秋香梨在自然催熟和人工催熟条件下的成熟特性

为使梨果提前上市 ,对本省主要的梨果品种——秋香梨进行自然催熟和乙烯利浸果的人工催熟处理 ,经催熟的秋香梨乙烯大量产生 ,可溶性固形物、总糖、可滴定酸的含量上升 ,果肉软化、果皮黄化、果实散发出浓郁的香气。随采收期不同 ,呼吸强度表现出不同的变化趋势 ;果实品质和耐贮性亦随采收期不同而存在差异。人工催熟能加快果实的成熟进程 ,催熟效果优于自然催熟。秋香梨于 8月中下旬进行人工催熟可获得较好的果实品质和经济效益     

Gibberellin delays ripening of tomatoes

Treatment with gibberellic acid, at concentrations as low as 10(-7)M, of intact tomato fruits, or of pieces in tissue culture, markedly retarded ripening in terms of development of redness. Ethylene stimulations of color development were prevented by treatment with gibberellic acid, but ethylene stimulations of respiration were not. Gibberellin can delay the progress of some components of the ripening of fruit, preventing some of the changes triggered by ethylene.     

陕西几种土壤粘粒的表面固有特征

表面络合模式中的恒定容量模式 (CCM)、三层模式 (TL M)均不同程度适应于描述土壤粘粒表面的固有特征。 TL M图解法的单外推法既可求出表面酸度常数 ,同时也可求出介质阳离子的络合常数 ;供试土壤粘粒的表面固有酸度常数 p Kinta2 在 5 .1 1～ 6 .4 4 ,且呈现土娄土 >黄绵土 >黑垆土 >黄褐土。同一土壤粘粒在不同介质中的固有酸度常数也有明显的差异 ,p Kinta2 (Ca2 + )

Kint Na+ ,Kint K+ 。     

果实成熟分子生理的研究进展

对果实发育和成熟过程中乙烯生化合成和响应、细胞壁代射、光信号传导等三方面作了综述，并对今后的研究方向进行了探讨。     

Stability of peroxide-containing uranyl minerals

Minerals containing peroxide are limited to studtite, (UO2)O2(H2O)4, and metastudtite, (UO2)O2(H2O)2. High-temperature oxide-melt solution calorimetry and solubility measurements for studtite (standard enthalpy of formation at 298 kelvin is -2344.7 +/- 4.0 kilojoules per mole from the elements) establishes that these phases are stable in peroxide-bearing environments, even at low H2O2 concentrations. Natural radioactivity in a uranium deposit, or the radioactivity of nuclear waste, can create sufficient H2O2 by alpha radiolysis of water for studtite formation. Studtite and metastudtite may be important alteration phases of nuclear waste in a geological repository and of spent fuel under any long-term storage, possibly at the expense of the commonly expected uranyl oxide hydrates and uranyl silicates.     

活性氧调控果实发育成熟的研究进展

活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)存在于整个植物生长发育过程,一旦积累过多会导致氧化应激反应,但是适度的氧化胁迫有利于果实成熟。本文对活性氧影响果实成熟的生理机制,活性氧与激素互作调控果实成熟的机理,活性氧调控果实成熟的分子机制,以及活性氧与钙离子调控采后果实后熟等相关研究进展进行了总结和评述,旨在通过总结活性氧直接或间接调控果实衰老成熟的研究进展,为今后利用活性氧调控果实成熟提供理论依据和参考。     

乙烯对树莓果实成熟软化的影响

采收不同成熟期"哈瑞太兹"树莓果实,成熟期果实室温放置16、30、44、56 h,乙烯利和1-MCP处理白果期果实1、2、3、4、5 d,测定呼吸速率、乙烯生成速率、乙烯相关酶基因RiACO1和RiACS1转录水平以及相关生理指标。发现果实自然成熟过程中未出现呼吸峰和乙烯峰,且采后短时间内呼吸速率及乙烯生成速率无明显变化,乙烯利处理可暂时提高呼吸速率和乙烯生成速率,提高RiACO1和RiACS1转录水平,加速果实变红,降低硬度、可溶性固形物和花青素积累以及可滴定酸和叶绿素含量,而1-MCP处理延缓此过程。据此,树莓可能具有跃变型和非跃变型果实两种呼吸类型的特点。     

中华绒螯蟹中微量元素的分布及评估

研究了中华绒螯蟹中K、Na、Fe、Zn、Cu、Cd、Pb和Cr等微量元素在身体肌肉、螯足肌肉、鳃丝、性腺和肝胰脏中的分布状况,以及雄蟹和雌蟹的差异,并对中华绒螯蟹微量元素的营养价值和重金属污染的情况进行了评价。结果表明,中华绒螯蟹中K、Na含量最高,Fe、Zn、Cu次之,Cd、Pb、Cr最低。同一元素在不同部位的分布有较明显的差异,鳃丝中各种微量元素的含量都较高。多数微量元素的含量在雌雄蟹各部位之间没有明显的差异,但性腺中Cd、Cu、Na、K和Cr的含量有明显的差异,其中Cr在雌蟹和雄蟹肌肉中的含量也有明显的差异。中华绒螯蟹是K、Na、Fe、Zn、Cu等微量元素的良好食品来源,但Pb、Cd污染情况较为严重。     

芒果快速催熟试验

自然状态下芒果后熟一般需要5—8天。后熟期果实糖分上升时，易于出现炭疽病、蒂腐病。药物快速催熟可以缩短后熟时间，减少炭疽病、蒂腐病的发病率，提高果实商品率。试验结果显示，对芒果快速催熟及防病的最佳处理为：3kg水 1．5包催红素 4000μl/L乙烯利 600倍可杀得。     

中华绒螯蟹中微量元素的分布及评估

研究了中华绒螯蟹中K、Na、Fe、Zn、Cu、Cd、Pb和Cr等微量元素在身体肌肉、螯足肌肉、鳃丝、性腺和肝胰脏中的分布状况,以及雄蟹和雌蟹的差异,并对中华绒螯蟹微量元素的营养价值和重金属污染的情况进行了评价。结果表明,中华绒螯蟹中K、Na含量最高,Fe、Zn、Cu次之,Cd、Pb、Cr最低。同一元素在不同部位的分布有较明显的差异,鳃丝中各种微量元素的含量都较高。多数微量元素的含量在雌雄蟹各部位之间没有明显的差异,但性腺中Cd、Cu、Na、K和Cr的含量有明显的差异,其中Cr在雌蟹和雄蟹肌肉中的含量也有明显的差异。中华绒螯蟹是K、Na、Fe、Zn、Cu等微量元素的良好食品来源,但Pb、Cd污染情况较为严重。     

Time and metamorphic petrology: calcite to aragonite experiments

Although the equilibrium phase relations of many mineral systems are generally well established, the rates of transformations, particularly in polycrystalline rocks, are not. The results of experiments on the calcite to aragonite transformation in polycrystalline marble are different from those for earlier experiments on powdered and single-crystal calcite. The transformation in the polycrystalline samples occurs by different mechanisms, with a different temperature dependence, and at a markedly slower rate. This work demonstrates the importance of kinetic studies on fully dense polycrystalline aggregates for understanding mineralogic phase changes in nature. Extrapolation of these results to geological time scales suggests that transformation of calcite to aragonite does not occur in the absence of volatiles at temperatures below 200 degrees C. Kinetic hindrance is likely to extend to higher temperatures in more complex transformations.     

Variable chlorophyll fluorescence of apple skin during ripening and storage

This paper considers the method of control over apple maturation in an orchard based on the photosynthetic activity measured by the variation of induction of chlorophyll fluorescence in the apple skin. It is shown that the highest information value is inherent to the shadow side of the apple fruit, where the variation of induction of chlorophyll shows the rate of apple maturity, whereas the photosynthetic activity on the sun side is minimal due to the almost complete absence of chlorophyll. During maturation in the orchard, there are seven-day periods related to endogenous physiological processes that take place in the fruit independently of external factors. The revealed mechanism will make it possible to develop the method for determination of optimum harvest date in the orchard as well as to control fruit ripening during storage at low temperatures.     

乙烯与猕猴桃果实的后熟软化

研究猕猴桃果实成熟进程中内源乙烯释放规律以及外源乙烯处理对果实后熟软化的效应,以 探讨乙烯与猕猴桃果实后熟软化的关系．结果表明,猕猴桃果实采后后熟软化分为前期的软化启动阶段 和后期的快速软化阶段,乙烯在果实成熟过程的作用主要是加速了快速软化阶段的果实软化进程,而与 软化启动阶段的果实软化启动无明显相关;外源乙烯可加速猕猴桃果实后熟软化,其调控机理并不是通 过促进果实内源乙烯的合成而实现的。     

Heat-producing elements and the thermal and baric patterns of metamorphic belts

The character of sedimentary basins, before they are deformed and metamorphosed, may strongly influence the thermal and baric patterns of metamorphic belts. Crustal thickening of anoxic sedimentary basins and subsequent thermal reequilibration may produce large areas of high-grade metamorphic rocks and granites because the concentrations of the heat-producing elements are high in such basins. In New England there is a spatial association among granites and high-grade metasedimentary rocks rich in U and Th that now form the Central Maine terrane. The high content of heat-producing elements in these rocks is attributed to fixing of U and Th in highly reduced sediments that were deposited in an anoxic basin that formed in the Silurian. When the basin was thickened during the Devonian Acadian orogeny, the thermal energy generated by the U- and Th-rich sediments produced the observed broad zone of high-grade rocks and anatectic granites. This hypothesis was tested with thermal calculations that reproduce most of the first-order thermal and baric patterns of the Acadian Appalachians, if pretectonic lateral variations in heat production are assumed.     

Materials: solidification and ostwald ripening of near-monotectic zinc-lead alloys

Studies of melting and resolidification were carried out on Spacelab 1 on the zinc-lead binary, an alloy which exhibits a miscibility gap in the liquid state. The possibility of maintaining the state of homogeneous dispersion of lead in the zinc matrix in a microgravity environment was verified. The second objective of the experiment was to study Ostwald ripening of the lead droplets (manifested as slow coarsening of the droplets) within the region of immiscibility. An increase in droplet size was observed and may have been due to Ostwald ripening, although the effect on droplet size of precipitation during cooling must be analyzed before this can be determined conclusively.     

烤烟成熟期多酚及相关氧化酶活性的变化

研究了K326和红花大金元2个烤烟品种成熟期多酚及相关氧化酶活性的变化.结果表明,随着烟叶的成熟,叶片中的多酚和抗坏血酸的含量逐渐升高,打顶后30 d达到最高,此后这2类化合物的含量基本保持稳定.烟叶中多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性在适熟时达到最高,此后迅速降低.K326和红花大金元的多酚含量变化趋势基本相同,但红花大金元的多酚积累量均高于K326,而K326的抗坏血酸含量和POD,PPO活性均高于红花大金元.