珍稀濒危植物夏蜡梅总生物碱含量分析

对不同海拔高度、不同居群的夏蜡梅营养器官总生物碱含量进行测定,并分析了与环境因子之间的相关性。结果表明:①不同海拔高度夏蜡梅不同营养器官均含有生物碱,总生物碱含量以叶片最高,其余器官的含量均较低,叶片的总生物碱含量均显著高于其它营养器官,而其它营养器官之间差异均不显著。②阳坡的夏蜡梅叶片总生物碱含量显著高于阴坡,其余器官在阴、阳坡之间的含量差异不显著。③7个居群夏蜡梅叶片总生物碱含量存在较大差异,变化范围在1.468 1%~2.557 6%之间,平均为2.158 0%。④通径分析显示,土壤氮含量对夏蜡梅叶片总生物碱含量起正相关作用,土壤磷含量起负相关作用。而有机质、海拔、土壤pH值均可以间接通过土壤氮含量对叶片总生物碱含量起正相关作用。     

Organ-to-organ and seasonal variation in alkaloids from Crinum macowanii

The distribution and seasonal variation of alkaloids from Crinum macowanii were investigated. The alkaloids lycorine, 1-O-acetyllycorine, crinine, powelline, crinamine, crinamidine, 3-O-acetylhamayne, 1-epideacetylbowdensine and cherylline were isolated from this plant using gas chromatography. Significant organ-to-organ variations were detected for the alkaloids crinine, lycorine, powelline, crinamidine, 3-O-acetylhamayne and crinamine. Crinine, crinamidine and 1-epideacetylbowdensine showed significant seasonal variation.     

黄檗主要药用成分的分布规律

对黄檗主要药用成分小檗碱、掌叶防己碱和药根碱在成树、幼树中的分布和季节变化进行了系统的研究.结果表明:黄檗树干韧皮部中3种生物碱含量均随着树干位置增高而降低,成树在地面至 1.5 m 高度内随位置增高而急剧下降,超过 1.5 m 后趋于平稳,而幼树随位置增高近线性下降,幼树近地面 20 cm 茎段韧皮部中的小檗碱含量相当于成树;黄檗成树韧皮部中3种生物碱含量的季节变化不明显,而生长2年的黄檗幼树韧皮部中则有明显的季节变化,根是7月含量较高,茎是6月含量较高.     

Three novel β-carboline alkaloids from Gelsemium elegans

Three novel β-carboline alkaloids characterized with a unique degraded monoterpenoid moiety, gelebolines A-C (1-3), together with 11 known alkaloids of different types, were isolated from the roots of Gelsemium elegans. The structures of new alkaloids were established on the basis of analysis of spectroscopic data. It is the first example for report of β-carboline from genus Gelsemium (Loganiaceae).     

Gelsemium alkaloids, immunosuppressive agents from Gelsemium elegans

Bioassay-guided isolation of the stems of Gelsemium elegans has led to the isolation of two new Gelsemium alkaloids, 21-(2-oxopropyl)-koumine (1) and 11-methoxygelselegine (2), and two known alkaloids, koumine (3) and gelselegine (4). The structures of 1-2 were determined by spectroscopic (for both) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (for 1) analysis. All compounds isolated were evaluated for their potential as immunosuppressive agents and the data suggested that Gelsemium alkaloids of different structural types possibly have potential as immunosuppressive agents.     

Nine new tropane alkaloids from Datura stramonium L. identified by GC/MS

Sixty seven tropane alkaloids were identified in the organs of Datura stramonium L. by GC/MS. Nine new tropane alkaloids, 3,7-dihydroxy-6-propionyloxytropane, 6,7-dehydro-3-tigloyloxytropane, 3-tigloyloxy-6,7-epoxytropane, 3,7-dihydroxy-6-(2′-methylbutyryloxy)tropane, 6,7-dehydroapoatropine, 3-(3′-methoxytropoyloxy)tropane, 3-tigloyloxy-6-isobutyryloxy-7-hydroxytropane, 3-tropoyloxy-6-isobutyryloxytropane, 3β-tropoyloxy-6β-isovaleroyloxytropane were tentatively identified. The alkaloids cyclotropine, dihydroaposcopolamine, 6,7-dehydrohyoscyamine and 4′-hydroxylittorine are reported for the first time for the genus Datura and 6,7-dehydrotropine for the family Solanaceae. Hyoscyamine and scopolamine figure as the major tropane alkaloids in the plant organs.     

The antiplasmodial activity of spermine alkaloids isolated from Albizia gummifera

In the present study the methanolic extract of Albizia gummifera was fractionated into various fractions. These fractions were tested against choroquine sensitive (NF54) and resistant (ENT30) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. All other fractions apart from the alkaloidal fraction showed low activity with IC 50 above 3 microg/ml. The alkaloidal fraction exhibited strong activity against NF54 and ENT30 with IC 50 of 0.16+/-0.05 and 0.99+/-0.06 microg/ml, respectively. Five known spermine alkaloids were isolated from the alkaloidal fraction. These alkaloids exhibited activities against NF54 and ENT30 with IC 50 ranging from 0.09+/-0.02 to 0.91+/-0.10 microg/ml. Four of the alkaloids were further evaluated for in vivo activity against rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei. The alkaloids showed percentage chemosuppression of parasitaemia in mice ranging from 43 to 72%. The use of the extracts A. gummifera for treatment of malaria in traditional medicine seems to have a scientific basis.     

Fungitoxic alkaloids from Hokkaido Papaveraceae.

Papaver orientale, Dicentra spectabilis and Chelidonium majus, three Papaveraceae collected from Hokkaido area, were studied for their fungitoxic alkaloids. Ten alkaloids were isolated, identified and tested for their fungitoxic activity. Two of these isolates were found to be new compounds.     

Antifungal activity of the methanolic extract and alkaloids of Glaucium oxylobum

The methanolic extract and total alkaloids of the aerial parts of Glaucium oxylobum exhibited good activity against Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Epidermophyton floccosum. Four alkaloids, dicentrine, glaucine, protopine, and alpha-allocryptopine, were identified as the compounds responsible for the antifungal activity of this plant.     

蝙蝠葛茎叶中化学成分的研究

初步确定了蝙蝠葛茎叶所含化学成分，结果表明，其中含有生物碱、甾体成分、内酯、香豆素及其甙类、酸性成分、鞣质、油脂、糖类及氨基酸、蛋白质。并对其粗总生物碱含量进行测定，生物碱含量达0.69%。     

Antitussive, expectorant and anti-inflammatory alkaloids from Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the antitussive, expectorant and anti-inflammatory effects of alkaloids imperialine (I), chuanbeinone (II), verticinone (III), and verticine (IV), which were isolated from the Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae (BFC) using phytochemical method. The results showed that all the alkaloids significantly inhibited cough frequency and increased latent period of cough in mice induced by ammonia. Besides, imperialine(I), verticinone(III) and verticine(IV) markedly enhanced mice's tracheal phenol red output in expectorant evaluation, and imperialine(I), chuanbeinone(II) significantly inhibited the development of ear edema in a dose-dependent manner in anti-inflammatory assessment. Moreover, important differences were found among the structure–activity relationships for the four alkaloids. These results confirmed that the four alkaloids imperialine, chuanbeinone, verticinone and verticine may be the active ingredients of the Bulbus F. Cirrhosae (BFC).     

Cytotoxic alkaloids from stems, leaves and twigs of Dasymaschalon blumei

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the cytotoxic ethyl acetate extract from the stems of Dasymaschalon blumei (Annonaceae) led to the isolation of four aristololactam alkaloids, including the hitherto unknown 3,5-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyaristolactam (1), as well as the three known compounds, aristolactam BI, goniopedaline, and griffithinam. Additionally, the cytotoxic extract from the combined leaves and twigs of the same plant yielded three known oxoaporphine alkaloids, oxodiscoguattine, dicentrinone, and duguevalline. The structures of aristolactams and oxoaporphine alkaloids were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. All isolates were evaluated for cytotoxicity against a panel of mammalian cancer cell lines and a noncancerous human embryonic kidney cell Hek 293.     

石蒜属植物生物碱类化合物及其构效关系研究进展

石蒜属植物因其丰富的生物碱类型及多种药理活性,受到了国内外学者的广泛关注。研究表 明,石蒜属植物碱主要含有 7 类,具有抗肿瘤、抗疟疾、抗 AChE、抗菌、抗病毒、抗抑郁症、降血压等 多种药理活性。文章对 10 种石蒜属植物所含生物碱种类、数量、药理作用等研究现状进行综述,并重点 关注石蒜属生物碱的结构与药理活性之间的构效关系。     

Mass spectrometric dereplication of nitrogen-containing constituents of black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa L.)

Black cohosh preparations are popular dietary supplements among women seeking alternative treatments for menopausal complaints. For decades, triterpene glycosides and phenolic acids have dominated the phytochemical and biomedical research on this plant. In this study, we provide evidence that black cohosh contains an unexpected and highly diverse group of secondary nitrogenous metabolites previously unknown to exist in this plant. Using a dereplication approach that combines accurate mass measurements, database searches and general knowledge of biosynthetic pathways of natural products, we identified or tentatively identified 73 nitrogen-containing metabolites, many of which are new natural products. The identified compounds belong to several structural groups including alkaloids, amides or esters of hydroxycinnamic acids and betains. Among the alkaloids, several classes such as guanidino alkaloids, isoquinolines and β-carbolines were identified. Fragmentation patterns for major compound classes are discussed, which provides a framework for the discovery of these compounds from other sources. Identification of alkaloids as a well-known group of bioactive natural products represents an important advance in better understanding of the pharmacological profile of black cohosh.     

交让木属植物中生物碱类化合物的研究进展

生物碱广泛存在于自然界,是科学家们研究最早的一类有生物活性的天然有机化合物.随着植化分离和结构鉴定手段的提高,越来越多的生物碱类化合物被从交让木属植物中分离鉴定出来,近年来已鉴定80余种化合物.为了更好地开发和利用本属植物,作者在查阅国内外文献的基础上就这一领域的研究进展进行了综述.     

苦豆草生物碱对柳蓝叶甲的拒食作用

研究苦豆草生物碱对柳蓝叶甲取食的影响.结果表明:苦豆草生物碱总碱及其单体对柳蓝叶甲具有较强的拒食作用,且随着浓度的升高拒食作用增强.在选择性取食条件下,随着总碱处理浓度的升高,试虫对处理叶的取食量迅速下降;而对未处理叶的取食量没有显著的差异,但随着处理浓度的升高,总取食量明显下降.在供试的6种生物碱单体中,苦豆碱和槐胺碱对柳蓝叶甲的拒食活性较强.其中处理浓度为5 mg·mL-1时,在选择性取食条件下,苦豆碱的拒食率高达99.4%,而在非选择性取食条件下,则以槐胺碱的拒食活性较强,达91.7%.     

植物生物碱的杀虫作用及应用

植物生物碱是植物在与昆虫协同进化过程中形成的一大类具有防御功能的次生代谢物质,在害虫综合治理中具有非常重要的作用。本文对植物生物碱的杀虫作用方式、作用机理和作为杀虫剂、昆虫拒食剂、驱避剂、产卵忌避剂的应用以及作为先导化合物在新农药创制中的作用做了综述,并对植物生物碱的研究前景进行了展望,提出了今后研究和开发应用中注意的问题。     

超临界二氧化碳去除苦参中脂溶性物质的研究

苦参是一种用于治疗多种疾病的传统中药材,苦参碱类生物碱是其主要的活性物质,既有药用价值又有杀虫效果.作者利用超临界二氧化碳(SC-CO2)去除苦参中的脂溶性物质,建立了节能环保的后续苦参碱提取工艺.检测了脂溶性物质(R1)和苦参总碱(R2)的得率;评价了超临界流体萃取(SFE)过程的参数,如压力、温度、时间对R1和R2的影响,并与直接溶剂萃取进行对照.结果显示,使用本法所得苦参总碱的平均产率比直接用溶剂萃取高72%,在压力为12～18MPa、温度60～75℃、萃取时间2h下苦参碱得率较高.     

Quantitative and cytotoxic activity determinations on Galanthus nivalis subsp. cilicicus

Aerial and underground parts of Galanthus nivalis subsp. cilicicus, a wild-growing species in Turkey, were collected during two different vegetation periods in flowering and fruiting seasons. Herba and bulbus Galanthi were prepared from each specimen. With the aim of collecting data for prospective monographs on this drug, contents of humidity, ash, sulphated ash and total alkaloids were determined according to DAB 10. The specimens were also analyzed quantitatively for two of the principal alkaloids of the genus, galanthamine and lycorine, by using a method based on spectrophotometry complemented with TLC. LC50 values were determined for the ethanolic and alkaloidal extracts of each of the specimens using brine shrimp lethality bioassay.     

Two new amide alkaloids from the flower of Datura metel L.

Two new amide alkaloids were isolated from the alkaloidal fraction of Datura metel L. Their structures were elucidated as (E)-methyl 4-(3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-methylacrylamido) butanoate and 6,7-dimethyl-1-D-ribityl-quinoxaline-2,3(1H,4H)-dione-5′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside on the basis of spectroscopic methods including HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR. Tropane alkaloids have for a long time been considered as characteristic ingredients of D. metel. However, the presence of amide alkaloids in D. metel was reported for the first time in this study.