O₅, and K₂O; 60–65 000 plants ha⁻¹; and high input of herbicides. Grain yields significantly decreased under reduced-input compared to high-input cropping system by an average of 26.1%. Significant cropping system×prolificacy group interactions were found for most yield components but not for grain yields. This indicated that both prolificacy groups exhibited a similar yield decrease under the reduced-input system even though prolific hybrids had 1.33 ears per plant compared to only 1.01 ears per plant of nonprolific types. All prolific hybrids responded similarly to various cropping input levels principally by means of changes in kernels per plant, whereas some nonprolific hybrids had greater response through 1000-kernel weight then kernels per plant. Prolific hybrids tended to achieve higher grain yields which averaged 10 414 kg ha⁻¹ compared to 9383 kg ha⁻¹ for nonprolific types partly due to less barren plants per hectare and primarily because of a higher grain weight per plant. Larger grain weights per plant of prolific hybrids were primary due to more kernels per plant in the reduced-input system, and a combined effect of more kernels and heavier 1000-kernel weight per plant in the high-input system. Improved kernel number per plant for prolific hybrids was associated with kernels from secondary ears. Although prolific hybrids outyielded nonprolific types, our findings failed to indicate that the prolificacy trait per se had any important effect on hybrid performance when grown under reduced-input compared to high-input cropping system.     

黄淮海平原北部高产夏玉米群体生理指标研究

试验以浚单20、丰玉4、京单28品种为试验材料,研究黄淮海北部平原区有限光热资源条件下夏玉米高产群体生理指标。研究结果表明,通过增加夏玉米种植密度,提高收获穗数,从而提高收获总粒数可以有效地提高产量;但密度增加必导致群体过大,后期叶面积指数下降较快,叶片衰老严重,影响吐丝后光合势增加和干物质积累,因此有效减缓高产群体吐丝后的叶片衰亡是实现夏玉米产量的重要保障。黄淮海北部平原区产量突破11 250kg/hm2的夏玉米群体生理指标为:叶面积指数在吐丝期达到5.80以上,后期下降缓慢,到收获时仍维持在3以上。全生育期总光合势达到370(万m2.d)/hm2以上,吐丝后光合势占总光合势的70%以上,群体的干物质积累总量为20 562kg/hm2以上,吐丝后干物质积累量占总积累量的61%以上。高产夏玉米产量构成因素为收获总穗数不少于76 500穗/hm2,穗粒数不少于500粒/穗,总粒数达到3 900万粒/hm2以上,千粒重350g以上,经济系数在0.53以上。     

播期、收获期对玉米生长发育及冠层性状的调控

采用均匀试验设计,研究6个播期配合6个收获期对郑单958和伟科702生长发育、株型结构和产量性状的影响,通过播期、收获期调控实现高产。结果表明,冀中地区6月12日前播种,玉米抽雄和吐丝持续时间更为集中,播期每推迟3 d,抽雄和吐丝日期后推1 d;继续推迟播期,抽雄和吐丝日期后推4~5 d。2014年6月12日播种处理吐丝期冠层温度最高,不利于玉米授粉;6月15日后播种穗位叶SPAD值降低,尤其是生育后期伟科702叶片SPAD值降低幅度较大。播期对株高、穗位高和基部茎粗影响较大,播期与收获期对产量及其构成影响均显著,穗粒数随播期推迟而降低,千粒重随生育期延长而提高。经回归分析得出,夏玉米每提早播种1 d,产量平均增加98.4 kg/hm2;每推迟收获1 d,平均增产103.3 kg/hm2。郑单958获得较高产量的播期、收获期最佳组合为6月6日至6月12日播种,10月4日至10日收获。     

Nitrogen dynamics and crop growth on an Alfisol and a Vertisol under a direct-seeded rainfed lowland rice-based system

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) followed by chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) or a fallow is one of the predominant cropping systems in the rainfed lowlands of India. Crop rotation experiments over 3 years (1996–1998) to quantify N supply and demand under rainfed lowland rice–chickpea and rice–fallow cropping systems on a loam Alfisol and a clay Vertisol in Raipur, India were conducted under direct-seeded rice culture. The rice growth, yield, development and N accumulation were affected most by N rates (0, 40, 80, 120 kg ha⁻¹) followed by cropping system (rice–chickpea, rice–fallow) and soil types (Alfisol, Vertisol). The incorporation of chickpea in the cropping system helped in accumulating a greater amount of soil N than fallow. The rice yield, dry matter and N accumulated were significantly higher in rice–chickpea than rice–fallow systems on both soils and in all years. The lowest rice yields were recorded in 1997 due to unfavorable rainfall distribution. The total rainfall was the highest in this season, but most of it occurred during a short period at an early growth stage. The post-heading rains were lowest in this season and resulted in the lower rice yield as compared with that of 1996 and 1998. This indicates the significance of rainfall distribution in controlling yield in a rainfed environment. The rice yields were lower on Vertisol than Alfisol during periods of drought. The performance of chickpea was also better in Alfisol as compared with that in the Vertisol due to its better soil physical attributes. The residual effect of N applied to the preceding rice crop was non-significant on all yield, growth and N accumulation parameters of chickpea. The N balance computed from the top 70 cm soil layers indicated less N loss in the rice–chickpea system as compared with that in rice–fallow. The recovery efficiency at the highest N rate (120 kg N ha⁻¹) was higher for the rice–chickpea (57–61%) than that of rice–fallow (49–53%) system. The improved N balance for rice–chickpea system from third year onwards was due to switch to dry seeding and improved soil N status. The inclusion of legume and the effective capture of biologically fixed N and soil N through direct-seeded rice system in rainfed lowlands may help in improving the rice yield of resource poor farmers.     

Increased frequency of phytosanitary pod removal in cacao (Theobroma cacao) increases yield economically in eastern Peru

Diseases caused by Moniliophthora roreri (moniliasis), Crinipellis perniciosa (witches’ broom) and Phytophthora palmivora (black pod) are the most important factors limiting cocoa production in Peru and cultural management is considered to be the only practical means of control for the smallholder. The objective of this study was to develop an epidemiologically and economically sound control recommendation based on the frequency of phytosanitary pod removal. Weekly removal of diseased pods reduced the incidence of diseases significantly in comparison with fortnightly removal. In three fields, moniliasis was decreased by 26–41%, black pod by 35–66% and witches’ broom on pods by 14–57%. The cumulative effect was a consistent yield increase from an average of 504–660 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. Returns compensated for increased labour costs. Weekly pod removal was 32% more profitable. Time-course analyses indicated that weekly removal should be practised throughout the year under field conditions of eastern Peru.     

Critical precipitation period for dryland maize production

Grain yields for dryland maize (Zea mays L.) production in the semi-arid Great Plains of the United States can be unpredictable because of the erratic nature of growing season precipitation. Because of the high input costs for maize production, farmers need to have a tool that will help them assess the risk associated with dryland maize production. The objectives of this work were to determine the critical period for precipitation during the maize growing season and to develop a relationship between critical period precipitation and maize yield to use as a tool to quantify expected yield variability associated with dryland maize production in this region. Maize yield data were collected at Akron, CO from two dryland cropping systems experiments (1984–2009) in which maize was grown in a 3-year winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–maize–fallow rotation. Yields were correlated with weekly precipitation amounts from planting to harvest in search of the period of time in which yield was most influenced by precipitation. Soil water contents at planting were measured either by gravimetric sampling or by neutron attenuation. Yields were found to be most closely correlated with precipitation occurring during the 6-week period between 16 July and 26 August. The data separated into two linear relationships defined by whether the sum of available soil water at planting and May precipitation was less than or greater than 250 mm. These two linear relationships between precipitation during this critical period and yield were used with long-term precipitation records to determine the probability of obtaining a maize yield of at least 2500 kg ha⁻¹ (generally considered to be a break-even yield) at three locations across the central Great Plains precipitation gradient. This analysis quantified the production risk associated with the highly variable corn yields that result from erratic summer precipitation in this region.     

国家区试鲜食夏大豆品种重要农艺性状的演变

为指导鲜食夏大豆高产优质新品种的选育与推广,分析了2006-2018年国家区试鲜食夏大豆13年的品种试验数据,研究了鲜食夏大豆品种14个重要农艺性状的演变规律。研究结果表明:2006-2018年8个鲜食夏大豆新品种通过国家审定;14个农艺性状的变异范围在6.75%～38.67%之间,A级口感率的变异系数最大,标准二粒荚宽最小;参试品种的平均鲜荚产量为10 468.9 kg·hm^-2,较对照减产1.7%;随着年度的推进,鲜荚产量得到了提升,采青天数、株高、主茎节数、单株有效分枝数、单株有效鲜荚数有下降趋势,而多粒荚率、单株鲜荚重有上升趋势,百粒鲜重、标准二粒荚长和宽、标准荚率、A级口感率逐步提升。相关性分析表明,鲜荚产量与多粒荚率、单株鲜荚重、百粒鲜重、标准二粒荚长和宽、标准荚率极显著正相关,A级口感率与百粒鲜重、标准二粒荚长和宽极显著正相关。主成分分析表明,影响鲜食夏大豆性状变异的最主要因子是标准二粒荚长和宽、荚数、多粒荚率及株型因子,在鲜食夏大豆选育过程中应注重选择多粒荚多、荚长、荚大、粒大的品种进行组配,以提高鲜食夏大豆的产量和品质。     

大豆扁茎性状的表现及遗传

在南京分期播种及遗传试验表明：大豆扁茎性状受不同播期的光温条件影响，随播期推迟扁茎表现程度降低。扁茎性状在南京表现由对隐性基因控制。     

条带深松耕作方式对密植夏玉米产量性能的影响

以郑单958为试验材料,2011年在河南新乡设置耕作方式与种植密度田间试验,研究条带深松耕作方式对不同密度夏玉米群体产量性能的调控效应,明确条带深松耕作方式下夏玉米产量性能特征。结果表明,条带深松耕作方式下,夏玉米获得最高产量的最适密度为9.0×104株/hm2左右,较常规耕作方式下增加16.9%,平均增产10.9%。进一步分析高密度(9.0~10.5)×104株/hm2群体下夏玉米产量性能参数,条带深松耕作方式分别增加收获穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、干物质积累量、群体平均叶面积指数、平均净同化率、产量/平均叶面积指数比值分别为9.7%~10.5%、6.5%~8.2%、7.0%~7.7%、9.1%~12.4%、6.7%~9.2%、7.2%~9.1%、3.6%~17.1%。条带深松耕作方式通过产量性能参数的共效差异补偿机制实现密植夏玉米增产。     

条带深旋小双行精播技术对京农科728产量的影响

以京农科728(JNK728)为试验材料,研究条带深旋小双行精播技术对黄淮海平原夏玉米产量的调控效应。结果表明,与铁茬直播(CK)相比,条带深旋小双行精播技术(SS)提高JNK728收获期干物质积累量4.98%,降低干物质在叶片的分配,提高干物质向子粒转运的比例。SS处理由于小双行精播技术,显著增加JNK728的群体密度11.02%～97.78%,收获穗数得到极显著的增加;密度增加导致SS处理JNK728穗长缩短12.50%(p0.01),秃尖长显著增长15.71%,穗粗显著增粗24.34%,行粒数减少9.33%(p0.05),穗粒数极显著减少9.95%,但对千粒重的影响不显著。与CK相比,SS处理使JNK728产量提高21.40%(p0.01)。综上,条带深旋小双行精播技术可以通过密度增加,增加干物质积累总量,增加收获穗数,实现黄淮海平原北部夏玉米增产。     

江苏淮北地区夏大豆品种更替中产量及有关性状的改良与展望

本文通过对江苏淮北地区50～80年代先后推广的16个夏大豆代表品种的产量及有关性状变化的研究,看出本区大豆品种更替过程中,品种产量潜力的提高主要变化因素为:百粒重与每荚粒重的增加、收获指数的大幅度提高和生物量的稳步增长;植株矮化、节数和分枝数减少;全生育期缩短,而以鼓粒期为主的生殖生长期有所延长。本区今后大豆高产育种应在现有百粒重的基础上,协调好粒重、粒数和荚数三者关系,适当提高株荚数和每荚粒数,同时注意增加生物量,提高收获指数;生育期不宜再缩短,注意长鼓粒期的选择;进而提高育成品种的增产潜力和适应性。     

花生不同株型主要农艺性状的相关分析及其对单株产量的影响

以粤油13为供试材料,通过3种不同直径的管环处理,创制不同株型。本研究统计分析了18个主要农艺性状的相关性;采用通径分析的方法对单株产量进行通径分析;然后进行单株产量的逐步回归分析。农艺性状分析结果表明,单株产量、最大果节数、侧枝长、单株总果数、单株饱果数随着处理直径的增大显著增加;相关分析表明,单株产量与侧枝角度、最大果节数、单株总果数和单株饱果数呈极显著正相关;通径分析表明,单株总果数对单株产量的直接通径系数最大(PY.X7=2.15),而在株型相关性状中,侧枝角度具有较大的间接效应(IEX2=0.8567),在侧枝角度影响单株产量的间接因素中,通过影响单株总果数的间接效应最大(IEX2.X7=1.2060)。通过逐步回归分析,分别建立了单株产量的最优回归方程:Y=8.43+0.53X2 (P=6.8E-5);Y=-29.26+1.26X8+0.22X7 (P=3.13E-19;P=4.06E-11),为单株产量预测提供理论参考。本研究初步解析了花生株型与产量之间的关系,初步探明了株型相关性状对产量的影响因素,提出了培育具有"U"型特征的花生新株型品种,可为花生株型育种提供一定的理论依据。     

北方春玉米密植条件下玉米螟危害规律研究

2012～2013年于沈阳开展田间试验,对不同密度种植玉米田的玉米螟危害及玉米产量差异进行比较,研究玉米密植对亚洲玉米螟危害规律的影响。结果表明,一代玉米螟危害在2012年75 000株/hm²小区花叶率、虫孔数和幼虫数显著高于常规田,2013年90 000株/hm²小区花叶率、幼虫数、虫孔数高于常规田,花叶率和虫孔数差异显著;二代玉米螟危害在2012年75 000株/hm²雌穗被害率、虫孔数、幼虫数和被害率显著高于常规田,2013年90 000株/hm²小区雌穗被害率、虫孔数和幼虫数显著高于常规田。2012年种植密度与产量呈抛物线关系,2013年90 000株/hm²小区产量显著高于常规田,常规田百粒重和单穗重显著高于密植田。随玉米种植密度提高,玉米螟危害有加重趋势。     

密度调控对半干旱区不同株型玉米品种冠层和产量指标的影响

以平展型玉米品种和紧凑型玉米品种为材料,2012~2013年在吉林省西部半干旱区研究密度调控对不同类型玉米品种干旱胁迫条件下冠层和产量指标的影响。结果表明,在两年玉米灌浆期均出现中度干旱条件下,不同类型玉米品种种植密度和叶面积指数、消光系数均呈显著直线回归关系,密度和群体生长速度、果穗生长速度和产量呈先上升后下降的单峰曲线关系。通过回归方程计算,平展型和紧凑型品种最佳种植密度分别为5.4万株/hm~2和6.3万株/hm~2。相对于平展型品种,紧凑型品种平均群体生长速度和穗生长速度可以在更高种植密度条件下达到峰值。紧凑型品种在协调个体与群体适应性方面强于平展型品种,更容易适应干旱环境。     

Effect of planting date on severity of frogeye leaf spot and grain yield of soybeans

The influence of soybean (Glycine max) planting date on seasonal epidemics of frogeye leaf spot caused by Cercospora sojina and on grain yield, was evaluated during the 1991 and 1992 cropping seasons. Two susceptible (Samsoy 1 and TGx 849-313D) and one resistant (TGx 996-26E) soybean cultivars were used in field trials at Zonkwa, in the southern Kaduna state of Nigeria. Four field plantings were made at 14-day intervals from late May to mid0July. For each planting date, half the plots received foliar applications of benomyl at R₁ and R₃ growth stages, and the other half was untreated. Frogeye disease severity ratings were taken for all plots at R₄ to R₅ growth stages, and grain yield for each plot was measured at harvest. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in disease severity between the first and third plantings on the two susceptible cultivars in 1991, and on TGx 849-313D only in 1992. Corresponding yield reductions for the two susceptible cultivars averaged 13 and 31% for the treated and untreated plots, respectively, with each 2-week delay beyond the first planting date in 1991, and 5 and 6%, respectively, in 1992. There was no significant difference in disease among all treatments on the resistant cultivar, TGx 996-26E. Under Nigerian conditions, an increase in frogeye leaf spot severity can be expected with delayed planting of soybean after 1 June, and this can result in a corresponding loss of crop yield.     

河北省低平原区不同夏玉米品种灌浆、脱水、子粒机收特性的研究

以河北省低平原区不同类型的5个夏玉米品种为试材,在同一种植密度水平下,研究不同夏玉米品种灌浆、脱水和粒收特性之间的差异。结果表明,5个品种在授粉后40 d时达到了百粒鲜重最大值,之后开始缓慢下降,伟科702鲜重最大,华美1号最小。5个品种百粒重和鲜重表现趋势一致,在授粉后40 d内增长较快,衡玉1182百粒重最大,蠡玉35最小。5个品种灌浆速率呈单峰曲线,均在授粉后20 d左右达到最大峰值,灌浆峰值表现为衡玉1182华美1号伟科702郑单958蠡玉35。5个品种粒收时子粒含水率差异很大,衡玉1182最低,华美1号次之,蠡玉35最高。衡玉1182子粒破损率、杂质率和产量损失率均最小,子粒产量最高。综合分析,衡玉1182具有子粒灌浆速率快、收获时子粒含水率低、破损率和杂质率低、产量高等特质,可以作为直接粒收品种大面积推广。