鸡呼吸道疾病的鉴别诊断和防制

鸡呼吸道疾病的种类很多。有的是由病毒引起的,有的是由细菌和支原体等病原引起的,都有呼吸道的病状。因此,鸡的呼吸道疾病在养鸡生产中是不容忽视的一类疾病。呼吸道疾病之所以重要,一方面是经常发生,各种日龄的鸡均可感染。另一方面是发病率高而且容易引起多种疾病的继发感染,可使雏鸡生     

蛋鸡常见呼吸道疾病的鉴别诊断及防制要点

随着养鸡业的迅速发展,疾病的危害日益严重,其中以咳嗽、气喘、流鼻涕、甩头、颜面肿胀、呼吸困难、气管音为主要症状的呼吸道疾病已经成为养鸡业的大敌。由于引起呼吸道疾病的病因较多,如病原微生物侵袭、饲养管理不科学,环境卫生条件差、空气混浊、病死鸡处理不当、疫苗免疫副作用等,都可促进呼吸道疾病的发生与流行,引起鸡群生长发育受阻,产蛋量下降,饲料报酬降低,死亡率增加。为此,了解和掌握鉴别诊断方法,制定防治对策,预防和控制呼吸道疾病,势在必行。1　引起鸡常见呼吸道疾病的原因1.1　病毒性疾病新城疫、禽流感、传染性支气管…     

鸡呼吸道疾病的鉴别诊断及防制

近几年来,鸡群感染混合型呼吸道疾病比较多发,生产性能下降严重,甚至造成鸡只死亡。影响鸡呼吸道疾病的种类很多,有的是由病毒引起的,     

牛呼吸道疾病的病原学与防制研究进展

牛呼吸道疾病的出现多是由牛疱疹病毒1型(BHV-1)、牛呼吸道合包体病毒(BRSV)、牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)、牛副流感病毒3型(BPIV3)、牛冠状病毒(BCV)、牛支原体、出血性败血性巴氏杆菌等病原的单独或混合感染造成的。文章针对这几种病原的病原学及相应的防制研究进行了综述。     

常见鸡呼吸道疾病的鉴别诊断及防制

鸡的主要呼吸道传染病有：鸡传染性支气管炎、慢性呼吸道病、鸡传染性鼻炎、曲霉菌病、黏膜型鸡痘、鸡传染性喉气管炎。笔者根据多年的临诊实践,现对上述6种常见的鸡呼吸道传染病从病原、流行特点、临诊症状、病变特征、实验室诊断和防制等方面进行鉴别诊断,供广大养殖户参考。     

鸡新城疫的鉴别诊断及防制

<正>1鉴别诊断鸡新城疫在发病初期症状不典型,主要表现为呼吸道症状,这样很可能与呼吸道传染病如传染性支气管炎、传染性喉气管炎相混淆。有的呈现败血症,很容易与禽霍乱相混淆。高致病     

几种引起猪呼吸道症状传染病的鉴别诊断

<正>近年来,呼吸道疾病已成为猪场最常见、危害最严重的疾病之一,猪发病后常以呼吸道症状为主症,其发病的主要表现为咳嗽、气喘、呼吸困难,并常伴有体温升高等症状。据分析,导致猪呼吸道疾病常见的有猪流感、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征、猪圆环病毒病、猪伪狂犬病、猪肺疫、猪气喘病、猪传染性胸膜肺炎、副猪嗜血杆菌感染、猪传染性萎缩性鼻炎、猪弓形虫病等。呼吸道疾病因其存在广泛,表现多样,再加上现在猪群普遍处于亚健康状态,继     

引起鸡呼吸道症状的疾病及鉴别诊断

总结了具有呼吸道症状的所有鸡病,并对其中一些常见病和比较重要的鸡病进行了鉴别诊断,指出了其一些特征性的症状和病变,为这些疾病在临床上的诊断和治疗提供一定的依据,同时强调养殖场的技术人员对该类疾病的重视,及早的预防该类疾病的发生,尽可能的减少养殖业的损失。     

冬季蛋鸡几种呼吸道疾病的鉴别诊断和防制措施

鸡的呼吸道病在养鸡生产中是比较复杂的，疾病的种类也很多。有的是由病毒引起的，有的是由细菌和支原体引起的。因此，鸡的呼吸道疾病在养鸡生产中是不容忽视的一类疾病。在冬季呼吸道疾病显得犹为重要，一方面经常发生，各种日龄的鸡均可感染。另一方面是发病率高而且容易引起多种疾病的继发感染，可使雏鸡生长发育迟缓，成年鸡产蛋下降和引起各种日龄的鸡只死亡。值得注意的是，无论哪种呼吸道疾病发生，从临床症状和鸡群的表现上都很难确定发生的是哪一种呼吸道疾病，给诊断带来一定的困难．     

以相伴症状对引起牛腹泻疾病的鉴别与诊断

1粪便中含有凝乳块、纤维素 患冠状病毒病、幼犊传染性肺炎、大肠杆菌病的牛发病年龄很小,病犊严重消化不良,乳汁虽可以凝固,但无法被蛋白酶水解、消化,随粪排出。幼犊腹泻,粪中含有大量粘液。大肠杆菌病,因粪中混有凝乳块,粪呈灰白色。这三种疾病有共同的发病年龄段,病畜粪中有凝乳块或呈胶胨样,有体温升高现象,可致病犊迅速脱水、死亡。     

Laboratory diagnosis of respiratory diseases of cattle

The authors describe the procedure of laboratory diagnosis for bovine respiratory diseases: direct diagnosis by isolation and for identification of bacteria or viruses and indirect diagnosis by serological methods. They specify the restraints and limits of this diagnosis and the significance results which are obtained and connected with knowledge of anamnestic information.     

Acute phase proteins in naturally occurring respiratory disease of feedlot cattle

The aim of this study was to evaluate three acute phase proteins (APP) [haptoglobin (HPT), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and transferrin (Tf)] in feedlot cattle with naturally occurring respiratory disease diagnosed by a calf health scoring chart (CHSC). Seventy-seven beef calves were observed for signs of Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) during the first 28 days after arrival at the feedlot. Fourteen cases and pen matched controls were selected based on the CHSC. BRD cases were defined as a score of ≥5, while controls were defined as a score ≤4. The mean CHSC score in cases was 6.9 which was significantly greater than the controls 2.8 (P < 0.01). Mean plasma LBP and HPT concentrations were significantly greater in cases than controls (P < 0.01). Our study results show that measurement of HPT and LBP could be useful in detecting respiratory disease in feedlot conditions. Transferrin concentrations between the two groups were not statistically different.     

Association of herd BRSV and BHV-1 seroprevalence with respiratory disease and reproductive performance in adult dairy cattle

Background

The aim of this study was to detect the associations between bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) status of a herd and respiratory disease (BRD) occurrence and reproductive performance in pregnant heifers and cows. The association between management-related factors and higher BRD occurrence was also estimated.

Methods

Serum samples, collected from cows and youngstock from 103 dairy cattle herds, were analyzed for antibodies against BHV-1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), and Mycoplasma bovis. A questionnaire was used to collect data concerning herd management factors and reproductive performance, as well as the occurrence of clinical signs of respiratory disease in the last two years, as evaluated by the veterinarian or farm manager. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and logistic regression analysis were performed to identify and quantify the risk factors.

Results

A low to moderate prevalence (1-49%) of BRSV antibodies among youngstock was associated with a high occurrence of respiratory disease (OR = 6.2, p = 0.010) in cows and in-calf heifers. Employees of the farm may participate in the spread of such disease. Larger herd size, loose-housing of cows, housing youngstock separately from cows until pregnancy, and purchasing new animals were factors possibly related to a high occurrence of respiratory disease symptoms in pregnant heifers and cows. The highest risk of abortions (> 1.3%) and increased insemination index (number of inseminations per pregnancy) (> 1.9) occurred in herds with a moderate prevalence of BHV-1 antibodies (1-49%) in cows.

Conclusions

BHV-1 was not associated with acute respiratory disease in adult dairy cattle, however was significantly related to reproductive performance. BRSV possesses the main role in respiratory disease complex in adult dairy cattle.     

慎防牛呼吸系统疾病综合征吞利毁场

牛呼吸系统疾病综合征(BRDC)是由病原体感染、应激刺激和机体抵抗力下降等病因共同作用引起牛的一种以发热、神差纳少和鼻炎、气管炎、支气管炎、肺炎为主要临床表现的一类传染性疾病的总称,又被称为“运输热。本病多在秋冬季或春夏之交呈地方性或散发性流行,常以多种病原体相互协同作用的感染、复杂的病情导致犊牛(特别是45日龄内的犊牛)和新引进牛相当高的发病率和大批量的死亡而侵吞养牛的利润甚至推毁养牛场,是一个严重困扰养牛业的世界性问题。作者综述了BRDC的危害、病因、快速诊断,并从养牛生产实际出发较为详细地阐述了BRDC的预防与治疗技术措施,对防控BRDC有一定的实际指导意义。     

应用复合RT-PCR诊断禽支原体与其他呼吸道病原的混合感染

在一个RT-PCR反应中同时以鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)、禽流感病毒(AIV)、鸡新城疫病毒(NBV)、鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)、鸡毒支原体(MG）和鸡滑坡液囊支原体(MS)6种呼吸道病原的RNA或DNA为模板进行扩增。结果显示，6种病原都扩增出了相应大小的特异性产物，表明建立的复合RT-PCR方法可用于混合感染时上述6种病原的鉴别诊断。     

Management of pneumothorax in cattle by continuous-flow evacuation

Pneumothorax in cattle can develop subsequent to acute or chronic pulmonary disease, and if unresolved may lead to respiratory distress and death due to hypoxia and compression and collapse of cardiac and thoracic great vessels. Therapeutic evacuation of free air within the pleural space can provide acute relief and improve chances of survival. This article descibes the adaptation and use of a continuous flow evacuation device to resolve pneumothorax in 3 cattle with pneumothorax associated with infectious lower airway disease.     

鸡呼吸道疾病鉴别诊断与防治

呼吸道疾病是目前威胁鸡养殖产业健康发展的一类重大动物疫病,呼吸道疾病的病原种类多种多样,且造成的临床症状大致相同,诊断难度较大,如果没有进行妥善有效的鉴别、诊断,易造成整体的治疗方案缺乏针对性,难以在短时间内控制病情,错过最佳的防控时期。鸡呼吸道疾病常常混合感染并发感染,2种以上的病原相互叠加表现的临床症状复杂,诊断难度更大。该文主要论述鸡呼吸道疾病的鉴别诊断和防治措施。     

宁夏地区犊牛腹泻的病原调查

为了解宁夏地区奶牛犊牛腹泻的病原微生物种类及流行病学情况,2017年6月至12月对宁夏地区20个牧场有临床腹泻症状的犊牛,随机采集127份腹泻粪便样品,采用快速检测试剂盒对轮状病毒、隐孢子虫、大肠杆菌和贾第鞭毛虫4种病原微生物进行了抗原检测。结果显示:在127份腹泻粪样中,轮状病毒的阳性检出率为32. 28%(41/127),隐孢子虫的阳性检出率为25. 20%(32/127),大肠杆菌阳性检出率为11. 02%(14/127),贾第鞭毛虫阳性检出率为4. 72%(6/127)。结果表明:宁夏部分奶牛养殖区犊牛已经存在着较为严重的轮状病毒和隐孢子虫病感染,此调查为宁夏制定科学有效的综合防控措施提供了有效依据,对促进宁夏地区奶产业健康持续发展具有重要意义。     

Efficacy of a modified live intranasal bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine in 3-week-old calves experimentally challenged with BRSV

Two experimental bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) challenge studies were undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of a single intranasal dose of a bivalent modified live vaccine containing BRSV in 3-week-old calves. In the first study, vaccine efficacy was evaluated in colostrum deprived (maternal antibody negative) calves 5, 10 and 21 days after vaccination. Nasal shedding of BRSV was significantly reduced in vaccinated calves challenged 10 or 21 days after vaccination. Virus excretion titres were also reduced in vaccinates challenged 5 days after vaccination but reduction in duration of shedding and total amount of virus shed were not statistically significant. Clinical disease after challenge in this study was mild. In the second study, vaccine efficacy was assessed in calves with maternal antibodies against BRSV by challenge 66 days post-vaccination. Vaccination significantly reduced nasal shedding after challenge and the severity of clinical disease was also reduced.