Electrical resistivity and stoichiometry of kkhgr c60 films

Electrical resistances of polycrystalline fullerene (C(60)) films were monitored while the films were being doped in ultrahigh vacuum with potassium from a molecular-beam effusion source. Temperature- and concentration-dependent resistivities of K(chi) C(60) films in equilibrium near room temperature were measured. The resistance changes smoothly from metallic at chi approximately 3 to activated as chi --> = 0 or chi --> 6. The minimum resistivity for K(3)C(60) films is 2.2 microohm-centimeters, near the Mott limit. The resistivities are interpreted in terms of a granular microstructure where K(3)C(60) regions form nonpercolating grains, except perhaps at chi approximately 3. Stoichiometries at the resistivity extrema were determined by ex situ Rutherford backscattering spectrometry to be chi = 3 +/- 0.05 at the resistance minimum and chi = 6 +/- 0.05 at the fully doped resistance maximum.     

Physics. Driving the electron over the edge

At low temperatures, many materials, from organics to oxides, undergo a pressure-driven "Mott transition": A small change in the distance between the atoms causes the electrical resistivity of the system to change by many orders of magnitude, without a change in crystal symmetry. In his Perspective, Kotliar highlights the report by Limelette et al., who have investigated the dependence of the resistivity of a doped vanadium oxide on pressure and temperature around the Mott critical endpoint (where the Mott transition becomes continuous). A purely electronic model accounts for the major features of the experiments, but some more detailed features require the coupling between electrons and the crystal lattice to be taken into account.     

Electrical imaging of soil water availability to grapevine: a benchmark experiment of several machine-learning techniques

Electrical resistivity (ER) can be used to assess soil water in the field. This study investigated the possibility of extending the use of ER to measure plant available soil water variables, i.e. available soil water (ASW), total transpirable SW (TTSW), and fraction of transpirable SW (FTSW) using a pedotransfer approach. In a vineyard, 224 electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) transects and 672 time domain reflectometry (TDR) soil water profiles were acquired over 2 years. Soil physical–chemical properties were measured on 73 soil samples from eight different sites. To estimate the amount of soil water available to plants, grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) water status was monitored by means of leaf water potentials. A benchmark experiment was carried out to compare four machine-learning techniques: multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), k-nearest neighbours (KNN), random forest (RF), and gradient boosting machine (GBM). Model interpretation led to a deeper understanding of the relationships between electrical resistivity and soil properties when predicting soil water availability for the plant. The models assessed had good predictive performance and were therefore used to map ASW, TTSW and FTSW in the vineyard. ER coupled to machine-learning algorithms was shown to be a good proxy for quantification and visualisation of plant available soil water with low disturbance.     

Spatially Resolved Observation of Supercurrents Across Grain Boundaries in YBaCuO Films

Spatially resolved resistivity measurements of current transport across individual grain boundaries have been made on superconducting YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7). These experiments were done by low-temperature scanning electron microscopy with a resolution of 1 to 2 micrometers, and they show directly the limitation of the critical current density caused by grain boundaries in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7). Furthermore, complex spatial patterns of the current transport across grain boundaries were observed. These patterns reflect self-excited resonances of the grain boundaries and are closely correlated to the unexplained "sub-gap structure" in the current-voltage characteristics of polycrystalline YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7).     

短切碳纤维木质复合材料导电性能数值分析

采用施胶木材纤维作为主体材料,加入短切碳纤维制成具有导电性能的短切碳纤维木质复合材料(SCFRW),通过表面电阻率测量实验,得到SCFRW表面电阻率离散数据.数据分析结果显示,碳纤维的加入赋予了复合材料良好的导电特性,且表面电阻率与温度呈现出负效应关系.为了更直观描述SCFRW样板表面电阻率在17～80℃连续的变化规律...     

Self-Assembly of n-Alkyl Thiols as Disulfides on Au(111)

A grazing incidence x-ray diffraction study of CH(3)(CH(2))(9)SH self-assembled on the (111) surface of gold revealed a disulfide head group structure, which provides a context in which to understand the structure and self-assembly process of this widely studied system. The structure consists of a nearly hexagonal two-dimensional arrangement of the hydrocarbon chains with a dimerization of the sulfur head groups (accommodated through a gauche bond), resulting in a S-S spacing of 2.2 angstroms. These results demonstrate the importance of internal molecular degrees of freedom in the templating of "soft" organic materials on inorganic substrates.     

草莓品种抗性生理研究与综合评判

为了探讨草莓品种的抗性生理，在繁苗田中进行了品种、栽植密度与多效唑处理浓度的综合试验，并运用正交试验级差分析和灰色系统理论进行综合评判。结果表明，影响抗性的主要因素是品种，其次是栽植密度；品种抗性的大小依次为硕丰、丰香、绿色种子和宝交早生；最佳处理组合为硕丰每公顷栽７５００株３００ｍｇ／Ｌ浓度多效唑处理。长江中下游地区发展草莓应选择抗性强的优良品种。     

输气管道内防腐涂料耐蚀试验研究

为了解决天然气输道管道的内防腐问题,对环氧耐温涂料（Ｈ８７）、改性漆酚环氧涂料（ＺＹ）、气卤管道涂料（Ｅ－１）,重防腐涂料（ＥＰ）、漆酚钛螯合高聚物涂料（ＱＴ）等５种涂为,在人为相应输气管道的环境下,进行了室内强化耐蚀试验,并分别列出了试验结果。     

基于阻抗仪和ERT技术的红松内部腐朽定量检测

为了定量表征红松活立木内部腐朽情况,在黑龙江省五营国家森林公园选取了15棵有不同腐朽程度的红松,应用Resistograph树木微钻阻抗仪和PiCUS Treetronic树木电阻断层成像仪得到南北向与东西向的微钻阻力变化和同样高度上的截面电阻率分布图,对比分析阻抗仪测量方向上的电阻率变化和微钻阻力变化。用树木生长锥在样木的测量位置附近各取南北向与东西向的木芯,将其带回实验室测量质量损失率。将微钻阻力的下降幅度定义为阻力损失,对阻力损失和木芯质量损失率进行回归分析。还用腐朽和健康部分的电阻率均值定义了电阻率的异常程度, 并对其和阻力损失进行了回归分析。以阻抗仪为基准在电阻率分布图上对腐朽部位定位,应用监督分类的方法在图上将腐朽与健康部分区分出来,并计算腐朽面积所占比例。然后用最小二乘法将算得的比例与木芯质量损失率作回归分析。结果表明:平均阻力损失与木芯质量损失率之间存在显著的线性相关关系,阻抗仪可以较准确地表征一维直线上的腐朽情况;微钻阻力变化曲线上发生阻力值明显下降的位置对应的电阻率也会发生明显变化,阻力损失值和电阻率异常程度存在显著指数关系,还能推断出电阻断层成像检测对于轻度腐朽更加敏感,而阻抗仪检测对较严重的腐朽更加敏感;联合阻抗仪和电阻断层成像技术能够确定腐朽的位置和面积,得到的腐朽面积所占比例与木芯质量损失率有显著线性相关关系。      

非饱和紫色土的电阻率特性及参数间的相关性分析

为了探明电流频率、干密度、含水率、金属离子含量等因素对电阻率的影响规律及对电阻率的敏感性,以广泛分布于三峡库区的非饱和紫色土为研究对象,借助二电极法开展电阻率测试试验,并借助SPSS进一步分析电阻率与影响参数间的相关关系。结果表明:紫色土的交流电阻率随电流频率、含水率、干密度、锌含量的增大而降低,且降低速度逐渐减缓,最后趋于稳定。紫色土的电阻率及其影响因素的数列都符合正态分布,即显著性均大于0.05。电流频率、锌含量与电阻率之间呈显著或极显著相关。干密度、含水率和电阻率之间呈显著负相关。研究成果能反映出各因素对电阻率的影响程度,从而提高电阻率的测定精度。     

改进常规的交流四极法测量土壤高电阻率

由于现有的交流四极法仪表难以在高电阻率土壤中进行测量，为此，提出了两种扩大四极法测量电阻率范围的方法，即极距调整法和并联电阻法。极距调整法是采用不等的是极间距，以改变电阻表的测量范围。并联电阻法是在电流电极之间或电位电极之间并联一个已知阻值的电阻，以提高ＺＣ－８表测量高电阻率的范围。分别推导了它们的计算公式，讨论了并联电阻法ｒ值的确定、对测量计算值的影响和Ｒ０的选用原则及其实际应用。改进后的交流四     

Ohm's law survives to the atomic scale

As silicon electronics approaches the atomic scale, interconnects and circuitry become comparable in size to the active device components. Maintaining low electrical resistivity at this scale is challenging because of the presence of con?ning surfaces and interfaces. We report on the fabrication of wires in silicon--only one atom tall and four atoms wide--with exceptionally low resistivity (~0.3 milliohm-centimeters) and the current-carrying capabilities of copper. By embedding phosphorus atoms within a silicon crystal with an average spacing of less than 1 nanometer, we achieved a diameter-independent resistivity, which demonstrates ohmic scaling to the atomic limit. Atomistic tight-binding calculations con?rm the metallicity of these atomic-scale wires, which pave the way for single-atom device architectures for both classical and quantum information processing.     

BKCa-Cav channel complexes mediate rapid and localized Ca2+-activated K+ signaling

Large-conductance calcium- and voltage-activated potassium channels (BKCa) are dually activated by membrane depolarization and elevation of cytosolic calcium ions (Ca2+). Under normal cellular conditions, BKCa channel activation requires Ca2+ concentrations that typically occur in close proximity to Ca2+ sources. We show that BKCa channels affinity-purified from rat brain are assembled into macromolecular complexes with the voltage-gated calcium channels Cav1.2 (L-type), Cav2.1 (P/Q-type), and Cav2.2 (N-type). Heterologously expressed BKCa-Cav complexes reconstitute a functional "Ca2+ nanodomain" where Ca2+ influx through the Cav channel activates BKCa in the physiological voltage range with submillisecond kinetics. Complex formation with distinct Cav channels enables BKCa-mediated membrane hyperpolarization that controls neuronal firing pattern and release of hormones and transmitters in the central nervous system.     

Electrical Resistivity and Stoichiometry of CaxC60 and SrxC60 Films

The temperature- and concentration-dependent resistivities of annealed CaxC(60) and SrxC(60) films were measured near room temperature. Resistivity minima were observed at x = 2 and 5. The resistivities of these films were rho(min) approximately 1 ohm-centimeter for x = 2 and rho(min) approximately 10(-2) ohm-centimeter for x = 5. This latter value is comparable to the resistivities found in similar experiments on K(3)C(60) films. There is a maximum in the resistivity between x = 2 and 3, and another at x approximately 7. The conductivity is activated over the whole range of compositions, and the activation energy scales with the logarithm of the resistivity. The results suggest that the conductivity and superconductivity observed in Ca(5)C(60) are associated with the population of bands derived from the t(1g) level of C(6O).     

温度对桦木单板表面化学镀Ni—Cu—P三元合金的影响

利用化学镀方法在桦木单板表面沉积Ni—Cu—P三元合金,考查施镀温度对镀后单板表面电阻率和电磁屏蔽效能的影响,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察镀后单板的表面形貌,利用EDS和XPS分析镀层成分,利用X射线衍射(XRD)分析镀层的组织结构,采用直拉法测定镀层与木材表面的结合强度。结果表明:当温度从80℃升高到90℃时,镀层平均表面电阻率从0.451Ω/cm2降低至0.301Ω/cm2;继续升高温度,表面电阻率小幅升高;在90℃时,施镀单板的电磁屏蔽效能在9 k Hz~1.5 GHz频段达到55~60 d B。SEM观察发现镀层连续、致密且具有金属光泽;EDS分析可知镀层中存在Ni、Cu和P元素,XPS分析可知镀层组成为Ni、Cu、P,其质量分数分别为79.84%、11.82%和8.34%;XRD分析表明镀层为微晶态结构;镀层与木材表面结合牢固。     

安宁市工业大气污染物迁移及分布规律研究

在分析安宁市的气象条件以及各污染源典型气象条件下排污情况的基础上,根据《环境影响评价技术导则》HJ／2．2－93中推荐的数学模型进行计算,绘制出典型气象日的地面浓度等值曲线,以此分析工业污染的迁移和分布规律。     

生漆和漆酚电阻率的初步研究

高绝缘性能材料,特别是液态高绝缘性能材料的电阻率,用一般方法较难测定。作者据漏电法原理,对我国重要的林特产品和出口商品生漆及漆酚的电阻率进行了测定,得到了生漆和漆酚的电阻率的数据。证明漆酚有很高的电阻率,是生漆电阻率高绝缘性能好的主要原因。漆酚是一种很好的液态绝缘材料。     

The potential of high spatial resolution information to define within-vineyard zones related to vine water status

The goal of this study was to test the usefulness of high-spatial resolution information provided by airborne imagery and soil electrical properties to define plant water restriction zones within-vineyards. The main contribution of this is to propose a study on a large area representing the regions’ vineyard diversity (different age, different varieties and different soils) located in southern France (Languedoc-Roussillon region, France). Nine non-irrigated plots were selected for this work in 2006 and 2007. In each plot, different zones were defined using the high-spatial resolution (1 m²) information provided by airborne imagery (Normalised Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI). Within each zone, measurements were conducted to assess: (i) vine water status (Pre-dawn Leaf Water Potential, PLWP), (ii) vine vegetative expression (vine trunk circumference and canopy area), (iii) soil electrical resistivity and, (iv) harvest quantity and quality. Large differences were observed for vegetative expression, yield and plant water status between the individual NDVI-defined zones. Significant differences were also observed for soil resistivity and vine trunk circumference, suggesting the temporal stability of the zoning and its relevance to defining vine water status zones. The NDVI zoning could not be related to the observed differences in quality, thus showing the limitations in using this approach to assess grape quality under non-irrigated conditions. The paper concludes with the approach that is currently being considered: using NDVI zones (corresponding to plant water restriction zones) in association with soil electrical resistivity and plant water status measurements to provide an assessment of the spatial variability of grape production at harvest.     

淋洗浸泡次序和肥料添加量对玉米秸秆发酵基质番茄育苗的影响

以‘粉都女皇’为供试番茄品种,淋洗浸泡次序不同的2种玉米秸秆发酵基质分别与珍珠岩混配[V(玉米秸秆发酵基质):以珍珠岩)=2:1]作为育苗基质,V(草炭):V(珍珠岩)=2:1为对照,进行育苗试验,研究了玉米秸秆发酵基质淋洗浸泡次序和肥料添加量对番茄育苗效果的影响.结果表明,玉米秸秆发酵基质采用2.2倍体积的水淋洗浸泡、粉碎后进行育苗,每50乳穴盘添加尿素5.0g,磷酸二氢钾7.0g,番茄幼苗生长较好,幼苗各形态指标及鲜重、干重指标与对照差异不显著,而玉米秸秆发酵基质粉碎后再进行淋洗浸泡的各肥料添加量处理均不如对照,经面淋洗浸泡后再粉碎的玉米秸秆发酵基质可以作为替代草炭的基质.     

高密度电阻率法在黄洼组滑坡勘查中的应用

高密度电阻率法在滑坡勘查中应用较广泛。安徽省全椒县黄洼组滑坡属于典型的牵引式滑坡。通过布置2条不同方向的高密度电阻率法勘探线,查明了滑坡体的形态特征。经过钻探验证,高密度电阻率法推断解释成果与钻探成果一致,取得了较好的勘探效果,为后期的治理施工提供了依据。