不同施氮下优质稻植株花后碳氮物质流转与籽粒生长的相关性

以桂华占、八桂香为材料,在高氮(NH,High nitrogen)、中氮(NM,Middle nitrogen)、低氮(NL,Low nitrogen)三个施氮水平下,研究了优质稻花后碳氮物质积累、运转与籽粒生长特征及其相互的关系。结果表明:①在不同施氮水平下,干物质转运效率为53.60%～62.23%,氮素转运效率为12.33%～37.95%,茎鞘和叶片干物质转运对籽粒干物质积累的贡献率为12.33%～37.95%,茎鞘和叶片氮素转运对籽粒氮素积累贡献率为47.93%～117.2%。②施氮水平影响桂华占和八桂香花后碳氮流转及籽粒的生长。高氮条件下增加叶片碳氮同化物的转运,不利于茎鞘碳氮同化物向籽粒转运。增施氮肥在一定程度上提高了地上总氮和籽粒氮的积累量,提高了籽粒氮收获指数,蛋白质含量上升。低氮处理虽能促进茎鞘碳氮同化物的转运率,但籽粒收获指数明显变低。③不同施氮水平下,桂华占和八桂香花后碳氮流转与籽粒的生长间存在密切的相关,花后茎叶干物质运转速度和转运率都与籽粒起始灌浆势呈正相关;籽粒最大灌浆速率与叶干物质运转速度和转运率呈正相关;叶片中总氮转运率与籽粒蛋白质产量呈正相关。花后茎叶氮素积累量的减少,伴随着籽粒氮素积累量的增加和籽粒蛋白质含量的升高是同步的;茎鞘花后同化物碳氮比与籽粒蛋白质含量及产量呈正相关,与籽粒直链淀粉含量及淀粉、蛋白质比呈负相关。不同施氮水平下氮素转运效率和贡献率表现出一定差异,这种差异与水稻植株自身对氮生理利用效率密切相关。     

不同类型专用小麦叶、茎、粒可溶性糖变化与淀粉含量的关系

 比较了3种类型专用小麦（强筋小麦郑麦9023、中筋小麦温麦4号和弱筋小麦豫麦50）在籽粒灌浆过程中旗叶、倒一茎节、倒二三茎节、倒四五节茎节、叶鞘中可溶性总糖和蔗糖含量及籽粒中可溶性总糖、淀粉含量的变化。结果表明，在灌浆过程中，中筋小麦温麦4号和弱筋小麦豫麦50旗叶中可溶性总糖、蔗糖、SS和SPS活性均高于强筋小麦郑麦9023，温麦4号略高于豫麦50。SS和SPS活性峰值出现时间早于可溶性总糖和蔗糖。在花后12 d至成熟期间，豫麦50籽粒中可溶性总糖含量最高,温麦4号次之，郑麦9023最低；豫麦50淀粉含量显著高于温麦4号和郑麦9023，灌浆后期的ADPP活性也高于温麦4号和郑麦9023。相关分析表明，开花后18 d至成熟期茎中可溶性总糖含量与籽粒淀粉含量之间呈极显著负相关，而叶片中可溶性总糖、叶片中蔗糖、籽粒中可溶性总糖与籽粒淀粉积累速率呈显著或极显著正相关。茎鞘可溶性总糖含量对籽粒淀粉的贡献率存在基因型差异：豫麦50和郑麦9023以倒二、三节间最大，而温麦4号则以倒四、五节间最大。     

Study on Nitrogen Distribution in Leaf, Stem and Sheath at Different Layers in Winter Wheat Canopy and Their Influence on Grain Quality

Vertical distribution of nitrogen in wheat canopy, nitrogen remobilization and their influence on grain quality of winter wheat were studied. Two winter wheat cultivars, Jingdong8, a common cultivar, and Zhongyou9507, a high quality cultivar, were selected. Leaf nitrogen showed an obvious decreasing trend from the canopy top to the ground surface for all treatments in growth duration. There was no apparent vertical nitrogen gradient in stem and sheath of Zhongyou9507 compared with Jingdong8. Zhongyou9507 had more nitrogen remobilization from leaf, stem and sheath than Jingdong8 from middle grain filling to waxening, especially the nitrogen remobilization amount in stem and sheath, which was higher than that in Jingdong8 during growth duration. Higher vertical nitrogen gradients in Jingdong8 at anthesis had disadvantages on its grain quality. But higher vertical nitrogen gradients between middle and lower layers of Jingdong8 at grain filling stage enhanced its grain quality. Higher vertical nitrogen gradients in upper layer at anthesis and upper layer leaf and middle layer stem and sheath at grain filling stage had advantages on protein accumulation in grain of Zhongyou9507. There were positive correlations between foliar nitrogen remobilization amount and grain quality at later growth stage for the two cultivars. There was a positive correlation between quality of Jingdong8 and stem and sheath nitrogen remobilization amount from anthesis to early grain filling, and that of Zhongyou9507 emerged from anthesis to early grain filling and from middle grain filling to waxening. Contribution of leaf nitrogen to the quality of Jingdong8 was larger than nitrogen from stem and sheath. High protein content of Zhongyou9507 was attributed to the nitrogen condition in its leaf, stem and sheath. Nitrogen in stem and sheath played a more important role on the grain quality of Zhongyou9507 than on that of Jingdong8.     

春小麦灌浆期含糖量的变化对幼胚退化率的影响

为明确小麦幼胚形成后叶、旗叶和茎秆含糖量的变化对小麦幼胚退化率的影响,以穗粒数显著差异的5个小麦品种为材料,测定幼胚形成至籽粒发育至乳熟期过程中,茎秆、叶片和旗叶的可溶性总糖、蔗糖和果糖含量.结果表明,幼胚形成至乳熟期,茎秆和叶片中可溶性总糖和蔗糖的变化量以及旗叶的蔗糖和果糖的变化量,与幼胚退化率有关系,幼胚退化率低的...     

灌浆期亏缺灌溉对水稻产量形成的影响

【目的】探明抗旱性不同的单片段代换系（single segment substitution line,SSSL）水稻与其受体亲本在灌浆期亏缺灌溉条件下茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物的降解、运转及籽粒充实过程中相关酶活性的变化。【方法】以介入巴西陆稻IAPAR9抗性基因片段的单片段代换系W27-3-5-2-4-3-3-5-7和受体亲本华粳籼74为材料,利用水平分根系统在水稻花后7 d设置全根水层（两个分隔室内均保持浅水层,W/W）、半根水分亏缺（一个分隔室内保持浅水层,另一个分隔室内土壤水分控制在-30--40 kPa,W/D）、全根水分亏缺（两个分隔室内土壤水分均控制在-30--40 kPa,D/D）3种土壤水分处理,研究花后7 d不同土壤水分亏缺对抗旱性不同的单片段代换系及其受体亲本的产量和构成的影响。【结果】与W/W相比,D/D处理下茎鞘和籽粒内源ABA含量显著增加,灌浆中后期水稻剑叶的相对含水量、SPAD值及光合速率明显降低,水稻茎鞘中α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶活性有所增加,但是其蔗糖合酶（sucrose synthase,SS）的活性却显著降低。D/D处理下籽粒SS、酸性蔗糖转化酶（acid invertase,AINV）、可溶性淀粉合酶（soluble starch synthase,SSS）和Q酶活性在灌浆前中期也明显降低。然而,W/D处理下茎鞘和籽粒内源ABA有所增加,但与W/W差异不显著。W/D处理对水稻剑叶的相对含水量、SPAD值、光合速率无显著影响,但对灌浆前中期籽粒SS、AINV、SSS和Q酶活性却有显著影响,使得灌浆前中期籽粒SS、AINV、SSS和Q酶活性显著上升。分析灌浆期亏缺灌溉下单片段代换系与受体亲本间差异,发现亏缺灌溉下代换系的茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物的运转率明显地高于华粳籼74,其籽粒灌浆充实过程中相关酶的活性、物质的动态变化及内源ABA含量等对水分亏缺响应较华粳籼74敏感,其产量在两种亏缺灌溉处理下降低不明显,表现出较强的抗旱性。【结论】灌浆期适度土壤水分亏缺可提高稻株各器官ABA含量,利于茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物的降解和输出,但对灌浆期功能叶的光合同化物的生产与积累无显著影响,因此产量在适度水分亏缺条件下不会显著降低。     

鼓粒期叶施激动素对绿豆各器官糖分积累及籽粒产量的影响

以"小明绿"绿豆为材料,采用大田随机区组试验方法,研究了鼓粒期叶施不同质量浓度激动素对绿豆各器官糖分积累及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明:1)激动素处理可以提高喷药后12d绿豆叶片叶绿素含量,30、15和7.5mg/L激动素喷施的叶片叶绿素含量较对照分别增加15.74%、7.01%和16.40%;2)激动素处理组能够减缓喷药后第22~27天叶片可溶性糖含量和蔗糖含量的下降,有效增加喷药后第22天叶片淀粉含量;喷药后第27天,30mg/L激动素的处理茎秆和根系可溶性糖输出量、茎秆和根系蔗糖含量、茎秆淀粉含量均高于其他质量浓度激动素和对照;在喷药后第22天茎秆中的淀粉含量以及喷药后第27天根系淀粉含量均以15mg/L激动素处理为最大;3)激动素处理组能够有效增加绿豆单株粒数,2年试验30、15和7.5mg/L激动素处理绿豆籽粒产量分别较对照平均提高18.23%、10.08%和5.67%。综合分析表明,鼓粒期喷施不同质量浓度激动素能够有效调控叶片叶绿素含量,促进鼓粒后期叶片、茎秆和根系糖分积累,最终提高绿豆籽粒产量。     

Effect of Nitrogen Applied Before Transplanting on NUE in Rice

Nitrogen （N） application before transplanting, where N fertilizers are applied in seedling-bed and carried to the paddy field with seedlings, is a novel method proposed in this article aiming for improving nitrogen utilization efficiency （NUE） in rice. The effect of this method on mineral N distribution in the rhizosphere soil was investigated in a field experiment with a japonica variety, Ningjing 2, in seasons of 2004 and 2005. There were four levels of N applied 16 h before transplanting： zero N （NO）, 207 kg ha^-1 （NL）, 310.5 kg ha^-1 （NM）, and 414 kg ha^-1 （NH）. The result indicated that N fertilizer before transplantation had positive effect of increasing mineral N content in the rhizosphere soil of rice. Generally, N content in the rhizosphere soil of rice tended to increase with the amount of N fertilizer before transplanting, with the NH treatment having the largest effect. Additionally, N fertilizer before transplanting had significant influence on rice NUE and grain yield. Compared with other treatments, the NM treatment showed the largest influence, with basal-tillering NUE, total NUE, and grain yield being 15%, 12%, and 529.5 kg ha^-1 higher than those of NO treatment. This result indicated that N fertilizer before transplantation had positive effect on mineral N distribution in the rhizosphere soil of rice, thus improving NUE and grain yield.     

水分胁迫对水稻籽粒灌浆及淀粉合成有关酶活性的影响

 【目的】探索不同水稻抗旱品种在水分胁迫条件下籽粒灌浆特性及有关淀粉酶活性的变化规律。【方法】选用抗旱性不同的3个杂交水稻品种,分别在正常供水和水分胁迫条件下,研究水稻茎鞘物质运转、籽粒灌浆和淀粉合成有关酶活性。【结果】水分胁迫下,抽穗期和成熟期茎鞘干物重以及抽穗后茎鞘物质输出量、输出率、转化率均下降;籽粒生长潜势、最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率降低,籽粒生长活跃期缩短,各品种达最大灌浆速率的时间提前;籽粒灌浆过程中可溶性淀粉合成酶（SSS）、Q酶和ADPG焦磷酸化酶3种酶活性都不同程度的被抑制。各性状抗旱性强的品种均比抗旱性弱的品种减少的幅度小。抽穗期茎鞘干物重、抽穗后茎鞘干物质输出量、输出率和转化率均与籽粒产量呈显著或极显著正相关。【结论】在水分胁迫下抗旱性强的品种具有较高的茎鞘物质输出率和转化率、籽粒灌浆速率及淀粉合成有关酶活性,是产量降低较少的生理基础。     

两种筋力型小麦叶、粒可溶性糖含量及与籽粒淀粉积累的关系

在大田条件下,研究了豫麦34号和豫麦5 0号2种筋力型小麦品种灌浆期旗叶、籽粒可溶性糖含量、淀粉积累速率及粒重的变化。结果表明,小麦旗叶可溶性总糖和蔗糖含量在开花后30d出现高峰,籽粒可溶性总糖和蔗糖含量在灌浆期呈一致的下降趋势,可溶性糖含量变化与籽粒淀粉积累和粒重关系密切。强筋型品种豫麦34号较弱筋型品种豫麦5 0号灌浆期旗叶具有较强的营养物质外运能力,籽粒同样具有很强的转化利用同化物的能力,致使豫麦34号最终的总淀粉含量较高,支链淀粉含量也明显高于豫麦5 0号,粒重达到较高水平。     

Effects of Panicle Nitrogen Fertilization on Non-Structural Carbohydrate and Grain Filling in Indica Rice

Grain filling, a crucial stage of grain yield formation in rice, is usually affected by the panicle nitrogen （N） fertilization. Field and pot culture experiments were conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms of N effect. Two rice cultivars with high lodging resistance were grown in the field and pot. Four panicle N fertilization treatments were conducted in 2006 and repeated in 2007. The result showed that medium level of panicle N fertilization treatment （NM） enhanced the accumulation and translocation of non-structural carbohydrate （NSC） in the stem and sheath. Compared with non-nitrogen treatment （NO）, NM promoted the translocation of labeled ^13C from stem and sheath to grain. But, low level of panicle N fertilization treatment （NL） and high level of panicle N fertilization treatment （NH） showed the negative effect. The endosperm cell, grain length, and grain width of NM increased more quickly than that of NO from 4 to 10 d after anthesis. During the early period of grain filling, sucrose-phosphate synthase （EC 2.4.1.14, SPS） activity were significantly higher for the NM treatment than those of the NL and NH treatments. Sucrose synthase （EC 2.4.1.13, SuSase） activity in the grains was substantially enhanced by NM, with the duration of higher activity being longer than those of the other treatments. At maturing stage, NM significantly increased the filled grain number, the seed-setting rate, and the grain weight compared with NL and NH. The results suggest that NM have a positive effect on the activities of enzymes of physiological importance, thereby increasing the grain size and promoting grain filling.     

结实期土壤水分与氮素营养对水稻产量与米质的影响

以汕优63和武育粳3号为材料，研究结实期水分胁迫和氮素营养对水稻产量和米质的影响。结果表明：水分胁迫处理的叶片水势在白天明显低于对照(非胁迫处理)，但早晨和傍晚的叶片水势在2种处理间无明显差异，说明胁迫处理植株的叶片水势在晚间得到恢复。水分胁迫处理叶片的叶绿素含量和光合速率明显降低，植株衰老加快，而抽穗期施用氮肥处理植株衰老延缓。水分胁迫处理促进了茎鞘储存的非结构性碳水化合物(可溶性糖和淀粉)的输出。产量以及大多数米质指标在土壤水分胁迫与非胁迫处理澡无明显差异，抽穗期施用氮肥可显著提高产量。     

产量15 000 kgha-1以上夏玉米灌浆期间的光合特性

 【目的】探讨产量15 000 kgha-1以上夏玉米籽粒灌浆期的光合特性及其与产量形成的关系。【方法】在多年高产试验基础上，选用3个具有高产潜力的玉米杂交种，采用78 000株/ha的密度大田种植。以地上生物量及其分配、果穗叶的光合特征参数来评价产量15 000 kgha-1以上的夏玉米光合生理活性；以Richards模型拟合籽粒灌浆过程。【结果】3个玉米杂交种均可实现15 000 kgha-1以上的高产，以先玉335（XY335）产量最高。对籽粒产量形成的Richards解析表明，籽粒灌浆启动快且高灌浆速率持续时间和生长活跃期（50 d以上）长的杂交种更容易实现高产。产量15 000 kgha-1以上3个杂交种表现出灌浆前期净光合速率、PEPCase活性和RuBPCase活性较高，后期净光合速率、叶面积指数和可溶性蛋白含量下降缓慢的特点，整个灌浆期间叶绿素a/b比值始终较高。3个杂交种中XY 335叶片光合生理活性最高，净光合速率和叶面积的高值持续期分别达50 d和60 d以上。【结论】在玉米高产高密度栽培条件下，重视叶片的光合生理活性的改善可提高光能利用效率，维持较高灌浆速率和较长活跃生长期，实现15 000 kgha-1以上的高产目标。     

窄行稀条播对小麦干物质积累及运转的影响

通过窄行稀条播与常规条播2种栽培方式,对山农9801和山农9-1这2个小麦品种单株的干物质积累及运转规律进行了研究。结果表明,采用窄行稀条播方式能增加小麦的叶质量、茎鞘质量,提高花后小麦营养器官及各节间的干物质运转量、干物质运转率及转运干物质对籽粒的贡献率;窄行稀条播下,山农9801的干物质积累量多于山农9-1,但干物质转化量、转化率及贡献率均低于山农9-1。     

Effects of Ridge-Mulching with Plastic Sheets for Rainwater-Harvesting Cultivation on WUE and Yield of Winter Wheat

A field experiment was conducted in a manural loesial soil in middle of Shaanxi Province of China, a sub-humid area prone to drought, to study the effects of rainwater-harvesting cultivation on water use efficiency (WUE) and yield of winter wheat. Ridge-furrow tillage was used, the ridge being mulched by plastic sheets for rainwater harvesting while seeding in the furrows. Results showed that from sowing to reviving stage of winter wheat, water stored in 0-100 cm layer was significantly decreased whereas that in 100-200 cm layer did not change. Compared to the non-mulching, plastic mulch retained 6.5 mm more water as an average of the two N rate treatments, having a certain effect on conservation of soil moisture. In contrast, at harvest, water was remarkably reduced in both the 0-100 cm and the 100-200 cm layers, and mulched plots consumed 34.8 mm more water as an average of the two treatments: low N rate (75 kg N ha-1) with low plant density (2 300 000 plants ha-1) and high N rate (225 kg N ha-1)with high plant density (2 800 000 plants ha-1), in 0-200 cm layer than those without mulching, the former being beneficial to plants in utilization of deep layer water. Mulching was significant in harvesting water and in increase of yield. Mulched with plastic sheets, biological and grain yields were 22.5 and 22.6% higher for the average of the high N rate than for the low N rate, and the high N rate with low plant density was 29.8 and 29.1% higher in both biological and grain yields than that of the low N rate with low plant density. With high N rate and high plant density, the mulched biological and grain yields were 39.5 and 28.9% higher than the corresponding treatments without mulching. Of the treatments, that with high N rate and low plant density was the highest in both biological and grain yields, and the water use efficiency reached 43.7 kgmm-1 ha-1 for biological yield and 22 kg mm-1 ha-1 for grain yield, being the highest WUE reported in the world up to now.     

不同基因型冬小麦穗粒数与粒重生理差异分析

为分析不同穗型冬小麦籽粒建成的生理差异,以大穗基因型(JS)、小穗基因型(XS)和中穗基因型(JM22)冬小麦品种为材料,测定籽粒形成期和灌浆期器官干物质积累、蔗糖含量和蔗糖相关代谢酶活性、籽粒灌浆特性以及成熟期穗粒数和粒重等指标.结果表明:1)冬小麦穗粒数和粒重基因型间差异显著;2)大穗基因型冬小麦从四分体时期到成熟...     

水分胁迫对不同抗旱性小麦品种光合特性及产量性状的影响

以河农859和豫麦49为材料,在不同水分处理下研究了2个品种功能叶的光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(TR)和产量性状。结果表明,在拔节期、灌浆前期和生育后期,各处理0～20cm、20～40cm土层分别处于不同程度的水分胁迫条件下,叶片Pn和TR一般以河农859的较高,且其叶片Pn和TR下降百分率均小于豫麦49。2个品种叶片的Pn和TR均以春季浇2水(拔节水+灌浆水)的S3处理具有优势。从产量性状分析,河农859籽粒产量明显高于豫麦49,其浇2水的S3处理比浇1水(拔节水)的S2处理增产,但差异不显著;而豫麦49S3处理的产量显著高于S2处理和S1处理(冻水+拔节水)。表明河农859抗旱性较强,有限供应的水分就能使其获得较高的产量,而豫麦49只有在供水充足的条件下才能发挥其高产潜力。     

弱光对冬小麦茎中果聚糖代谢的影响

以耐弱光性不同的冬小麦品种‘扬麦158’(耐弱光品种)和‘扬麦11’(不耐弱光品种)为材料,研究了拔节至成熟期遮光对小麦籽粒淀粉积累量、茎中花前贮存果聚糖转运以及果聚糖代谢关键酶活性的影响。结果表明:拔节至成熟期遮光降低了小麦茎中花前贮存果聚糖的转运量,提高了贮存果聚糖对小麦淀粉产量的贡献率。遮光降低了小麦灌浆前中期茎中蔗糖∶蔗糖果糖基转移酶(SST)和果聚糖∶果聚糖果糖基转移酶(FFT)活性,不利于果聚糖积累,从而导致茎中可溶性碳水化合物积累量下降。遮光条件下灌浆中后期小麦茎中果聚糖外水解酶(FEH)活性下降,分解果聚糖向外转运的能力降低,故向籽粒中转运的量下降,最终导致小麦籽粒淀粉积累量显著降低。遮光33%时小麦籽粒淀粉积累量的下降幅度大于遮光22%,且‘扬麦11’的下降幅度大于‘扬麦158’。     

结实期低土水势对水稻强弱势粒灌浆特性及主要米质性状的影响

以扬稻6号和武育粳3号为供试材料,研究了结实期-40kPa低土壤水势对水稻强、弱势粒灌浆特征和主要米质性状的影响,并分析了强弱势粒灌浆特征与稻米垩白之间的关系。结果表明:结实期低土水势对强弱势粒米质主要性状、米粉RVA谱、籽粒灌浆特征和物质的积累有着显著的影响,而且强弱势粒间存在明显的差异。低土水势下,强势粒的起始灌浆势R0增加,而弱势粒R0减小;强弱势粒达到最大灌浆速率的时间Tmax提前,活跃生长期缩短。水分胁迫下弱势粒中蔗糖、可溶性糖含量明显偏高,而淀粉积累明显缓慢。这表明低土水势下强势粒灌浆过快,弱势粒又易丧失对灌浆基质的转化能力,这种籽粒灌浆进程的异常和灌浆物质的分配变化,易形成垩白。低土水势下,强弱势粒米粒的整精米率降低,粗蛋白含量显著增加,米粉的RVA谱特征值发生明显的变化,米饭的食味变差,导致米质变劣。     

Regional Evaluation of Winter Rapeseed Response to K Fertilization, K Use Efficiency, and Critical Level of Soil K in the Yangtze River Valley

The investigation was carried out to study the response of winter rapeseed to potassium (K) feritlization and the critical soil available K level for current winter rapeseed production in the Yangtze River Valley (YRV) of China. A total of 132 field experiments were conducted in fields of farmers in the major winter rapeseed growing areas in YRV in 2000/2001 and 2004/ 2005 to 2006/2007 during growing season. Results of these field experiments showed that the average rapeseed yield increment resulting from 100 kg K ha-1 application was 358 kg ha-1, an increase over the control CK (no K) of 18.0% in 2005/ 2006 and 2006/2007. The average internal use efficiency (IE) of K was higher in the CK treatment (21.9 kg grain, kg-1 K uptake) than in the +K (100 kg K ha-1) treatment (17.7 kg grain, kg-1 K uptake). Winter rapeseed required 68.1 kg of K to produce 1 000 kg seed. The recovery efficiency of K fertilizer in rapeseed production averaged 39.3%. The K balance was negative, with an average net removal of 117.6 kg K ha-1 in the CK treatment annually, and 56.8 kg K ha-1 in the +K treatment. The results indicated that there was a significant negative relationship between yield increments by K application and soil available K content. Based on the relative yield of CK/+K at 90% level, the critical level of soil available K (NH4OAc-extractable K)was 135 mg kg-1.     

亚种间杂交稻不同冠层叶形组合产量差异及其形成机理

【目的】旨在明确稻麦两熟制地区超高产栽培条件下甬优系列籼粳杂交稻不同冠层叶形组合产量差异及其形成机理。【方法】2011-2012年,在长江下游稻麦两熟制地区（江苏常熟、扬州）选用甬优系列冠叶适中型组合A26/F9250、A16/F9250、甬优12、甬优13与冠叶过长型组合A43/F8585、A41/F8585、甬优15、甬优11为试验材料,在超高产栽培条件下,系统研究了二者产量构成因素特征、茎鞘物质积累与转运机制、叶片光合特性和强、弱势粒灌浆特性等方面的差异。【结果】（1）两年、两点的试验均表明,籼粳亚种间杂交稻冠叶适中型产量明显高于冠叶过长型组合,2011年常熟、2011年扬州、2012年常熟和2012年扬州冠叶适中型组合实际产量分别达11.62、11.98、12.51、和12.30 t•hm-2,较冠叶过长型组合分别增产8.85%、9.75%、9.60%和10.26%。与冠叶过长型组合相比,冠叶适中型组合有效穗数略多,每穗粒数明显多,群体颖花量大、饱粒千粒重小,最大库容重与冠叶过长型组合相当,但籽粒充实度明显高,说明冠叶适中型组合较冠叶过长型组合增产的主要原因为籽粒充实度的提高。（2）冠叶适中型组合抽穗期单茎茎鞘重、乳熟期单茎茎鞘重、抽穗至成熟期的茎鞘表观输出量、表观输出率和表观转运率低于冠叶过长型组合,但成熟期单茎茎鞘重、抽穗至乳熟期的最大输出量、最大输出率、最大转运率均高于冠叶过长型组合。说明冠叶适中型组合在结实期具有合理的茎鞘物质转运机制。（3）与冠叶特长型组合相比,冠叶适中型组合叶面积指数抽穗期稍低,乳熟期相当,成熟期明显高;净光合速率在抽穗期和乳熟期相当,在成熟期明显高;光合势在抽穗期至乳熟期相当,乳熟至成熟期明显高;叶面积衰减率和净光合速率衰减率在抽穗至乳熟期以及乳熟至成熟期均明显高。说明冠叶适中型组合结实后期光合生产具有优势。（4）与冠叶过长型组合相比,冠叶适中型组合强势粒起始生长势（R0）高、达到相对最大灌浆速率的时间（Tmax）推迟、活跃灌浆期（D）和有效灌浆时间（T99）延长,相对最大灌浆速率（RGRmax）和相对平均灌浆速率（RGRmean）略低,终极充实度（A）高;冠叶适中型组合弱势粒R0低,Tmax推迟,D和T99延长,RGRmax和RGRmean略高,A也明显高。【结论】在稻麦两熟制稻区超高产栽培条件下,甬优系列冠叶适中型组合具有明显的产量优势;结实期合理的茎鞘物质转运机制、较强的光合生产性能和平缓持久的灌浆特性是该类组合产量优势形成的主要生理基础。