All-metal antiaromatic molecule: rectangular Al4(4-) in the Li3Al4(-) anion

We report the experimental and theoretical characterization of antiaromaticity in an all-metal system, Li3Al4(-), which we produced by laser vaporization and studied with the use of photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. The most stable structure of Li3Al4(-) found theoretically contained a rectangular Al4(4-) tetraanion stabilized by the three Li+ ions in a capped octahedral arrangement. Molecular orbital analyses reveal that the rectangular Al4(4-) tetraanion has four pi electrons, consistent with the 4n Hückel rule for antiaromaticity.     

Discrete sandwich compounds of monolayer palladium sheets

Despite the abundance of "sandwich" complexes, in which two cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ligands flank a metal center, this motif has not been extended to sheets of multiple metal atoms. We prepared and isolated two such compounds. In the first, three palladium centers form a planar triangular array, capped by chlorides, between two cycloheptatrienyl ligands. In the second, a pentapalladium sheet adopts an edge-sharing triangle-trapezoid skeleton between two naphthacene rings. The compounds were characterized by x-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The nature of bonding in the clusters was analyzed by quantum calculations.     

A main group metal sandwich: five lithium cations jammed between two corannulene tetraanion decks

Lithium-coordinated polyaromatic anions such as tetrareduced corannulene, C(20)H(10)(4-) (1(4-)), are useful substrates to model and ultimately improve the graphitic electrodes in lithium-ion (Li(+)) batteries. Previous studies suggested that 1(4-) forms dimers encasing four Li(+) ions in solution. Here, we report a single-crystal x-ray diffraction analysis confirming the formation of a sandwich-type supramolecular aggregate with a high degree of alkali metal intercalation. In contrast to the prior model, our data reveal that five Li(+) ions are sandwiched between the two tetrareduced corannulene decks, and (7)Li nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy delineates a conserved structure in tetrahydrofuran solution. Remarkably, the sandwich is robust in both solution and solid states even in the presence of crown ethers that compete for Li(+) coordination. These results should help elucidate Li(+) intercalation motifs between curved carbon surfaces more broadly.     

原子吸收光谱法测定浓海水中的微量锂

采用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定浓海水中微量金属锂离子时,干扰主要来自浓海水中共存的高浓度的阳离子。探讨了共存的主要阳离子对锂离子测定的影响,并分析了消除高浓度阳离子干扰的方法。结果表明：Ca2＋和Mg2＋是主要干扰元素,可以采用标准加入法消除共存的高浓度阳离子的干扰;锂在0.13～1.92 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为99.62%。     

Binding of alkali metal ions by cyclic polyethers: significance in ion transport processes

Values for the formation constant (log K), the change in enthalpy (triangle upH degrees ), and the change in entropy (triangle upS degrees ) have been determined for the interaction of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium ions with the two isomers of the cyclic polyether, 2,5,8,15,18,21-hexaoxatricyclo[20.4.0.0(9,14)] hexacosane. The stability order of these metal ions with either isomer is identical to the permeability order for these same metal ions with the structurally related antibiotics, valinomycin and monactin.     

应用A蛋白夹心酶联免疫吸附法鉴定黄瓜花叶病毒血清组

根据Ａ蛋白夹心酶联免疫吸附法（ＰＡＳ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）试验结果可以将我国分离的１６个黄瓜花叶病毒（ＣＭＶ）分离物及４个ＣＭＶ标准毒株（Ｆｎｙ、Ｌｎｙ、Ｍ、ＷＬ）区分为２个血清组．１４个分离物及标准毒株Ｆｎｙ、Ｍ属ＤＴＬ血清组，２个分离物及标准毒株Ｌｎｙ、ＷＬ属ＴｏＲＳ血清组     

"Antidotal thirst": a response to intoxication

Albino rats increased their intake of water soon after they were given a load of 0.12 molar lithium chloride in the stomach. Alterations in blood volume and tonicity could not account for the magnitude of the thirst observed, which served to facilitate the renal excretion of the toxic lithium ions.     

葡萄酒中与风味相关4类含硫化合物的研究进展

含硫化合物如谷胱甘肽、硫醇、硫化氢、二氧化硫等都是葡萄酒中重要的风味物质,这4类含硫化合物的含量和形态影响着葡萄酒的风味,且两者都与这4类含硫化合物的来源、检测方法及葡萄酒生产工艺有直接或间接的关系,但针对以上方面的结论仍不统一。基于此,本文整理了这4类含硫化合物在葡萄酒中的含量和存在形态、来源、检测方法、贮藏期间的变化及控制方法这5个方面的研究进展。就含量和存在形态而言,谷胱甘肽主要以还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）的形式存在,含量不高于70 mg?L ^-1;硫醇以游离态存在,或与金属离子结合,硫醇含量与具体种类相关,数量级从ng?L ^-1到μg?L ^-1不等;硫化氢主要以结合态存在,易与金属离子结合,总含量不高于30 μg?L ^-1;二氧化硫常以气体形式或亚硫酸氢根形式存在,或与含羰基化合物结合,总含量为64.8—166.5 mg?L ^-1。在来源方面,这4类含硫化合物都与发酵期间酿酒酵母的代谢活动有关。谷胱甘肽主要来源于未发酵葡萄汁原料,少部分来源于氨基酸的发酵代谢;硫醇来源于含硫氨基酸、谷胱甘肽的发酵代谢及以硫化氢为底物的化学反应;硫化氢主要源于含硫氨基酸、硫酸盐和亚硫酸盐的发酵代谢;二氧化硫主要来源于外源添加剂,也有少部分源自硫酸盐的发酵代谢。检测这4类含硫化合物时,常采用化学检测方法或光谱法,此类方法检测快速但误差较大;色谱法精确度高,但是样品预处理复杂,仪器昂贵。在贮藏期间葡萄酒中的铁、铜等过渡金属离子和氧气引起的Fenton反应和氧化反应显著影响部分硫醇和硫化氢的含量。最后针对部分含硫化合物带来的异味,可以通过优化原料品质、筛选酿酒酵母菌株、改进二氧化硫添加工艺、添加金属盐等方法降低。在今后的研究中,可从优化检测方法、探究发酵和贮藏陈酿期间含硫化合物变化机理、改进葡萄酒生产环节等方面展开工作。     

Evoked release of norepinephrine and serotonin from brain slices: inhibitoon by lithium

Slices of mammalian brain accumulate H(3)-norepinephrine and H(3)-serotonin when incubated in a physiologic medium containing these tritiated monoamines. When these tissues are subjected to mild electrical stimulation of short duration, which is associated with depolarization of nerve membranes, a striking increase in the rate of efflux of the exogenous labeled monoamines occurs. Stimulation-induced release of both labeled monoamines is diminished by the presence of lithium ions in the perfusing medium; related monovalent cations had no such effect. Evoked release from slices of brain from animals treated intraperitoneally with lithium chloride for 3 days was also reduced.     

Membrane permeability: cation selectivity reversibly altered by salicylate

The effect of salicylate on the relative cation permeability of a membrane was investigated in large, identified molluscan neurons, with the use of intracellular recording techniques. Salicylate caused a reversible, dose-dependent decrease in the permeability of rubidium, cesium, sodium, and lithium ions relative to that of potassium ions. The results suggest that the changes in cation selectivity result from the adsorption of salicylate anions to the membrane with a subsequent increase in the density and field strength of anionic sites in the membrane.     

Zinc mediation of the binding of human growth hormone to the human prolactin receptor

Human growth hormone (hGH) elicits a diverse set of biological activities including lactation that derives from binding to the prolactin (PRL) receptor. The binding affinity of hGH for the extracellular binding domain of the hPRL receptor (hPRLbp) was increased about 8000-fold by addition of 50 micromolar ZnCl2. Zinc was not required for binding of hGH to the hGH binding protein (hGHbp) or for binding of hPRL to the hPRLbp. Other divalent metal ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, and Co2+) at physiological concentrations did not support such strong binding. Scatchard analysis indicated a stoichiometry of one Zn2+ per hGH.hPRLbp complex. Mutational analysis showed that a cluster of three residues (His18, His21, and Glu174) in hGH and His188 from the hPRLbp (conserved in all PRL receptors but not GH receptors) are probable Zn2+ ligands. This polypeptide hormone.receptor "zinc sandwich" provides a molecular mechanism to explain why nonprimate GHs are not lactogenic and offers a molecular link between zinc deficiency and its association with altered functions of hGH.     

Solid state electrodes for high energy batteries

A new class of electrode materials for high energy density, rechargeable batteries based on topochemical reactions of lithium and transition metal compounds is evolving. The physical and structural properties relevant to the ability of transition metal oxides with framework structures to topochemically incorporate lithium are discussed. Perovskite-related structures are particularly attractive hosts for lithium.     

不同桂花品种香气成分的差异分析1）

为研究不同桂花品种芳香物质的组分与质量分数,利用顶空固相微萃取（ HS－SPME）与气相色谱－质谱联用（ GC－MS）技术,对4个品种群8个桂花品种鲜花中的芳香物质进行分析。结果共检测出52种化合物,在四季桂品种群的2个品种和丹桂品种群的2个品种中分别都检测到32种化合物,在银桂品种群的2个品种和金桂品种群的2个品种中分别检测到34种和33种化合物。芳樟醇、芳樟醇氧化物、β－紫罗兰酮、二氢－β－紫罗兰酮、正己醛,以及叶醛等构成桂花香气的主要成分。总之,4个品种群的桂花香气成分及质量分数都存在差异,但同一桂花品种群内桂花的花香成分相差不大。     

尿素配合物微量元素肥料的合成

用铁、锰、铜、锌的硝酸盐分别与尿素反应 ,合成了四种固体配合物。它们均易溶于水。根据物质结构理论 ,这些金属离子与尿素中的氮原子发生了配位 ,使金属更易被植物吸收 ,使氮缓释。因而合成的此类配合物不仅是优良的微量元素肥料 ,而且也是一种长效的氮肥。     

Tat protein from human immunodeficiency virus forms a metal-linked dimer

Tat, the transactivating protein from HIV, forms a metal-linked dimer with metal ions bridging cysteine-rich regions from each monomer. This novel arrangement is distinct from the "zinc finger" domain observed in other eukaryotic regulatory proteins. Ultraviolet absorption spectra show that Tat binds two Zn2+ or two Cd2+ ions per monomer, and electrophoresis of the Tat-metal complexes demonstrates that the protein forms metal-linked dimers. Partial proteolysis and circular dichroism spectra suggest that metal binding has its primary effects in the cysteine-rich region and relatively little effect on the folding of other regions. These results suggest new directions for biological studies and new approaches to drug design.     

The site of attachment in human rhinovirus 14 for antiviral agents that inhibit uncoating

WIN 51711 and WIN 52084 are structurally related, antiviral compounds that inhibit the replication of rhino (common cold) viruses and related picornaviruses. They prevent the pH-mediated uncoating of the viral RNA. The compounds consist of a 3-methylisoxazole group that inserts itself into the hydrophobic interior of the VP1 beta-barrel, a connecting seven-membered aliphatic chain, and a 4-oxazolinylphenoxy group (OP) that covers the entrance to an ion channel in the floor of the "canyon." Viral disassembly may be inhibited by preventing the collapse of the VP1 hydrophobic pocket or by blocking the flow of ions into the virus interior.     

Electroactive polymers and macromolecular electronics

Electrodes can be coated with electrochemically reactive polymers in several microstructural formats called sandwich, array, bilayer, micro-, and ion-gate electrodes. These microstructures can be used to study the transport of electrons and ions through the polymers as a function of the polymer oxidation state, which is essential for understanding the conductivity properties of these new chemical materials. The microstructures also exhibit potentially useful electrical and optical responses, including current rectification, charge storage and amplification, electron-hole pair separation, and gates for ion flow.     

土地资源管理专业“三明治”培养模式探讨

在论述土地资源管理专业基本特点的基础上,探讨了土地资源管理专业＂三明治＂培养模式的内容、目的和实施过程管理等问题。     

木质基直柱型点阵夹芯结构的平压和弯曲性能研究

利用一种简单的插入-胶合方法,以杨木单板层积材和桦木圆棒榫制备了一种新型的木质基柱型点阵夹芯结构;采用正态测试方法和无损检测方法分别对圆棒榫和面板进行优选以降低木材变异性对试验结果的影响;对由2种不同圆棒榫尺寸制备的夹芯结构的平压和弯曲性能进行了研究.结果表明,运用理论模型来预测该种夹芯结构的平压强度和平压弹性模量试验结果表明,理论预测值大于实测值;平压试验的主要失效模式是圆棒榫的剪切破坏,与此同时该种夹芯结构在平压试验中表现出较好的能量吸收能力,而这一性能对其在木结构中应用的安全性极为重要;该种夹芯结构的弯曲性能与相对密度存在一定的线性关系.     

Mass spectrometry sampling under ambient conditions with desorption electrospray ionization

A new method of desorption ionization is described and applied to the ionization of various compounds, including peptides and proteins present on metal, polymer, and mineral surfaces. Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) is carried out by directing electrosprayed charged droplets and ions of solvent onto the surface to be analyzed. The impact of the charged particles on the surface produces gaseous ions of material originally present on the surface. The resulting mass spectra are similar to normal ESI mass spectra in that they show mainly singly or multiply charged molecular ions of the analytes. The DESI phenomenon was observed both in the case of conductive and insulator surfaces and for compounds ranging from nonpolar small molecules such as lycopene, the alkaloid coniceine, and small drugs, through polar compounds such as peptides and proteins. Changes in the solution that is sprayed can be used to selectively ionize particular compounds, including those in biological matrices. In vivo analysis is demonstrated.