The 18O/16O and 17O/16O ratios in atmospheric nitrous oxide: A mass-independent anomaly

Measurements of the oxygen isotope ratios (18O/16O and 17O/16O) in atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) from La Jolla, Pasadena, and the White Mountain Research Station (elevation, 3801 meters) in California and the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico show that N2O has a mass-independent composition. These data suggest the presence of a previously undefined atmospheric process. The La Jolla samples can be explained by a mixing between an atmospherically derived source of mass-independent N2O and biologically derived mass-dependent N2O. Possible origins of the mass-independent anomaly in N2O are discussed.     

Experimental Constraints on Recycling of Potassium from Subducted Oceanic Crust

Petrological experiments on oceanic crust samples characterize the recycling of potassium from mid-ocean ridge basalts and sediments. Metasomatism could develop directly and continuously from subducted potassium-bearing crust from shallow levels to a maximum depth of 300 kilometers. Phengite (a potassium-rich mica) is the principal potassium host at subsolidus conditions. It transports potassium and water to depths of up to 300 kilometers and could yield over the entire depth range potassium-rich fluids or melts (depending on the specific geotherm), which are likely to constitute one of the primary metasomatic agents for generation of calc-alkaline magmas.     

Water isotope ratios D/H, 18O/16O, 17O/16O in and out of clouds map dehydration pathways

Water isotope ratios have been measured by laser absorption spectroscopy in and out of cirrus clouds formed in situ and convectively generated in anvils over subtropical regions. Water vapor in the tropical and subtropical upper troposphere shows a wide range of isotopic depletion not observed previously. The range suggests that dehydration of upper tropospheric air occurs both by convective dehydration and by gradual dehydration mechanisms. Twenty-five percent of upper tropospheric water sampled is in ice particles whose isotopic signatures are used to identify those grown in situ from those lofted from below.     

18O/16O, 30Si/28Si, D/H, and 13C/12C Studies of Lunar Rocks and Minerals

The delta (18)O of minerals from lunar gabbros and basalts are: plgioclases +6.06 to +6.33), pyroxenes (+5.70 to +5.95), and ilmenites (+3.85 to +4.12). The uniformity of these results indicates isotopic equilibrium in the mineral assemblages. Estimated plagioclase-ilmenite temperautres range from 1150 degrees C to 1340 degrees C. The bulk (18)/ (16)O and (30)Si/ (28)Si ratios of these lunar rocks are identical with ratios of terrestrial basalts, but the lunar glass, breccia, and dust are slightly enriched in the heavier isotopes. The lunar hydrogen (formed from solar wind) has a delta D/H of less than-873 per mil and the value may be even lower, as it is probably contaminated with terrestrial hydrogen. The delta (13)C of lunar dust and breccia is unusually high relative to reduced carbon in meteorites or on earth.     

花生油酸/亚油酸(O/L)比值的AFLP分子标记筛选

通过采用不同的酶切组合,即EcoRⅠ/MseⅠ组合240对引物、PstⅠ/MseⅠ组合96对引物、PstⅠ/TaqⅠ组合96对引物,分别对花生高油酸品种Sunoleic95R和低油酸品种汕油162进行AFLP分析.分析了两亲本之间的差异,回收了72条AFLP多态性条带,在所选定高和低O/L比值亲本材料之间建立了AFLP...     

不同养分对苜蓿茎叶比和鲜干比的影响

采用再裂区设计，研究了N、K、P对多年生苜蓿鲜干比和茎叶比的影响。结果表明，氮肥对多年生苜蓿的鲜干比和茎叶比表现负效应；磷肥能降低茎叶比，钾肥对茎叶比和鲜干比的变化没有明显影响；N、K、P配施中K60 P60配比处理下的苜蓿茎叶比较小。对鲜干比、茎叶比、茎含水量、叶含水量的相关分析表明，鲜干比与叶含水量在3个不同生育时期均呈极显著的正相关关系；在分枝期和初花期，鲜干比与茎叶比相关性质相同，均呈显著负相关；在现蕾期，鲜干比与茎叶比呈不显著的正相关，茎含水量与鲜干比和茎叶比的相关性也呈极显著的正相关。     

SrNi2Fe16O27铁氧体的合成与性能研究

采用柠檬酸法合成出超微W型铁氧体。用XRD、VSM测试其结构和磁性能。试验结果表明,该法在1000℃制得的铁氧体性能优于其他方法制得的铁氧体,控制pH值、水量和柠檬酸的量对铁氧体的结构和磁性能都有一定的影响。     

O3与O3/H2O2两个体系降解除草剂2,4-D反应特性研究

分别采用O3、O3/H2O2体系降解苯氧羧酸类除草剂2,4-D,探讨了降解过程中反应温度、pH值、O3混合气流量、有机物初始浓度等操作条件的变化对降解动力学的影响。结果发现,温度和pH值的影响较大,O3流量影响最小,温度升高、pH值增大、臭氧流量增加、2,4-D初始浓度降低均有助于降解速率的提高。O3/H2O2体系中,H2O2能促进O3分解产生大量自由基,导致2,4-D反应活化能降低。和O3相比,O3/H2O2体系降解效果好,降解时间短,反应条件温和,操作费用低,是很有发展前景的高级氧化技术。     

氮磷钾肥对马铃薯营养状况及块茎产量的影响

试验分别在甘肃省景泰县、内蒙古自治区达拉特旗和河北省沽源县3个马铃薯生产基地进行,在基地常规N、P2O5、K2O肥施用量分别为300、345、375kg/hm2的基础上,研究改变磷、钾、氮肥用量对马铃薯营养状况、块茎产量以及土壤养分的影响。试验结果表明,氮、磷、钾肥用量分别从N300、P2O5345、K2O375kg/hm2降低到180、180、225kg/hm2,对植株干物质累积量没有显著影响,3个基地都呈相同的趋势;3个基地不同处理的块茎产量也没有显著性差异。因此,在试验条件下,氮、磷、钾肥用量和比例为180-180-225的施肥处理,其经济效益较高。施肥对土壤养分含量有较大的影响,特别是磷肥,当施用磷肥后,土壤速效磷含量显著提高,而且主要存在于表层土壤(0￣20cm),这说明缺磷土壤通过施用磷肥,可提高土壤有效磷水平。     

改性尿素对土壤N2O排放的影响

N2O是仅次于CO2和CH4的第三种温室气体,改性尿素是减少农田N2O排放的一种重要途径。通过室内瓶培养试验,研究几种改性尿素对旱田和稻田土壤N2O排放的影响,结果表明:当旱田土壤含水量较低(23%)时,NI(尿素 硝化抑制剂)的N2O减排效果最好,其次为FL(尿素 HQ DCD)。当旱田土壤含水量较高(34%)时,FL的N2O减排效果最好,其次为NI。当稻田土壤处于淹水状态时,MEI(包被尿素)的N2O减排效果最好,其次为FL。结果对农田选用优良改性尿素、环境保护和可持续发展具有指导意义。     

Phylogenetic Relationships of Sorghum and Related Species Inferred from Sequence Analysis of the nrDNA ITS Region

Analysis of phylogenetic and evolution in six species of Sorghum was based on internal transcribed spacer （ITS） sequences in nuclear ribosomal DNA. Results showed that the length of the ITS regions among the six species ranged from 588 to 589 bp and the contents of G＋C in ITS （ITS1 ＋5.8S＋ITS2） regions ranged from 60.27 to 61.05%; the length of ITS1 ranged from 207 to 208 bp and the contents of G ＋ C in the ITS 1 regions ranged from 53.91 to 61.54%. The length of the 5.8S rDNA and ITS2 regions in the six species was 164 and 217 bp respectively, and the contents of G ＋ C ranged from 56.10 to 58.54% in the 5.8S rDNA region and 66.36 to 67,28% in the ITS2 region. Among regions of ITS, ITS1, ITS2, and 5.8S, the best sequence for genetic relationship analysis in the six species was the ITS region. On the basis of the Jaccard coefficient and phylogentic tree, S. sp. was more related to S, propinguum than to other species. This was consistent with the fact that S. sp. is derived from S. propinguum. From the phylogenetic tree based on ITS1, S. halepense, silk sorghum and S. sudanense, are identical in the ITS 1 sequence, whereas the phylogenetic tree based one shows that S. sudanense has a closer genetic association with S. almum rather than with S. halepense and silk sorghum.     

超声强化O3／H2O2降解咔唑的影响因素

利用超声波强化O3／H2O2（US／O3／H2O2）反应器降解含咔唑废水,考察了pH值、水温、反应时间、臭氧投加量、过氧化氢投加量和超声作用功率对咔唑降解率的影响。结果表明,单独的超声或臭氧作用对咔唑的降解率远低于两者的协同作用,pH值、温度、反应时间和臭氧投加量增加均能显著提高咔唑的降解率。通过正交试验,得出最佳工艺条件．pH值为1：2,温度为60气,超声功率为40w,反应时间为20min,臭氧投加量为2g／h,30％过氧化氢投加量为3．75ml／L。     

磷钼杂多阴离子/聚1-萘胺修饰电极的电化学性质研究

制备了磷钼杂多阴离子掺杂于聚１－萘胺中的修饰电极，并对其电化学性质作了研究。采用一步修饰法制备的Ｐ２Ｍｏ１８／聚１－ＮＡＰ修饰电极个有良好的稳定性和电化学活性，修饰底液的浓度和酸度、扫描电位范围对电极的稳定性和电化学性质有较大的影响，该修饰电极对酸奶有催化作用。     

The active site of methanol synthesis over Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 industrial catalysts

One of the main stumbling blocks in developing rational design strategies for heterogeneous catalysis is that the complexity of the catalysts impairs efforts to characterize their active sites. We show how to identify the crucial atomic structure motif for the industrial Cu/ZnO/Al(2)O(3) methanol synthesis catalyst by using a combination of experimental evidence from bulk, surface-sensitive, and imaging methods collected on real high-performance catalytic systems in combination with density functional theory calculations. The active site consists of Cu steps decorated with Zn atoms, all stabilized by a series of well-defined bulk defects and surface species that need to be present jointly for the system to work.     

KOH／Al2O3催化大豆油酯交换反应制备生物柴油

[目的]用固体碱催化剂催化酯交换反应制备生物柴油,以减少对环境造成的污染。[方法]以层析用中性氧化铝为载体,负载KOH并经高温焙烧处理制得KOH／Al2O3催化剂,催化大豆油酯交换反应制备生物柴油,系统地研究了催化剂的制备、酯交换反应等条件对大豆油转化率的影响。[结果]该催化剂对大豆油与甲醇酯交换反应有很高的催化活性。试验结果显示,当KOH负载量为10％,500℃焙烧3h,催化剂用量5％,醇油摩尔比12：1,酯交换反应仅2h,大豆油的转化率高达98．63％。[结论]KOH／Al2O3催化剂对大豆油与甲醇发生酯交换反应有很高的催化活性,且生产工艺简单,产品后处理方便,具有很大的应用价值。     

高蛋白、高油亚比花生新品种福花7号的选育

2002年春以湛油41为母本,中间材料9817-36-2为父本配组,混合系谱法选育成福花7号。2009～2010年参加江西省春花生品种区域试验,平均荚果产量4 680.2kg.hm-2,比对照汕油523增产5.62%,籽仁产量3 234.2kg.hm-2,比对照汕油523增产6.94%;粗脂肪含量52.02%,蛋白质含量30.19%,O/L值1.35。该品种抗旱性强,耐涝性中等,抗倒性中等,叶斑病较轻,抗锈病,感青枯病,丰产性、稳产性好,全生育期123d左右。2011年通过江西省认定(赣认花生2011004)。     

Biological Controls on Coral Sr/Ca and dgr18O Reconstructions of Sea Surface Temperatures

Coral strontium/calcium ratios have been used to infer that the tropical sea surface temperature (SST) cooled by as much as 6 degrees C during the last glacial maximum. In contrast, little or no change has been inferred from other marine-based proxy records. Experimental studies of the effect of growth rate and the magnitude of intraspecific differences indicate that biological controls on coral skeletal strontium/calcium uptake have been underestimated. These results call into question the reliability of strontium/calcium-based SST reconstructions.     

Fe2+/S2O2-8/S2O2-3体系下噻虫嗪的降解研究

为探讨噻虫嗪在Fe2+/S2O2-8/S2O2-3体系下降解情况,首先通过单因素实验研究了不同Fe2 、S2O2-8和S2O2-3浓度对噻虫嗪降解率的影响,然后通过中心复合实验,研究各单因素之间的相互影响,得出了Fe2 /S2O2-8/S2O2-3体系下Fe2 、S2O2-8和S2O2-3三种离子的最佳配比,建立了噻虫嗪化学氧化降解模型,并确定其最佳降解条件为：Fe2 浓度为0.69 mmol·L-1,S2O2-3为0.69 mmol·L-1,S2O2-8为3.29 mmol·L-1。最后在三种离子最佳配比条件下探究了不同溶液初始pH值、不同底物浓度及其活性氧物种淬灭剂对噻虫嗪的降解情况影响。研究结果表明,噻虫嗪在pH=9.0时降解率较好,噻虫嗪的降解率随着底物浓度的增加而减小,活性氧物种淬灭剂会降低噻虫嗪的降解率。     

The salinity,temperature, and delta18O of the glacial deep ocean

We use pore fluid measurements of the chloride concentration and the oxygen isotopic composition from Ocean Drilling Program cores to reconstruct salinity and temperature of the deep ocean during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Our data show that the temperatures of the deep Pacific, Southern, and Atlantic oceans during the LGM were relatively homogeneous and within error of the freezing point of seawater at the ocean's surface. Our chloride data show that the glacial stratification was dominated by salinity variations, in contrast with the modern ocean, for which temperature plays a primary role. During the LGM the Southern Ocean contained the saltiest water in the deep ocean. This reversal of the modern salinity contrast between the North and South Atlantic implies that the freshwater budget at the poles must have been quite different. A strict conversion of mean salinity at the LGM to equivalent sea-level change yields a value in excess of 140 meters. However, the storage of fresh water in ice shelves and/or groundwater reserves implies that glacial salinity is a poor predictor of mean sea level.