维生素E缺乏致雏鸡脾脏淋巴细胞凋亡

用低维生素E(VE)和添加不饱和脂肪酸的日粮饲喂雏鸡建立VE缺乏雏鸡模型.采用吖啶橙和溴化乙锭双荧光染色法及透射电镜,观察雏鸡脾脏淋巴细胞凋亡的形态学变化和超微结构变化;用DNA片段化定量分析及琼脂糖凝胶电泳法检测雏鸡脾脏凋亡淋巴细胞DNA的损伤.结果,VE缺乏雏鸡脾脏淋巴细胞的形态和超微结构均发生了凋亡变化,出现典型的DNA梯形带.DNA片段化的程度明显也高于对照组,组间差异极显著(P<0.01).表明VE缺乏可致雏鸡脾脏淋巴细胞凋亡.     

维生素E缺乏对雏鸡红细胞膜蛋白组分的影响

用低维生素E和添加不饱和脂肪酸的日粮饲喂雏鸡,建立维生素E缺乏实验动物模型。采用SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳法检测雏鸡红细胞膜蛋白组分变化。结果表明:维生素E缺乏组雏鸡红细胞膜蛋白带Ⅰ、Ⅱ含量高于对照组,带Ⅲ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ含量低于对照组,组间差异显著或极显著,带Ⅳ无显著变化。提示VE对维持雏鸡红细胞膜结构起重要作用。     

维生素E缺乏对雏鸡淋巴细胞膜抗氧化及膜流动性的影响

用低维生素E（VE）和添加不饱和脂肪酸的日粮饲喂雏鸡，建立VE缺乏雏鸡模型。分离全血淋巴细胞并制备细胞膜，检测淋巴细胞膜超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力及丙二醛(MDA)含量；采用荧光偏振法检测淋巴细胞膜流动性。结果表明，VE缺乏雏鸡淋巴细胞膜SOD和GSH-Px活力及膜流动性低于对照组，MDA含量高于对照组，组间差异显著或极显著 (P<0.05、P<0.01)。说明VE对维持雏鸡淋巴细胞膜功能起重要作用。     

维生素E缺乏对雏鸡脾脏淋巴细胞Caspase-3活性及Caspase-3mRNA表达的影响

用低维生素E(VE)和添加不饱和脂肪酸的日粮饲喂雏鸡建立VE缺乏雏鸡模型,采用比色法和半定量RT-PCR法分别检测脾脏淋巴细胞Caspase-3活性及Caspase-3 mRNA的表达水平。结果显示,VE缺乏组雏鸡脾脏淋巴细胞Caspase-3活性和Caspase-3 mRNA丰度高于对照组,组间差异均极显著(P<0.01)。结果表明,Caspase-3活性及Caspase-3 mRNA丰度的改变,是VE缺乏雏鸡脾脏淋巴细胞凋亡的调控机制之一。     

雏鸡脑软化症免疫功能的研究

用人工复制VE缺乏症患病雏鸡模型 ,研究脑软化症患雏血液白细胞数 (WBC)、T淋巴细胞酸性非特异性α -醋酸荼脂酶 (ANAE )、血清IgG含量J及新城疫血凝抑制抗体滴度 (HI)的变化。结果表明 ,患雏的WBC数、T淋巴细胞ANAE 、血清IgG含量及新城疫血凝抑制抗体滴度 (HI)明显低于健康对照组雏鸡。上述结果说明 ,VE缺乏对雏鸡免疫功能有明显的抑制作用     

雏鸡脑软化症细胞免疫功能变化的研究

以1日龄海兰蛋鸡为试验动物，用低VE水平且添加鱼油日粮饲喂雏鸡，复制脑软化症动物模型，研究脑软化症雏鸡血液白细胞数（WBC）、T淋巴细胞总数、T淋巴细胞酸性非特异性α-醋酸萘脂酶（ANAE+）及血清白介素-1β和白介素-2含量的变化。结果表明，患雏的WBC数、ANAE+T淋巴细胞总数、血清白介素含量均明显低于健康对照组雏鸡。结果说明，VE缺乏对雏鸡细胞免疫功能有明显的抑制作用。     

维生素E缺乏对雏鸡红细胞膜磷脂及流动性的影响

用低维生素E和添加不饱和脂肪酸的日粮饲喂雏鸡,建立VE缺乏实验动物模型,采用荧光偏振法检测红细胞膜流动性,高效薄层层析法检测红细胞膜组分。结果表明,VE缺乏组雏鸡红细胞膜磷脂酰胆碱(PC)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)含量降低,神经鞘磷脂(SM)、磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)含量升高,膜流动性下降,组间差异显著或极显著(P<0.05,P<0.01)。提示VE对维持雏鸡红细胞膜结构和功能起重要作用。     

VE缺乏对雏鸡脑组织的氧化状态及神经细胞凋亡的影响

采用低VE和添加不饱和脂肪酸的日粮饲喂1日龄雏鸡，建立了VE缺乏实验动物模型。检测其脑组织(大脑和小脑)中丙二醛和活性氧的含量及神经细胞凋亡的数量，并进行了相关性分析。结果表明，VE缺乏雏鸡脑组织中的丙二醛和活性氧含量及神经细胞凋亡的数量显著高于健康对照组(P＜0．05)，细胞凋亡的数量与大、小脑组织中丙二醛和活性氧含量呈显著的相关性(相关系数分别为0．7502、0．8155和0．8170、0．6931)，说明VE缺乏雏鸡脑组织处于氧化应激状态，并可诱导脑神经细胞凋亡。     

维生素E缺乏对雏鸡红细胞抗氧化性能及G-6-PD活性的影响

正常生理情况下,体内自由基产生与清除处动态平衡状态,不会损伤机体.但在病理及抗氧化酶发生改变和破坏时,会导致氧自由基对机体造成损害.VE是脂溶性抗氧化剂,存在于生物膜及脂蛋白上,与脂氧自由基或脂过氧自由基反应,中断脂质过氧化链式反应,保护细胞膜结构,使细胞及组织器官发挥正常功能[1].有关VE缺乏对雏鸡红细胞抗氧化方面的研究未见有文献报道.本研究通过建立VE缺乏雏鸡模型,检测雏鸡红细胞SOD、CAT和G-6-PD活性及MDA和H2O2含量的变化,旨在探讨VE缺乏对雏鸡红细胞氧化与抗氧化状态的影响,为揭示VE缺乏对雏鸡红细胞的损伤机制提供依据. ……     

紫锥菊、黄芪对感染IBDV雏鸡胸腺、小肠中CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞动态分布的影响

将14日龄雏鸡随机分为3组,A组灌服1 mL的紫锥萄、黄芪合荆,B、C组灌服生理盐水,连续灌服7 d.21日龄时A、B组雏鸡接种传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV),用免疫组化法观察雏鸡胸腺、小肠中CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞动态分布的变化.结果表明,用药组和攻毒对照组相比较,CD4+T淋巴细胞差异显著(P<0.05),但是CD8+T淋巴细胞差异不显著(P>0.05),与空白对照组相比CD4+淋巴细胞显著增多.胸腺、小肠中24日龄时CD4+、CD8+T细胞数量较其他日龄差异显著(P<0.05).总试验期胸腺中CD4+、CD8+含量是所测总数的60%.表明紫锥菊、黄芪对机体免疫有显著增强作用,以胸腺中CD4+、CD8+含量多于小肠,能显著降低IBDV对机体造成的损伤.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.