如皋合作开展长江刀鱼种质保护与驯养

江苏省如皋市水产站、渔政站充分利用自身技术优势和长江如皋段刀鱼鱼场优势,积极创新工作思路,与上海市嘉定区水产站联手开展拯救长江刀鱼行动,合作进行长江刀鱼的种质保护与人工驯养研究,实现刀鱼的人工养殖,以便有效修复资源。从7月23日开始至目前,在长江如皋段已捕获5cm～10cm的刀鱼12000多尾,当天运输至上海试验基地,成活率达90%以上,成功解决了长江刀鱼运输问题,为研究驯养长江刀鱼、进行人工培育繁殖养殖迈出了坚实的一步。     

漠斑牙鲆海水土池驯养技术研究

利用海水土池设置网箱驯养漠斑牙鲆,苗种规格平均体长7.9 cm,放养密度2 000尾/箱,体长15 cm以后放养密度350～400尾/箱,经9个月的养殖,平均体长32.2 cm,平均体重630 g,养殖成活率88.2%。直接放养于土池养殖的比网箱养殖的生长更快,养殖6个月可达500 g。漠斑牙鲆适宜生长水温18～28℃,耐高温可达34℃,适盐范围0～40‰,能适应闽南地区的环境条件。     

花斑裸鲤在３种环境中的驯化养殖试验

首次报道了黄河上游特有鱼类花斑裸鲤(Gymnocypris eckloni)在池塘、流水池、网箱中人工驯化养殖试验情况。395g/尾的花斑裸鲤855尾,经过170d的池塘驯养,成活778尾,驯养成活率91.0%,均重450g/尾,平均增重55g/尾,增重率13.9%;378g/尾的花斑裸鲤405尾,经过180d的流水池驯养,均重530g/尾,平均增重152g/尾,增重率40.2%,成活308尾,驯养成活率76.0%;345g/尾的花斑裸鲤2029尾,经过14个月的网箱驯养,均重500g/尾,平均增重155g/尾,增重率44.9%,成活1002尾,驯养成活率49.4%。野生花斑裸鲤驯养试验平均总成活率为72.1%。寄生虫病是导致花斑裸鲤成活率偏低的主要原因。驯养试验对黄河上游土著鱼类的人工繁育和增殖保护具有一定的借鉴意义。     

花斑裸鲤在3种环境中的驯化养殖试验

首次报道了黄河上游特有鱼类花斑裸鲤(Gymnocypris eckloni)在池塘、流水池、网箱中人工驯化养殖试验情况。395g/尾的花斑裸鲤855尾,经过170d的池塘驯养,成活778尾,驯养成活率91.0%,均重450g/尾,平均增重55g/尾,增重率13.9%;378g/尾的花斑裸鲤405尾,经过180d的流水池驯养,均重530g/尾,平均增重152g/尾,增重率40.2%,成活308尾,驯养成活率76.0%;345g/尾的花斑裸鲤2029尾,经过14个月的网箱驯养,均重500g/尾,平均增重155g/尾,增重率44.9%,成活1002尾,驯养成活率49.4%。野生花斑裸鲤驯养试验平均总成活率为72.1%。寄生虫病是导致花斑裸鲤成活率偏低的主要原因。驯养试验对黄河上游土著鱼类的人工繁育和增殖保护具有一定的借鉴意义。     

乌苏里拟鲿苗种培育技术

选用经人工繁殖刚开口摄食的乌苏里拟鲿水花，在池塘和水族箱内同时进行培育。池塘每667m^2投放水花3万尾，水族箱内投放水花400尾。3个月培育结果表明，池塘养殖的乌苏里拟鲿体长由1．21cm增长至15．31cm，体重由0.023g／尾增重至28．25g／尾，成活率为96．8％；水族箱培育的乌苏里拟鲿体长增长至5．76cm，体重增长至1.92g／尾，成活率为33％。雌雄个体生长不均，池塘培育雌性个体平均体长为10．2cm，体重为16．5g／尾，雄性个体平均体长为21,8cm，体重为60Ag／尾；水族箱培育雌性个体平均体长为5．6cm，体重为1．49g／尾，雄性个体平均体长为6．6cm，体重为2．42g／尾。     

漳州破灶屿网箱养殖区斜带髭鲷无公害养殖试验

本文描述了2002年12月~2004年1月间在龙海破灶屿网箱养殖区开展的斜带髭鲷无公害养殖试验。根据国家已建立的养殖用水水质、养殖环境和产品无公害标准规定的项目,对养殖生产过程的水域环境和产品进行检测;在养殖生产过程中,以无公害为目标,改进生产工艺。结果表明,龙海破灶屿网箱养殖区养殖环境符合无公害标准;从2003年3月19日~12月15日,将平均体长5.9 cm/尾、平均体重4.0g/尾的鱼苗饲养至平均体长24.9 cm/尾、平均体重420.9g/尾的规格,养成成活率60.1%,使用湿性颗粒饲料的饵料系数为5.2;养成产品符合无公害标准。     

西江斑鳜的驯养技术

2004年6月至2006年6月在梧州市长洲区倒水镇，建立网箱面积104m^2的西江斑鳜驯养场，斑鳜经过510-570d养殖，成活率87．01％，平均尾重0．98kg，平均单产为32．73kg／m^2。试验结果表明，网箱驯化养殖斑鳜技术可行，效益良好，本研究对江河名贵野生鱼类的驯养及西江斑鳜的推广养殖具有一定参考价值。     

野生尖头塘鳢人工驯养试验

报道了对野生尖头塘鳢(Eleotris oxycephala Temminck et Schlegel)在池塘、微流水池、网箱中人工驯化试验情况。均重9.0g/尾的尖头塘鳢7 707尾,按规格大小分为3级(≤10g/尾、10~15g/尾、≥15g/尾),放在三种不同驯养环境共7组(池塘1组、玻璃钢微流水池3组、网箱3组),经3个月的驯养,共收获6 742尾,总成活率87.74%,均重29.4g/尾;其中,池塘组驯养成活率为86.51%,平均增重率为227.8%;微流水组驯养平均成活率为92.45%,平均增重率为232.1%;网箱组驯养成平均活率为90.26%,平均增重率为212.5%。不同规格尖头塘鳢驯养结果也存在差异,其中,规格≤10g/尾驯养成活率为86.72%,平均增重率为226.9%;规格10~15g/尾驯养成活率为93.11%,平均增重率为222.0%;规格≥15g/尾驯养成活率为94.74%,平均增重率为218.5%。驯养试验对尖头塘鳢具有较大的研究保护及推广养殖价值。     

三种方式进行史氏鲟种苗培育比较试验

从北京引进史氏鲟鱼花5万尾,平均体长1.1cm,平均体重0.0185g,取其中1.2 万尾,分成三组,分别采用三种不同的方式进行为期60天的精心培育。其结果为:试验A组中种苗平均体长达到14.8cm,平均体重19.241g,成活率为37.3％;试验B组中种苗平均体长达到14.6cm,平均体重18.776g,成活率49.8％。试验C组中种苗平均体长达到14.5cm,平均体重16.221g,成活率为74.5％。结果分析表明:在试验C组中采用剁碎的水蚯蚓或卤虫等活饵进行开口培育至平均体长约为8cm时,再进行人工配合饲料转饵驯化的方法,是进行史氏鲟种苗培育的一条较佳技术路线。     

大弹涂鱼池塘养殖技术

在面积为1公顷的池塘投放全长为2.5～3.0cm的大弹涂鱼苗60000尾,养殖密度为6尾/m2。经过1年的养殖,共收获成鱼1147.5kg,成活率达85%,体长9.30～14.50cm,平均体长11.80cm,体重11.2～38.3g,平均体重22.50g。     

Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean

The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.     

Rare serotype occurrence and PFGE genotypic diversity of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from tilapia in China

Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.     

Evaluation of a Fast Method Based on the Presence of Two Restriction Sites in the Mitochondrial ND5 (mt ND5) Gene for the Identification of Scomber Species

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus.     

Growth performance,digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass,Lateolabrax japonicus fed with fructooligosaccharide

In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.     

Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review

Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.     

Purification and partial characterization of GtHs (cfLH and cfFSH) from Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) (L.) and development of a homologous ELISA for cfLH

Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL^?1 (1.25 ng well^?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.     

The optimal dietary protein level of juvenile silver sillago Sillago sihama at three dietary lipid levels

A 5 × 3 factorial growth trial was conducted to evaluate optimal dietary protein and lipid levels (dietary protein level, DP; dietary lipid level, DL) for juvenile Sillago sihama (S. sihama) (2.0 ± 0.02 g, initial weight). Fish were fed 15 diets containing 5 DPs (350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 g/kg) and 3 DLs (60, 90 and 120 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The interaction between proteins and lipids significantly influenced the feed conversion ratio, condition factor, body composition, antioxidant indices and lipase activity (p < .05). DP 450 g/kg showed the highest average final body weight. DPs 500 and 550 g/kg significantly decreased the protein efficiency ratio (p < .05). DL 120 g/kg showed the highest percentage weight gain. The low feed conversion ratio was found in diets P45L12, P55L9 and P55L12. Diet P45L12 showed high superoxide dismutase activities. DP 450 g/kg showed the lowest average malondialdehyde content. Lipase activity was increased by increasing DP (p < .05) with a fall at DP 550 g/kg. Under the present experimental conditions, the optimal DP for S. sihama was 450 g/kg under the DL 120 g/kg.