内蒙古草原苜蓿盲蝽类昆虫资源的调查

本文对内蒙古草原的苜蓿盲蝽属昆虫资源进行了报导,在调查研究的基础上对该类害虫资源的生境及分布区做了较详细的阐述,并简要讨论了其为害情况。     

新疆苜蓿丛枝病病原研究

 新疆八一农学院朱懋顺教授1973年首先发现此病。他于1980年采来病株,经作者鉴定为苜蓿丛枝病。     

苜蓿田喷施高剂量吡虫啉对蜜蜂采集行为的影响

为研究在大田环境中喷施高剂量吡虫啉对蜜蜂采集行为的影响,在山西省太原市苜蓿田选择相互隔离的地块分别喷施推荐剂量、推荐剂量2倍及推荐剂量4倍的吡虫啉,检测吡虫啉在苜蓿花、叶中的残留情况,考察各处理区内蜜蜂采集、出归巢等情况。结果表明,吡虫啉在苜蓿叶中的降解速度高于在花中的降解速度,降解时间随施药剂量的升高而延长;当提高施药剂量后,蜜蜂在短期内死亡量增加,单花采集时间延长,采集效率降低,携粉归巢蜂量降低,随着药后时间的延长,不同剂量处理间的差距逐渐减小。     

五种杀虫剂对苜蓿种子田中主要害虫和传粉昆虫的影响

为筛选高效、低毒的杀虫剂，测定1.5%除虫菊素、0.3%印楝素、4%阿维·啶虫脒、2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯和70%吡虫啉5种杀虫剂对苜蓿种子田主要害虫牛角花齿蓟马Odontothrips loti和豌豆蚜Acyrthosiphon pisum的室内毒力和田间防效，并分析这5种药剂对主要传粉昆虫数量及多样性指数的影响。结果显示，0.3%印楝素对牛角花齿蓟马和豌豆蚜的毒力相对较高，LC₅₀分别为1.093 mg/L和2.864 mg/L。70%吡虫啉以及4%阿维·啶虫脒对牛角花齿蓟马和豌豆蚜均有较高的防效，最高防效均达到85.00%以上，但这2种药剂对传粉昆虫威胁较大，而0.3%印楝素则对传粉昆虫威胁较小。推荐花期苜蓿种子田使用0.3%印楝素1 000倍稀释液防控害虫，而非开花期可交替使用70%吡虫啉1 000倍稀释液和4%阿维·啶虫脒1 000倍稀释液防控害虫。     

浅谈昆虫年生活史研究

无论研究害虫或益虫,都要了解该虫在当地的年生活史.所谓年生活史,是指昆虫在一年中的状态周期变化.通过研究,可以获得该虫年发生的世代数、世代重叠和局部世代的情况、各世代、各虫态的发生期和历期、越冬虫态和历期以及滞育、休眠习性和情况.现在,综合有关的文献报道,结合作者的研究工作,浅谈昆虫生活史的研究方法、分析方法和存在问题,与同行研讨、磋商.1 昆虫生活史的研究方法一般来说,必须通过周年系统继代饲养、繁殖、观察、调查和记载,才有可能了解该虫在当地的年生活史.从饲养的方法可以分为:室内饲养法、室外饲养法、室内室外相结合的饲养法、田间系统调查结合室内     

昆虫的行为节律

本文主要阐述了昆虫中几种常见的行为节律和一些相关研究的进展情况,论述了各行为节律的作用机制及影响因素,有助于掌握昆虫种群的活动规律,为害虫防治提供重要依据。     

扎龙自然保护区传粉昆虫多样性及其行为学观察

[目的]为了分析扎龙国家级自然保护区内传粉昆虫与植物间的作用关系,了解传粉昆虫与生物多样性变化情况.[方法]通过线路循环调查法、样地调查法、定点植株观察法等对扎龙自然保护区的传粉昆虫多样性进行了采样调查,明确了传粉昆虫种类与分布特点,对生态学指标进行了分析,对部分昆虫的生物学特性、传粉频率与行为进行观察.[结果]此次研...     

生物胺在昆虫行为调控中的作用

生物胺是一类具有生物活性、相对分子质量低的含氮有机化合物的总称，广泛存在于动物体内。生物胺在动物体内可作为神经递质、神经调质或神经激素参与调控各项生命活动。该文主要综述昆虫体内的多巴胺、酪胺、章鱼胺、5-羟色胺和组胺5种生物胺的代谢和受体功能以及其所参与调控的昆虫取食、生殖、趋光、攻击格斗和社会性行为等重要行为，以期为昆虫行为学的研究提供借鉴，最终为基于昆虫行为调控的害虫绿色防控技术开发提供新思路。     

Diversity and Selectivity of Flower-visiting Insects in Xipu Forest Park

[Objective]This study was conducted to understand the species and quantity of flowervisiting insects in Xipu Forest Park,supplement the data of local flowervisiting insects,and fill the research gap of flowervisiting insects in the Lesser Hinggan Mountain.[Method]The methods of route survey and sample plot survey were used to investigate the community of flowervisiting insects,and the method of net catching was used to collect flowervisiting insects and record relevant data.[Results]A total of 1526 flowervisiting insects belonging to 79 species,27 families and 9 orders were found.Among them,Lepidoptera was the most,accounting for 40.51%,while Odonata,Mantodea,Hemiptera and Thysanoptera are the least.The results showed that the insect diversity index and insect dominance index were higher in the flower cultivation area,the insect evenness index was highest in the lawn area,and the flowervisiting insects in arbor area and flower shrub area were more similar.Rosaceae had the most flowervisiting insects,followed by Compositae,Cruciferae and Leguminosae.[Significance]The study provides scientific basis and data support for the rational development and utilization,biodiversity protection and sustainable development of forest parks.     

新疆棉花病虫害防治药剂剂型研发策略

棉花是我国重要的经济作物,也是受病虫害危害最严重的农作物之一。目前化学防治仍是棉田病虫害防治的重要技术。新疆棉区是我国最大的棉花主产区,气候类型属于典型的温带大陆性气候,具有光照充足、夏季高温干旱、多风、昼夜温差大等特殊气候特点,农药药液喷施过程中容易发生蒸发、飘移、降解等损失,严重影响药剂的防治效果。本文综述了温湿度、风、光照等环境因子对药剂防治效果的影响,以及国内外对提升药剂防治效果采取的调控措施,并结合新疆棉田的特殊气候条件提出了剂型研发的新策略。在提升产品理化稳定性的前提下,还需综合考虑有效成分的理化性质、棉花叶片的结构及润湿特性、施药器械等多种因素。结合农药学、植物保护学、界面化学、有机化学等多学科交叉理论知识指导,利用先进的技术和载体材料研发环境响应型、靶向高效的农药剂型,结合配套使用技术及措施,探索农药高效利用及减量调控途径,为实现农药减量增效、引领棉花产业绿色发展提供科技支撑。     

Sublethal exposure to neonicotinoids and related side effects on insect pollinators: honeybees,bumblebees, and solitary bees

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Nowadays, there are increasing concerns about the bioavailability of neonicotinoids in the environment and possible exposure of nontarget organisms to...     

新疆南部地区杏园蛀果害虫群落结构及防治药剂筛选

在杏园蛀果害虫发生期,通过室内饲养和田间诱捕研究了新疆南部地区杏园蛀果害虫发生的种类,结果表明,新疆南部地区杏园蛀果害虫共有4种,分别是李小食心虫Grapholitha funebrana Treitschke、梨小食心虫Grapholitha molesta(Busck)、苹果蠹蛾Cydia pomonella(L.)和桃条麦蛾Anarsia lineatella Zeller,其种群数量分占87.41%、3.81%、2.51%和6.27%;李小食心虫种群数量显著大于梨小食心虫、苹果蠹蛾和桃条麦蛾,为主要种类;梨小食心虫、苹果蠹蛾和桃条麦蛾为次要种类。室内药剂筛选试验结果表明,5%顺式氯氰菊酯乳油、1.2%烟碱·苦参碱乳油(烟碱0.7%,苦参碱0.5%)和5%杀铃脲悬浮剂药后1 d的防治效果差异显著,分别为95.02%、78.09%和20.15%;药后5 d,5%顺式氯氰菊酯乳油和1.2%烟碱·苦参碱乳油防治效果分别为89.71%和80.30%,无显著差异。综上,新疆南部地区杏园优势蛀果害虫为李小食心虫,5%顺式氯氰菊酯乳油和1.2%烟碱·苦参碱乳油可作为防控用药。     

Genetic engineering of insect viruses for insect biological control

Insect viruses can be exploited for the biological control of insect pests and serve as well as vehicles for the introduction of ‘foreign genes’ into insect cells and insects. The present work describes some of the molecular events that take place during the replication of theGalleria mellonella densonucleosis virus in the insect host. Viral RNA and protein synthesis were monitored. An understanding of the virus biology is essential for further implementation of these viruses for biological control purposes.     

Genetic engineering of insect viruses for insect biological control

Insect viruses can be exploited for the biological control of insect pests and serve as well as vehicles for the introduction of ‘foreign genes’ into insect cells and insects. The present work describes some of the molecular events that take place during the replication of theGalleria mellonella densonucleosis virus in the insect host. Viral RNA and protein synthesis were monitored. An understanding of the virus biology is essential for further implementation of these viruses for biological control purposes.     

Hypersensitive reaction in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) induced by alfalfa mosaic virus

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) cv. Beaver was screened for resistance to alfalfa mosaic virus (AIMV). A1MV infection in clonal plants was tested by double-antibody sandwich ELISA 4 and 8 weeks after inoculation with purified A1MV (1 mg/ml in 0025 M phosphate buffer, pH 7 0). Twelve clones showed a hypersensitive reaction 3–4 days after inoculation and the infection was restricted to the inoculated leaves. All the plants of hypersensitive clones consistently produced local lesions when inoculated with purified AIM V. In contrast, plants inoculated with AIMV in crude sap remained symptomless, although AIMV was detectable in inoculated leaves. The remaining 16 clones were susceptible to AIMV and showed systemic infection.     

我国苜蓿病害研究进展

综述了我国苜蓿主要病害的分布和危害、病原学、发生规律、抗性种质材料的遗传筛选和鉴定及综合防治等方面的主要研究进展,并提出了今后的研究方向和发展目标。