巴斯德毕赤酵母新型分泌表达载体构建

巴斯德毕赤酵母分泌表达载体pPICINU是利用来源于克鲁维酵母（Kluyveromyces marxianus)的菊粉酶基因信号肽DNA序列（ISP）构建的。表达实验结果表明，带有分泌表达载体pPICINU的β-1，3－1，4葡聚糖酶基因重组菌，具有与带有表达载体pPIC9K(带有α因子信号肽）的β-1，3－1，4葡聚糖酶基因重组菌相同的分泌效率。     

经改造的猪IGF-I基因在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

采用酵母偏爱密码子合成五条编码猪IGF-I基因的引物，利用重叠PCR技术拼接获得长度为210bp的猪IGF-I成熟蛋白基因。将该基因插入分泌表达载体pPIC9K中，转化巴斯德毕赤酵母菌。经表型鉴定、PCR分析及G418筛选得到Muts型多拷贝整合菌，以1.5%甲醇诱导培养后，经SDS-PAGE检测表达产物，在7.5 kDa处出现一特异蛋白条带，目的蛋白表达量达410mg/L。Dot blot检测表明，重组蛋白可与抗IGF-I多克隆抗体反应。     

经改造的猪IGF-Ⅰ基因在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

采用酵母偏爱密码子合成5条编码猪胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)基因的引物,利用重叠PCR技术获得含210bp猪IGF-Ⅰ成熟蛋白基因的拼接产物。将该基因插入分泌表达载体pPIC9K中,转化巴斯德毕赤酵母菌(Pischia pastoris)。经表型鉴定、PCR分析及G418筛选得到Muts型多拷贝整合菌,以1.5%甲醇诱导培养后,经SDS-PAGE检测表达产物,在7.5kD处出现一特异蛋白条带,目的蛋白表达量达410mg/L。Dot blot检测表明,重组蛋白可与抗IGF-Ⅰ多克隆抗体反应。     

锰超氧化物歧化酶（Mn-SOD）基因的分子改造及在毕赤酵母中的表达

根据毕赤酵母（Pichia pastoris）的密码子偏好性,以不改变氨基酸序列为原则,对源于蜡样芽孢杆菌M22（Bacillus cerues M22）的Mn-SOD基因进行分子改造,设计、合成新的基因序列Mn-SOD-2。构建酵母表达载体pPICZαA/Mn-SOD-2,并整合至毕赤酵母GS115染色体。结果表明,所构建的酵母工程菌株YM103,经0.5%甲醇诱导表达后,Native-PAGE检测证实有清晰活性条带;SDS-PAGE检测证实重组蛋白的分子量为24kD,与预期大小一致。酶活分析表明,外源蛋白的活性较改造前增加了2.2倍,且表达稳定性良好。     

蜡样芽胞杆菌M22Mn-SOD基因的分子改造及在毕赤酵母中的表达

根据毕赤酵母(Pichia pastons)密码子的偏好性,以氨基酸序列不变为原则,对源于蜡样芽胞杆菌(Bacillus cernes)M22的Mn-SOD基因进行分子改造,设计、合成了新的基因序列Mn-SOD-2.构建酵母表达载体pPICZαA/Mn-SOD-2,并整合至毕赤酵母GS115染色体.结果表明,所构建的重组体经0.5%甲醇诱导表达后,Native-PAGE检测证实有清晰单一活性条带;SDS-PAGE检测证实重组蛋白的分子量24 kD.酶活分析表明,外源蛋白的活性较改造前增加了2.2倍,且表达稳定性良好.     

苏云金芽胞杆菌N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯酶基因(aiiA)在毕赤酵母中的优化表达

苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯酶基因(auto inducer inactivation A,aiiA)编码的N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯酶(N-acylhomoserine lactonase,AiiA)能够水解植物病原菌群体效应的信号分子N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯(N-acylhomoserine lactone,AHL),进而使革兰氏阴性细菌群体感应受到抑制,减弱病原菌的致病性。本研究将aiiA基因连接至分泌型穿梭表达载体pPICZαB,获得重组表达质粒p PICZαB-aiiA,线性化后电击转化毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)GS115,获得重组工程菌GS115-p PICZαBaiiA。利用定点突变技术,对aiiA基因进行密码子优化,获得重组工程菌GS115-p PICZαB-MaiiA。以终浓度为1%的甲醇、28℃条件下诱导表达,重组工程菌GS115-p PICZαB-aiiA和GS115-p PICZαB-MaiiA均成功表达并分泌出AiiA蛋白。抗病性分析表明,分泌表达的AiiA蛋白能有效抑制胡萝卜软腐欧文氏杆菌(Erwinia carotovora)的致病性。AiiA蛋白在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达,拓宽了AiiA蛋白的获取途径,为AiiA蛋白的产业化提供理论依据。密码子优化为今后改造AiiA蛋白,提高AiiA蛋白的表达效率提供了新的思路。     

美洲商陆抗病毒蛋白真核表达载体的构建及在毕赤酵母中的表达

摘要：从美洲商陆（Phytolacca americana）叶片中通过异硫氰酸胍法提取出了总RNA,经RT-PCR扩增出缺失突变型抗病毒蛋白PAP基因,将该基因克隆于分泌型真核表达载体pPIC9K,然后导入毕赤酵母(Pachia pastoris )菌株GS115细胞。在甲醇的诱导下,经过酵母高密度发酵进行PAP的表达,经SDS-PAGE分析。结果表明,在培养基上清液中含有一明显的特异性蛋白条带,大小为34 kD,经Western-blotting分析,该蛋白与法国PAP抗血清有特异性反应,体外活性检测表明该蛋白对病毒的侵染性具有高度的抑制性,表明该基因在毕赤酵母GS115中得到了表达。     

牛γ-干扰素在大肠杆菌与毕赤酵母中的表达及抗病毒活性比较**

用RT-PCR从经ConA刺激的荷斯坦奶牛外周血淋巴细胞总RNA中扩增了BolFN-γ基因，克隆人pGEM T-easy载体测序。再亚克隆其成熟肽基因，分别构建大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）表达载体pET28a／BolFN-γ和毕赤酵母（Pichia pastoris）表达载体pPICZα／BolFN-γ前者存Ecoli BL21中经IPTG诱导实现了高效表达，表达蛋白占菌体总蛋白的30％，表达产物以包涵体形式存；后者存P. pastorisGS115中经甲醇诱导实现了高效分泌表达，表达产物直接分泌到培养上清中，表达量约为1．0g／L。分别在CEF／VSV和MDBK／VSV细胞系上对2种表达蛋白的抗病毒活性进行了比较，结果表明，两种重组蛋白在MDBK／VSV抗病毒活性高于在CEF／VSV上的活性，而毕赤酵母表达的蛋白抗病毒活性高于大肠杆表达蛋白，约为前者的2倍。     

结核分枝杆菌CFP10-ESAT6融合蛋白的真核表达及其牛结核病诊断价值评价

本研究旨在利用毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)系统融合表达结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB)的培养滤液蛋白10(culture filter protein 10,CFP10)和早期分泌抗原靶6蛋白(earlier secreted antigen target 6,ESAT6),并评价其作为牛结核病外周血γ-干扰素(interferon gamma,IFN-γ)体外释放实验特异性刺激剂来诊断牛结核病的应用潜能.通过PCR扩增cfp1 0-esat6融合基因,构建pPICZα A-(cfp10-esat6)重组质粒,电转化毕赤酵母GSll5,添加甲醇至终浓度1.0％,诱导3d,取培养上清进行SDS-PAGE分析,镍离子金属螯合亲和层析柱纯化目的蛋白,Western blot分析重组蛋白的免疫反应性;取纯化的融合蛋白CFP10-ESAT6作为刺激剂用于牛结核病外周血IFN-γ体外释放实验,评价其牛结核病诊断价值.结果表明,目的蛋白(33kD)被成功分泌表达,该融合蛋白与抗CFP10、ESAT6、组氨酸标签和c-Myc4种单抗均发生特异性反应,具有较好的免疫反应性.165份奶牛外周血样品的IFN-γ检测结果表明,CFP 10-ESAT6融合蛋白与结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(purified protein derivative,PPD)作为刺激剂,二者阳性符合率为82.3％,阴性符合率为78.8％.本研究利用酵母表达系统成功表达CFP10-ESAT6融合蛋白,并表现出更高的生物学活性,在牛结核病外周血IFN-γ体外释放实验中可作为候选刺激剂,并能克服混合感染导致的PPD漏检问题,从而进一步提高检测的敏感性和特异性.     

人溶菌酶基因的克隆及其在真核菌株中表达质粒pPIC9K/hLZM 的构建

利用RT—PCR技术，从人的胎盘组织中直接扩增出溶菌酶基因(hLZM)的cDNA全序列，插入到质粒pPIC9K上，转化巴斯德毕赤酵母KM71，通过G418快速筛选，构建出能够高效表达人溶菌酶基因的重组毕赤酵母菌株，作为真核细胞反应器，用以生产人溶菌酶。     

抗速灭威单链抗体基因在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的表达及性质研究

选用巴斯德毕赤酵母（Pichia pastoris）系统表达特异性抗速灭威单链抗体（scFv）基因,以为速灭威特异性抗体的大量制备奠定基础。设计引物扩增阳性克隆scFv基因,亚克隆至表达载体pPICZαC,获得重组酵母表达质粒pPICZαC-scFv,线性化pPICZαC-scFv并高效电转P.pastoris（X-33）,对转化子进行抗性梯度筛选得到一株高效表达的X-33-Pp-SMW-12-6菌株。对获得的菌株先后进行表达条件的优化、优化条件下的诱导表达及单链抗体性质研究。结果表明：P.pastoris-scFv的质量接近其亲本E.coli-scFv的质量,X-33-Pp-SMW12-6在优化条件下的表达产量达28mg/L,比未优化前的产量提高了约8mg/L,经纯化后抗体纯度可达85%以上。因此,利用P.pastoris表达系统制备抗速灭威单链抗体比细菌表达系统更有效、更经济。     

Cloning and functional expression of a mungbean defensin VrD1 in Pichia pastoris

It was shown previously that a bacterially expressed mungbean defensin VrCRP exhibited both antifungal and insecticidal activities. To isolate this protein in a large quantity for its characterization, the defensin cDNA was expressed in Pichia pastoris and the recombinant defensin (rVrD1) was purified. The recombinant VrD1 was shown to inhibit the growth of fungi such as Fusarium oxysporum, Pyricularia oryza, Rhizoctonia solani, and Trichophyton rubrum and development of bruchid larva. The protein also inhibits in vitro protein synthesis. These biological activities are similar to that of the bacterially expressed defensin. Functional expression of VrD1 in Pichia pastoris provides a highly feasible system to study the structure-function relationship of VrD1 using the mutagenesis approach.     

嗜热子囊菌光孢变种cbh1基因的cDNA克隆及在毕赤酵母的高效表达

以嗜热子囊菌光孢变种(Thermoascus aurantiacus var. levisporus)总RNA为模板，通过RT-PCR克隆出外切纤维二糖水解酶基因cbh1片段，采用RACE方法获得全长cDNA克隆，其全长为1 710 bp，编码一种由457个氨基酸组成的单肽，推导的氨基酸序列中1～19位为信号肽序列，GenBank的登录号为AY840982。将该片段克隆到毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)分泌型表达载体pPIC9K上，获得表达重组质粒pPIC9K/cbh1，转化毕赤酵母GS115，所得重组子经PCR验证后进行诱导表达，筛选出一重组子GSp-15,经144 h诱导后，外切纤维二糖水解酶表达量为1.17 mg/mL，产酶活力为20.3 U/mL。     

Functional expression in pichia pastoris of an acidic pectin methylesterase from jelly fig (Ficus awkeotsang)

A cDNA fragment encoding an acidic pectin methylesterase (PME) of jelly fig achene was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris under the control of the glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter. The recombinant PME was produced as a secretory protein by N-terminal fusion of a cleavable prepropeptide for signal trafficking, and thus easily harvested from the culture medium. Compared with native N-glycosylated PME (38 kDa) purified from jelly fig achenes, this recombinant PME (45 kDa) appeared to be hyperglycosylated. Activity staining indicated that the recombinant PME was functionally active. Yet the hyperglycosylated recombinant PME possessed thermostability and enzymatic capability over a broad pH range equivalent to those of the native PME. The success of functional production of this acidic jelly fig PME in P. pastoris has significantly broadened its applications in industry.     

里氏木霉RUT-C30内切β-甘露聚糖酶基因在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

摘要：以里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei）RNA为模板，采用RT-PCR扩增的方法获得不带自身信号肽man1基因的cDNA片段。构建了重组表达载体pPIC9K-man1，重组质粒SacⅠ线性化后用PEG（聚乙二醇）法导入毕赤酵母Pichia pastoris菌株GS115中，通过PCR和表型鉴定表明man1基因已经整合到毕赤酵母染色体上。经大量筛选，获得高效分泌表达甘露聚糖酶的毕赤酵母工程菌株RMAN23。将此菌株在5L发酵罐中进行高密度发酵，测定酶活最高达470IU /mL，同时对重组甘露聚糖酶的性质进行了初步研究。     

犬白细胞介素2在毕赤酵母中的诱导表达及生物活性的测定

以ConA刺激的犬外周血淋巴细胞总RNA为模板，通过RT-PCR方法扩增出犬IL-2成熟蛋白基因，将目的片段连接到pMD18-T载体，测序结果显示，扩增片段与GenBank上发表的序列一致。然后将目的片段连接到酵母表达载体pPICZa-A上，得到重组酵母犬IL-2表达载体pPICZaA-CaIL-2，经SacⅠ酶切线性化后电转化导入毕赤酵母菌株X-33。PCR方法筛选重组酵母菌，甲醇诱导表达，SDS-PAGE结果显示表达上清中有大小约20kDa的目的条带，比实际分子量略大，推测蛋白可能发生糖基化。MTT法测定生物学活性结果表明，重组犬IL-2能够极显著促进犬外周血淋巴细胞增殖。证明酵母表达的犬重组IL-2具有良好的生物学活性。     

内切葡聚糖酶基因在毕赤酵母中高效表达及表达条件研究

根据枯草芽孢杆菌内切葡聚糖酶基因序列设计引物,采用PCR扩增到获得去除信号肽后约1.4Kb的内切葡聚糖酶表达片段。以此片段成功构建了pPIC-End载体,并转化至巴斯德毕赤酵母GS115。经过MD、MM平板筛选和酶活性测定,获得了高效表达的转化子GS115-pPIC-EndⅠ、GS115-pPIC-EndⅦ、GS115-pPIC-EndⅧ。在摇瓶培养条件下,对酵母工程菌表达条件进行了优化研究：在pH4-8条件下均能稳定表达,诱导起始OD600=5表达水平最高,甲醇诱导最佳浓度为0.5%-1%,加大培养通气量对表达有显著的促进作用。三种工程菌在优化条件后诱导培养,酶活性可达860.7U、760.3U、786.2U,分别为原始菌株酶活（63.78U）的13.5倍、11.9倍和12.3倍。SDS-PAGE分析表明表达产物分子量约为79.82KDa,热稳定性分析表明该酶在65℃保温30min可保持最高酶活的80%以上。     

High-level production of recombinant chicken cystatin by Pichia pastoris and its application in mackerel surimi

A high level of the secreted form of recombinant chicken cystatin was expressed in Pichia pastoris X-33 by chromosomal integration of multiple copies of an expression cassette containing chicken cystatin under the control of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter. The inhibition ability of the recombinant for papain-like proteinase was found to correspond to those of natural chicken cystatin. The recombinant cystatin substantially inhibited the proteolysis of myosin and gel softening, which consequently improved the gel properties of mackerel surimi.     

Molecular cloning and functional identification of invertase isozymes from green bamboo Bambusa oldhamii

Three Bo beta fruct cDNAs encoding acid invertases were cloned from shoots of the green bamboo Bambusa oldhamii. On the basis of the amino acid sequences of their products and phylogenetic analyses, Bo beta fruct1 and Bo beta fruct2 were determined to encode cell wall invertases, whereas Bo beta fruct3encodes a vacuolar invertase. The recombinant proteins encoded by Bo beta fruct2 and Bo beta fruct3 were produced in Pichia pastoris and purified to near homogeneity using ammonium sulfate fractionation and immobilized metal affinity chromatography. The pH optima, pI values, and substrate specificities of the isolated enzymes were consistent with those of plant cell wall or vacuolar invertases. The growth-dependent expression of Bo beta fruct1 and Bo beta fruct2 in the base regions of shoots underscores their roles in sucrose unloading and providing substrates for shoot growth. Its high sucrose affinity suggests that the Bo beta fruct2-encoded enzyme is important for maintaining the sucrose gradient between source and sink organs, while the predominant expression of Bo beta fruct3 in regions of active cell differentiation and expansion suggests functions in osmoregulation and cell enlargement.