不同禽源新城疫病毒强毒株对鹅的致病性研究

分别采用鸽、鸡、鸭、鹅源新城疫病毒(NDV)强毒株和NDV国内标准强毒株F48E8进行鹅的人工感染试验,对感染鹅的临床症状、增重、抗体水平和排毒情况进行详细观察,探讨不同禽源NDV强毒株对鹅的致病性以及鹅在家禽新城疫(ND)流行中的意义。结果表明,鸽源强毒株JSP0204对鹅无致病性或致病性很弱,感染鹅未表现临床症状,增重也未受到显著影响(P0.05)。而鸡源JSC0804、鸭源JSD0812、鹅源JSG0210和F48E8株均可致鹅发病和死亡,尤以鸭源JSD0812和F48E8株致病性最强,致死率高达100%。所有感染鹅均可排毒,排毒时间因毒株不同而异。研究结果表明目前流行的NDV强毒株对鹅的致病性普遍增强,并进一步证实鹅在ND流行病学中具有重要的作用。     

不同新城疫弱毒苗对新城疫病毒强毒的免疫保护试验

用NDV的LaSota株、VG/GA 株、VH 株、PHY LMV 42株及Clone 30株弱毒疫苗免疫SPF鸡后 ,通过对雏鸡免疫后的血清抗体监测表明 ,4种弱毒疫苗激发雏鸡的抗新城疫病毒抗体滴度在 7log2水平以下 ,且差异不显著。通过以上 4种新城疫弱毒疫苗对新城疫病毒东台强毒株的免疫保护试验表明 :至少单独使用弱毒疫苗 ,不能对东台地区流行的新城疫病毒强毒株提供有效保护 ,保护率在 60 %～ 74%     

鸽新城疫病毒分离鉴定及动物感染试验

从发病商品肉鸽组织中分离到3株新城疫病毒,对其基因序列和感染力进行测定和分析。用RT-PCR对3株病毒F基因进行了扩增,测序,3株新城疫病毒的F基因同源性比较及进化分析结果表明,3株病毒均属于Ⅵb亚型,且与2011年比利时分离株亲缘关系较近,F蛋白裂解位点符合强毒特征;肉鸽攻毒试验进一步证实了3株新城疫病毒的高致病性,肉鸽感染新城疫病毒后通过呼吸道及消化道途径排毒,具有高度接触传染性。试验结果证明了鸽感染新城疫病毒后的排毒时间及方式,为鸽新城疫的及早发现与防控提供了依据。     

鸭源新城疫病毒强毒株对鸭的致病性

对鸭源新城疫病毒（NDV）强毒株JSD0812对鸭的致病性进行了研究。结果显示,对于15日龄雏鸭,JSD0812株病毒尿囊液的半数致死剂量（LD50）为101mL。15,30,45,60。110日龄鸭肌肉注射感染试验结果表明,所有日龄鸭感染JSD0812株后均可发病,但死亡率随日龄的增长而下降,110日龄鸭感染后未见死亡。鸭感染后可经咽喉和/或泄殖腔短期排毒,感染鸭组织器官中病毒分离率较低。     

新城疫病毒弱毒疫苗的免疫研究

新城疫病毒长春株（ＮＤＶ ＣＣ株）经生物学及分子生物学特性研究证明为新城疫病毒弱毒株,以ＮＤＶ ＣＣ毒株制成弱毒疫苗,采用饮水、滴鼻和肌肉注射免疫等方式,分别免疫７日龄雏鸡,免疫鸡未出现不良反应。免疫后７ｄＨＩ效价为２＾５以上,６０ｄ后均能维持较高的ＨＩ值,免疫后１４ｄ用ＮＤＶ强毒攻击,其保护率可达到１００％（１０／１０）。     

鸽新城疫病毒弱毒株的分离与鉴定

对某鸽场送检的6只通过病理剖检疑似新城疫(ND)的病鸽进行实验室诊断,包括细菌分离、新城疫病毒荧光RT-PCR检测、SPF鸡胚分离与鉴定,并测定其鸡胚分离物F3代EID50和ICPI.结果为内脏病料新城疫病毒荧光RT-PCR检测为阳性;SPF鸡胚分离到一株有血凝活性的病毒,经HA和HI鉴定为NDV,其F3代血凝价为1∶26,EID50为107.63,ICPI为1.19.根据病鸽的临床症状、鸡胚分离物EID50和IC-PI,确定该鸽新城疫病毒分离株为弱毒株.     

鸭源新城疫病毒对鹅的致病性试验

鸭源新城疫病毒（NDV）SDFC株通过静脉注射、肌肉注射、点眼滴鼻3种途径人工感染15日龄健康雏鹅,观察试验鹅的发病情况及临床症状,于感染后不同时间剖杀,观察各组织器官的主要剖检变化,并进行病理组织学研究,同时对病毒在组织中的抗原分布进行检测。结果显示,试验鹅感染鸭源NDV后发病率达100%,静脉注射组死亡率为80%,肌肉注射组死亡率为40%,点眼滴鼻组死亡率为26.7%。病鹅表现下痢、流泪,部分出现瘫痪、扭头、角弓反张等神经症状;剖检变化表现为胰腺、脾脏有大小不等的白色坏死灶,胸腺、法氏囊萎缩,心包积液,肠道、肝脏、肺脏、肾脏出血;病理组织学变化表现为胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊等器官内淋巴细胞坏死、崩解,心脏、肺脏、肝脏、肾脏广泛性出血、变性;抗原分布检测结果显示,病毒在病鹅体内多个组织器官中分布。试验结果表明,鸭源NDV对鹅具有较强的致病性。     

新城疫病毒弱毒株分子生物学特性的研究

于１９９６年从长春地区一养鸡场分离到一株新城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ长春株）,经过病毒生物学特性的研究表明该ＮＤＶ毒株为弱毒株。将ＮＤＶ长春株纯化培养后,提取病毒ＲＮＡ,经ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增Ｆ基因,并测定出Ｆ基因的全部核苷酸序列为１７５８ｂｐ,编码有５５３个氨基酸残基。与国内外发表的部分ＮＤＶ病毒的强毒株和弱毒株的相同序列进行比较,其核苷酸同源性在８８．２％￣９６．７％之间,氨基酸同源性在９０．１％￣９８．１％之间,并与所有弱毒株Ｆ蛋白裂解位点区（１１２￣１１７）氨基酸序列Ｇｌｙ－Ａｒｇ／Ｌｙｓ－Ｇｌｎ－Ｇｌｙ／Ｓｅｒ－Ａｒｇ－Ｌｅｕ相同,从基因和分子水平上进一步证明ＮＤＶ长春株为ＮＤＶ弱毒株。     

一株新城疫病毒弱毒株的分离鉴定

于１９９６年８月从长春地区－－养鸡场分离到一株新城疫病毒,该毒株经过鸡胚传代培养,病毒形态学观察,血凝谱测定、鸡胚平均致死时间试验、鸡脑内致病指数试验、脉致病指数试验及１入毒试验等生物学特性结果表明该新城商株为弱毒株。     

鸵鸟新城疫病毒分子流行病学研究

应用RT-PCR、基因序列测定和分析以及鸡胚平均死亡时间(MDT)等方法,对1997～2000年间从中国北方分离的10株鸵鸟源新城疫病毒进行了F-糖蛋白基因序列测定、系统进化分析、基因分型和毒力测定。结果显示：10株鸵鸟源新城疫病毒分属Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ四个基因型。除1株为中发型毒株,其他均为速发型毒株；分析表明,引起鸵鸟发病的新城疫毒株有多种不同的来源。     

Response of domestic geese to lentogenic and velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus

A total of 54 domestic white meat-type geese were included in vaccination/challenge trials to evaluate susceptibility to disease and humoral immune responses using the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and virus neutralization (VN) tests against Newcastle disease (ND). Two groups of twenty geese, five weeks of age, were conjunctivally vaccinated with either 100 x 10(6) or 2.5 x 10(6) EID50 (egg infectious dose 50 per cent) per bird of live La Sota virus, respectively, and 14 geese remained unvaccinated. At 15 weeks of age all vaccinated geese and seven unvaccinated geese were subcutaneously injected with 0.5 ml of inactivated oil emulsion ND vaccine, whereas seven geese remained as negative controls. At an age of 20 weeks, all 54 geese were challenged with 10(8.0) EID50 per bird of the viscerotropic velogenic NDV strain Herts 33/56. Live virus application as well as the oil emulsion vaccine did not induce discernible clinical signs and have no detrimental effect on body weight gains. At days 1, 3, 5, 8, 13, 16, 20, 23 and 27 after the application of lentogenic vaccine pharyngeal and cloacal swabs were taken, after challenge samples were taken at days 2, 5 and 8. Lentogenic as well as velogenic virus were never reisolated. Low and shortlived antibody responses post vaccination were equally well measured in HI and VN tests. Only two out of seven unvaccinated but challenged geese developed signs of ND whereas all vaccinated/challenged geese remained normal but developed high to moderate levels of HI and VN antibodies. Since domestic geese do not readily excrete NDV's in detectable amounts and since they do not contain detectable amounts of the challenge virus fourteen days post challenge in their tissues the assumption is promoted that geese do not play a major role in the epidemiology of Newcastle disease.     

3株新城疫病毒毒力的测定

新城疫是由新城疫病毒引起鸡的一种高度接触性传染病。为了探讨本地有关区域 NDV毒力分布情况 ,将自 1 997年以来 ,从珠江三角洲不同地区分离获得的 3株 NDV的鸡胚平均致死时间 ( MDT)、1日龄雏鸡脑内致病指数 ( ICPI)和 6周龄鸡静脉内致病指数 ( IVPI)进行测定。1　材料与方法1 .1　病毒　ND野毒株 ,共 3株 ,包括 N株 (分离自南边 )、S株 (分离自狮山 )、L株 (分离自罗定 )均由本实验室分离、鉴定保存。1 .2　实验动物　 1 0日龄鸡胚、1日龄易感雏鸡 ,6周龄非 ND免疫雏鸡均由佛山燎原鸡场提供。1 .3　毒株的鸡胚传代　将 3株 ND…     

Some properties of lentogenic Australian newcastle disease virus

The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) occurring in Australia is apathogenic for chickens following natural infections. Some properties of the avirulent Australian V4 strain of NDV and of 12 new isolates of NDV were compared.The viruses grew to high titres following infection of chick embryos by the allantoic cavity and allantoic fluid had infectivity titres of from $\text{10}{}^{\mathrm{8·7}}\text{to}\text{10}{}^{\mathrm{9·5}}\text{EID}{}_{50}\text{0.2}\text{ml}$. With only two isolates did sufficient mortalities occur to allow calculation of mean death times and these were in excess of 140 h. Five of nine isolates failed to kill 100% of embryos when doses in excess of 10^7·9 EID₅₀ were used. When strain V4 was inoculated into the yolk sac of 10-day-old embryos, the LD₅₀ was similar to the ID₅₀ obtained with allantoic cavity inoculation, and the mean death time was 103 h.The intracerebral pathogenicity index for strain V4 was 0.91 and 1.02 in two experiments. The index was not significantly reduced when the virus was taken through a further cycle of plaque purification or when the inoculum was heated at 56°C for 30 min. Chickens with maternally derived antibody to NDV were not susceptible to intracerebral inoculation with strain V4. Chickens dying after intracerebral inoculation with strain V4 had haemorrhagic and necrotic liver lesions. The intracerbral pathogenicity indices for four other isolates varied from 0 to 0.22.The infectivity of V4 and three other isolates was relatively stable at 56°C and that of another eight isolates was labile. Haemagglutinins of all viruses studied were stable at 56°C for longer than 60 min. None of four isolates tested lost haemagglutinin activity on treatment with ether.Haemagglutination-elution patterns were variable but four isolates did not elute from chicken erythrocytes after 24 h at 4°C and strain V4 and isolate PM12 did not elute after 96 h at 4°C. Six viruses, including V4, agglutinated erythrocytes from all of six test horses. The haemagglutinin activity of the remaining viruses varied between horses.Four viruses including V4 haemolysed chicken erythrocytes. Gradient centrifugation allowed the separation of an infectious and a noniffectious haemagglutinin. Haemolytic activity was associated with the infectious haemagglutinin.     

Some characteristics of four attenuated vaccine virus strains and a virulent strain of Aujeszky's disease virus

Summary

In the present study four attenuated virus strains, used as vaccines, and a virulent strain of Aujeszky's disease virus (AD V) were compared with respect to their virulence in mice, their ability to induce virus‐specified thymidine kinase (TK) in infected cells, and their cleavage profiles of viral DNA's after treatment with the restriction endonuclease Kpnl.

The survival time of mice inoculated with the B‐KAL or the virulent NIA‐3 strain was comparable. whereas the Hanha and BUK strains required significantly loniser periods to kill mice. Mice were resistant to the MK‐25 strain of ADV.

The strains were assayed for TK phenotype by plaque autoradiography after ³H‐thymidine labelling of infected cells. MK‐25 proved to be the only strain defective in induction of TK in pig kidney cells. Restriction endonuclease analysis of viral DNA's revealed that each vaccine strain showed a characteristic fragment pattern that could easily be differentiated from that of other vaccine and field strains of ADV. The present results demonstrate that the mouse virulence lest and the TK assay detect differences in biological properties of ADV strains, but that restriction endonuclease analysis is required for unambiguous identification of vaccine and field strains of ADV.     

Some characteristics of four attenuated vaccine virus strains and a virulent strain of Aujeszky's disease virus

In the present study four attenuated virus strains, used as vaccines, and a virulent strain of Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) were compared with respect to their virulence in mice, their ability to induce virus-specified thymidine kinase (TK) in infected cells, and their cleavage profiles of viral DNA's after treatment with the restriction endonuclease KpnI. The survival time of mice inoculated with the B-KAL or the virulent NIA-3 strain was comparable, whereas the Bartha and BUK strains required significantly longer periods to kill mice. Mice were resistant to the MK-25 strain of ADV. The strains were assayed for TK phenotype by plaque autoradiography after 3H-thymidine labelling of infected cells. MK-25 proved to be the only strain defective in induction of TK in pig kidney cells. Restriction endonuclease analysis of viral DNA's revealed that each vaccine strain showed a characteristic fragment pattern that could easily be differentiated from that of other vaccine and field strains of ADV. The present results demonstrate that the mouse virulence test and the TK assay detect differences in biological properties of ADV strains, but that restriction endonuclease analysis is required for unambiguous identification of vaccine and field strains of ADV.     

马立克氏病病毒感染鸡对新城疫疫苗和法氏囊疫苗免疫反应的影响

研究了马立克氏病病毒(MDV)不同致病型毒株感染鸡后对新城疫病毒(NDV)和传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)疫苗抗体反应的影响。结果表明，2周龄接种MDV超强毒株RBIB和7日龄接种MDV强毒株GA的鸡HI效价均显著低于对照鸡，但在本试验条件下尚未发现MDV感染对法氏囊病病毒疫苗免疫效果有显著影响。