Recurrent intraplate tectonism in the new madrid seismic zone

For the first time, New Madrid seismicity can be linked to specific structural features that have been reactivated through geologic time. Extensive seismic reflection profiling reveals major faults coincident with the main earthquake trends in the area and with structural deformation apparently caused by repeated episodes of igneous activity.     

Rapid intraplate strain accumulation in the new madrid seismic zone

Remeasurement of a triangulation network in the southern part of the New Madrid seismic zone with the Global Positioning System has revealed rapid crustal strain accumulation since the 1950s. This area experienced three large (moment magnitudes >8) earthquakes in 1811 to 1812. The orientation and sense of shear is consistent with right-lateral strike slip motion along a northeast-trending fault zone (as indicated by current seismicity). Detection of crustal strain accumulation may be a useful discriminant for identifying areas where potentially damaging intraplate earthquakes may occur despite the absence of large earthquakes during historic time.     

Slow deformation and lower seismic hazard at the new madrid seismic zone

Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements across the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ) in the central United States show little, if any, motion. These data are consistent with platewide continuous GPS data away from the NMSZ, which show no motion within uncertainties. Both these data and the frequency-magnitude relation for seismicity imply that had the largest shocks in the series of earthquakes that occurred in 1811 and 1812 been magnitude 8, their recurrence interval should well exceed 2500 years, longer than has been assumed. Alternatively, the largest 1811 and 1812 earthquakes and those in the paleoseismic record may have been much smaller than typically assumed. Hence, the hazard posed by great earthquakes in the NMSZ appears to be overestimated.     

Seismic-wave attenuation associated with crustal faults in the new madrid seismic zone

The attenuation of upper crustal seismic waves that are refracted with a velocity of about 6 kilometers per second varies greatly among profiles in the area of the New Madrid seismic zone in the central Mississippi Valley. The waves that have the strongest attenuation pass through the seismic trend along the axis of the Reelfoot rift in the area of the Blytheville arch. Defocusing of the waves in a low-velocity zone and/or seismic scattering and absorption could cause the attenuation; these effects are most likely associated with the highly deformed rocks along the arch. Consequently, strong seismic-wave attenuation may be a useful criterion for identifying seismogenic fault zones.     

Reconciling short recurrence intervals with minor deformation in the new madrid seismic zone

At least three great earthquakes occurred in the New Madrid seismic zone in 1811 and 1812. Estimates of present-day strain rates suggest that such events may have a repeat time of 1000 years or less. Paleoseismological data also indicate that earthquakes large enough to cause soil liquefaction have occurred several times in the past 5000 years. However, pervasive crustal deformation expected from such a high frequency of large earthquakes is not observed. This suggests that the seismic zone is a young feature, possibly as young as several tens of thousands of years old and no more than a few million years old.     

A mechanical model for intraplate earthquakes: application to the new madrid seismic zone

We present a time-dependent model for the generation of repeated intraplate earthquakes that incorporates a weak lower crustal zone within an elastic lithosphere. Relaxation of this weak zone after tectonic perturbations transfers stress to the overlying crust, generating a sequence of earthquakes that continues until the zone fully relaxes. Simulations predict large (5 to 10 meters) slip events with recurrence intervals of 250 to 4000 years and cumulative offsets of about 100 meters, depending on material parameters and far-field stress magnitude. Most are consistent with earthquake magnitude, coseismic slip, recurrence intervals, cumulative offset, and surface deformation rates in the New Madrid Seismic Zone. Computed interseismic strain rates may not be detectable with available geodetic data, implying that low observed rates of strain accumulation cannot be used to rule out future damaging earthquakes.     

Double seismic zone for deep earthquakes in the izu-bonin subduction zone

A double seismic zone for deep earthquakes was found in the Izu-Bonin region. An analysis of SP-converted phases confirms that the deep seismic zone consists of two layers separated by approximately 20 kilometers. Numerical modeling of the thermal structure implies that the hypocenters are located along isotherms of 500 degrees to 550 degrees C, which is consistent with the hypothesis that deep earthquakes result from the phase transition of metastable olivine to a high-pressure phase in the subducting slab.     

Transient uplift after a 17th-century earthquake along the Kuril subduction zone

In eastern Hokkaido, 60 to 80 kilometers above a subducting oceanic plate, tidal mudflats changed into freshwater forests during the first decades after a 17th-century tsunami. The mudflats gradually rose by a meter, as judged from fossil diatom assemblages. Both the tsunami and the ensuing uplift exceeded any in the region's 200 years of written history, and both resulted from a shallow plate-boundary earthquake of unusually large size along the Kuril subduction zone. This earthquake probably induced more creep farther down the plate boundary than did any of the region's historical events.     

Integrin-mediated long-term B cell retention in the splenic marginal zone

The mechanisms that control localization of marginal zone (MZ) B cells are poorly understood. Here we show that MZ B cells express elevated levels of the integrins LFA-1 (alphaLbeta2) and alpha4beta1 and that they bind to the ligands ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. These ligands are expressed within the MZ in a lymphotoxin-dependent manner. Combined inhibition of LFA-1 and alpha4beta1 causes a rapid and selective release of B cells from the MZ. Furthermore, lipopolysaccharide-triggered MZ B cell relocalization involves down-regulation of integrin-mediated adhesion. These studies identify key requirements for MZ B cell localization and establish a role for integrins in peripheral lymphoid tissue compartmentalization.     

A seismotectonic model for the 300-kilometer-long eastern tennessee seismic zone

Ten years of monitoring microearthquakes with a regional seismic network has revealed the presence of a well-defined, linear zone of seismic activity in eastern Tennessee. This zone produced the second highest release of seismic strain energy in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains during the last decade, when normalized by crustal area. The data indicate that seismicity produced by regional, intraplate stresses is now concentrating near the boundary between relatively strong and weak basement crustal blocks.     

Pediplain in northern chile and the andean uplift

A pediplain in the Chilean Atacama Desert formed during Oligocene and Miocene time when the aridity of the region started and was later displaced by north-trending faults associated with the Andean uplift. Block basins and some horsts were later concealed by Upper Tertiary and Quaternary orogenic sediments and ignimbrites.     

An inverted double seismic zone in chile: evidence of phase transformation in the subducted slab

Data from two microseismic field experiments in northern Chile revealed an elongated cluster of earthquakes in the subducted Nazca plate at a depth of about 100 kilometers in which down-dip tensional events were consistently shallower than a family of compressional earthquakes. This double seismic zone shows a distribution of stresses of opposite polarity relative to that observed in other double seismic zones in the world. The distribution of stresses in northern Chile supports the notion that at depths of between 90 to 150 kilometers, the basalt to eclogite transformation of the subducting oceanic crust induces tensional deformation in the upper part of the subducted slab and compressional deformation in the underlying mantle.     

沈阳新城区土地利用结构及生态足迹分析

依据用地面积分布数据和开发建设规划,利用信息熵和土地利用均衡度指标,分析了沈北新区土地利用结构的变化趋势.结果表明:沈北新区土地利用信息熵和均匀度总体呈下降趋势,土地利用系统向相对有序状态发展,土地利用的均质性减小,土地利用方式趋向多样化;研究区人均生态足迹为1.22 hm2/人,生态赤字达0.93 hm2/人,处于不可持续发展状态.     

Devonian brachiopods from the sillimanite zone, mount moosilauke, new hampshire

Devonian brachiopods, identifiable at the generic level, have been recovered from calc-silicate rocks more intensely metamorphosed and metasomatized than any other known fossil occurrence. The fossils are a key stratigraphic link between granulite facies rocks of central New Hampshire and fossiliferous rocks of western New Hampshire and Maine.     

对海峡西岸经济区新战略与新农村建设的认识

围绕“新”进行深入的分析，对区域发展战略的历史进行对比，分析海峡西岸经济区建设的新战略，提出海峡西岸经济区新农村建设具有的新内涵，最后阐述了海峡西岸社会主义新农村建设的特色。     

Early cretaceous uplift in the ellsworth mountains of west antarctica

Apatite fission-track analysis of samples covering a 4.2-kilometer vertical section from the western flank of Vinson Massif, Antarctica's highest mountain, indicates that the Ellsworth Mountains were uplifted by 4 kilometers or more during the Early Cretaceous following the initial separation of East and West Gondwana and accompanying the opening of the Weddell Sea. Relief of at least 1.8 kilometers has persisted in the Ellsworth Mountains since the Early Cretaceous, and a maximum of 3 kilometers of uplift has occurred since that time.     

Phytoplankton pigments from the nimbus-7 coastal zone color scanner: comparisons with surface measurements

The removal of atmospheric effects from Nimbus-7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) images reveals eddy-like ocean turbidity patterns not apparent in the original calibrated images. Comparisons of the phytoplankton pigment concentrations derived from the corrected CZCS radiances with surface measurements agree to within less than 0.5 log C, where C is the sum of the concentrations of chlorophyll a plus phaeopigments a (in milligrams per cubic meter).     

贵州省红枫湖流域溪流级别、景观背景与水质的关系

选择红枫湖上游的夏云镇流域,研究不同溪流级别与溪流水质的关系。浑浊度、铵态氮含量与溪流级别存在较为明显的关系,总的来看,随溪流级别增加,溪流水浑浊度及铵态氮含量增加。在空间上表现为自上游至下游水质快速下降。未来应在加大水质监测密度的基础上,定量研究区分不同土地利用方式对水质的影响程度,为有效控制面源污染和治理红枫湖水环境提供基础依据。     

西方现代主义思潮与意识流文学的转向特征

19世纪末以来,现代主义思潮渗透到现代主义文化的每一个角落,并直接哺育了许多流派的西方现代主义文学艺术。意识流文学是在现代主义思潮的影响下,继表现主义、未来主义、超现实主义之后出现的一个重要流派。意识流文学作家从叙事时间、叙事模式、思维模式以及心理描写等方面大胆突破,反对虚构故事情节,主张反映真实的生活,再现客体(包括人)的实在性,这使得西方文学发生了转向并展示出独特的艺术表现特征。