Blood Pressure Measurements in the Anesthetized Horse Comparison of Four Methods

Arterial blood pressure values in anesthetized horses were determined by one direct and two indirect methods and compared to control values obtained simultaneously by direct measurement with a strain gauge. Results of all three techniques differed significantly from control arterial pressure; the values obtained using an aneroid manometer and electronic sphygmomanometer were slightly less than control pressure, and values obtained by auscultation were greater than control. The direct method with the aneroid manometer was most acceptable because of its accuracy, ease of operation, adaptability, and cost. The electronic sphygmomanometer was also acceptable because of its accuracy and ease of operation. The auscultation technique was not as accurate as the other methods but can be used clinically if its limitations are considered.     

Dorsal Laminectomy in the Horse II. Evaluation in the Normal Horse

Subtotal dorsal cervical laminectomy was performed on nine normal horses to evaluate positioning, refine the surgical technique, and assess the immediate and long-term effects of this procedure in the horse. Funkquist type B laminectomies were performed at various levels from C3-C4 to C6-C7. Absorbable gelatin sponge or autogenous nuchal fat was placed over the exposed dura mater. Surgery times varied from 2 to 3 hours, and all horses recovered without complication. Rapid primary intention wound healing occurred, with two horses showing neck pain. All remained neurologically normal. The horses were euthanized 6 weeks, 3 months, or 6 months postoperatively. Myelograms performed just prior to euthanasia demonstrated normal or expanded dye column widths. Necropsy revealed that all surgical sites had healed well. The laminectomy membrane was soft and pliable and could be easily separated from the underlying dura mater when fat was used as interpositional material. When gelatin sponge was used, the laminectomy membrane was firmly bonded to the dura. Spinal cords at the level of laminectomy appeared normal and moved freely within the vertebral canal. Histological evaluation of the laminectomy sites and associated spinal cord revealed no abnormalities attributable to the surgery. It was concluded that dorsal cervical laminectomy can be performed in horses without untoward sequelae. The procedure may be useful for the treatment of equine cervical compressive myelopathies.     

四种活体染色法评定家禽精子形态的研究

精子形态学检测是预测精子功能最有价值的指标之一,形态异常精子越多受精率越低。用4种伊红-苯胺黑活体染色法(Blom、Bakst、Morisson、Jaskowski)评价三黄鸡和贵妃鸡的精子形态,结果表明:染色方法显著影响精子形态,但不影响精子活率,染液对精子自然形态的保持至关重要。Blom染色法导致精子头部膨胀,畸形精子显著增多(P≤0.01),Bakst、Morisson和Jaskowski染色法均可作为评定家禽精子形态的实用方法,其中Jaskowski染色方法最简便经济,值得在家禽生产中推广应用。     

Clinical Evaluation of Methods of Treatment

Veterinary clinicians can make a significant contribution to the knowledge of the practical value of using alternative treatment methods by conducting clinical trials. By following a logical sequence of steps the clinician can design and participate in a clinical trial in his clinic without interfering with his normal practice. The successive stages of a field trial were presented along with an example to demonstrate the application of the principles involved. These stages are: design and planning, implementation, collection of data, and analysis of data.

The veterinary clinician who initiates clinical trials to answer questions plaguing him provides two services to the veterinary profession. First, he helps answer questions facing private practitioners throughout the profession. Second, he can demonstrate that not all research must be done in a laboratory setting isolated from “real world” complications. Seeing the results that can be derived from individual practicing veterinarians participating in clinical trials should act as a stimulus to other veterinarians to logically organize the data coming from their practices.

     

牛结核病污染场4种检测方法评估

为寻找最适合牛结核病污染场的检测方法,加快牛结核病净化,采用牛结核菌素(PPD)皮内变态反应试验(TST)、比较皮内变态反应试验(SICTT)、牛结核病ELISA-γ-干扰素试验(IFN-γ-ELISA)、牛结核病抗体ELISA试验4种方法,对某结核病污染牛场300头奶牛进行检测,并以TST为参考标准,对不同检测方法的检测结果进行对比分析。结果显示,这4种方法中,IFN-γ-ELISA的阳性检出率最高,与TST相比,差异显著(P0.05),而其他方法的阳性检出率均低于TST。结果表明,IFN-γ-ELISA方法的检测敏感性较高,在牛结核病污染场净化初期使用,可以尽量避免阳性牛漏检,从而加快牛结核病净化进程。     

Electrochemotherapy for the Treatment of Multiple Melanomas in a Horse

A 22-year-old Camargue mare was referred for showing signs of discomfort during chewing, building up of food in the mouth, and foul odor from the mouth. On physical examination, the mare presented bilateral pigmented labial masses affecting the upper and lower lips, more in the form of plaques at the mucocutaneous junction as well as multiple perivulvar and perianal lumps. The skin lesions were biopsied for histopathologic examination and the clinical suspect of melanoma was confirmed. The owner elected the lesions to be treated with electrochemotherapy using the drug cisplatin. After two sessions, the nodules were shrunk by 50% and the horse’s ability to feed normally was restored: at that time, the owner had the treatment discontinued because of financial issues. The horse is still in partial remission after 1 year from the end of the treatment. Electrochemotherapy can be successfully used to palliate large melanomas in horses.     

Leaf Extract of Aerva javanica Suppresses Excessive Growth of Granulation Tissue in Horses

Wound healing in horses is complicated by the excessive growth of granulation tissue, commonly known as proud flesh and is similar to keloids in human beings. At present, there is no satisfactory treatment for proud flesh in horses. In this study, we, for the first time, demonstrated that leaf extract of Aerva javanica suppresses excessive growth of granulation tissue in horses. Many plant flavonoids are claimed to have antiproliferative properties. Kaempferol is a natural flavonoid containing 3-hydroxy flavone backbone found in many plants in its aglycone form and attached with various sugars. Ecdysteroids are steroidal analogs of invertebrate steroidal hormones found in plants. Both flavonoids and ecdysteroids accumulate more in plants during abiotic stress. We hypothesized that Aerva javanica may have high levels of ecdysteroids and kaempferols for surviving in stressful conditions of desert. Those kaempferols may suppress the growth of granulation tissue by their antiangiogenesis property. Ecdysteroids may control the larvae of habronema if associated with proud flesh. Extract was prepared using solvent-based fractionation and silica gel column flash chromatography. Application of the leaf extract in horses suppressed growth of granulation tissue along with restoration of normal skin function. Various purification steps and mass spectrometry were used to identify the active components in the study.     

Electrosurgical Arthrotomy and Excision of Soft Tissue Masses in the Metacarpophalangeal Joint of the Horse

Electrosurgical arthrotomy and excision of infra-articular soft tissue masses from the metacarpophalangeal joint was performed in 12 horses. In six of the 12 horses, osteochondral fragments from the dorsoproximal aspects of the first phalanx were also removed. The electrosurgical scalpel afforded excellent intraoperative efficacy for arthrotomy and relatively bloodless excision of soft tissue masses without the need for a tourniquet. There were no complications associated with healing in 11 of the 12 horses. A retraction technique that used careful positioning of a Langenbeck periosteal elevator relative to the collateral ligaments provided access to both medial and lateral margins of intra-articular masses. With this technique, all masses could be removed through one central arthrotomy incision.     

利用微卫星标记对蒙古马和纯血马遗传多样性的研究

通过13个微卫星座位对蒙古马和纯血马两大品种的60匹马进行了遗传检测。用8％非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离PCR扩增产物，并用银染法显色。通过软件计算了各微卫星座位的等位基因频率、有效等位基因数(Ne)、多态信息含量(PIC)和杂合度(H)。结果13个座位中UCDEQ440变异最大，TKY16变异最小；纯血马的Ne、PIC和H的平均值均稍高于蒙古马；总群体的平均遗传分化系数是0．0429。这些研究将为今后我国培育优良品种马提供思路。     

Surgical Treatment of Complicated Fractures of the Splint Bones in the Horse

The clinical signs, diagnosis, surgical treatment, and postoperative results in 8 horses with comminuted or open fractures of the splint bone are described. Surgical therapy was chosen to hasten the convalescent period, prevent large callus formation, improve cosmetic appearance, and, in open fractures, for aggressive wound management. Four horses used for nonracing purposes had full recovery following surgery. Two of four racehorses had residual lameness after surgery. Three of four racehorses eventually raced with decreased performance.     

四种方法治疗耕牛胎衣不下的疗效对比

为提高耕牛胎衣不下的治愈率,对四种治疗耕牛胎衣不下方法的疗效进行了研究比对。自2008年1月至2011年12月,在九台市上河湾镇畜牧兽医站治疗耕牛胎衣不下42例,按年份分为四组,分别采用生化汤加味内服、电针加肌注缩宫素、生化汤加味内服加电针及肌注缩宫素的治疗方法。结果显示,生化汤加味组治愈率为81．82％,电针加缩宫素组70％;生化汤加味加电针组91．67％;缩宫素组55．56％。试验表明,采用生化汤加味内服配合电针治疗耕牛胎衣不下的疗效高于其他三种方法,可供临床使用。     

Mandibular Adamantinoma in a Horse Radical Surgical Treatment

An 11-year-old, throughbred stallion was examined for a small, firm swelling on the right mandible. During the following 4 weeks, the swelling markedly increased in size. An adamantinoma was diagnosed on histopathologic examination. Surgical treatment was "enblock" resection of the tumor and associated mandible, cryosurgery, and stabilization with both internal and external orthopedic fixation devices. The horse recovered from surgery, and for the past year has been a useful breeding stallion.     

Treatment of Coccidioidomycosis Osteomyelitis with ltraconazole in a Horse

Itraconazole, a tricyclic azole effective against a number of deep mycotic diseases, was used to treat a Quarter Horse filly with coccidioidomycosis. The horse was almost normal after 90 days of treatment. Five months after discontinuing itraconazole treatment, the filly had severe neck pain and neurologic signs from recurrence of coccidioidomycosis and was treated with itraconazole for an additional 6 months. Her clinical condition improved to almost normal and the filly has remained normal for 2 years. There was no evidence of drug toxicity.     

蒙古马肠道细菌总DNA提取方法的比较

本试验采集蒙古马新鲜粪便样品,采用酚－氯仿抽提法和2种细菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒法进行样品中细菌基因组DNA的提取。通过DNA浓度和纯度的测定,并将其作为模板扩增细菌16S rDNA V3区特异性片段对提取效果进行比较,从而找出更适合蒙古马粪便中细菌基因组DNA的提取方法。结果显示,3种提取方法得到的基因组DNA均能用于PCR扩增的模板,其中B试剂盒法提取的DNA数量较多,且纯度高,更适合用于提取蒙古马肠道微生物细菌基因组DNA及后续的蒙古马肠道微生物多样性等分子生物学试验。