安徽省沿江植棉区油棉连作棉田杂草多样性调查

 对安徽省东至县油菜-棉花连作棉田杂草群落进行调查,利用Shanon Weiner指数、Simpson指数、物种丰富度指数、生态优势度和均匀度指数分析了杂草群落结构及杂草种群优势度。结果表明,油菜-棉花连作棉田杂草有15科30种,其中早熟禾、通泉草、马齿苋、千金子和婆婆纳为优势种;双子叶杂草在种类和数量上均超过单子叶杂草,成为杂草群落的优势种群;该棉田杂草群落参数中Shanon Weiner指数和Simpson指数均偏低,表明群落结构不稳定。     

安徽省沿江棉区移栽棉田杂草发生及其化学防除研究

通过2009年的调查,明确了安徽省沿江棉区移栽棉田杂草种类、发生规律及对棉花的危害,同时研究了4种棉田常用除草剂对移栽棉田杂草的防除效果,明确了其对棉花的安全性。     

棉花叶螨的寄主种类调查初报

棉花叶螨俗称棉红蜘蛛。它是我省棉区的重要害虫之一。棉花叶螨的食性很杂,为害棉花等多种作物,查明寄主植物,对开展棉田外及间作作物上棉花叶螨的防治可提供科学依据;棉田附近的棉花叶螨的寄主杂草,与棉花叶螨在棉田的数量消长,有很密切的关系,查明其寄主杂草种类,并消灭其杂草寄主,是防治棉叶螨的一项重要措施。1976—1980年,我们对棉花叶螨的寄主种类进行了比较广泛的调查和接种观察,初步查明棉花叶螨在我地的寄主植物共有70种,分属31科。其中野生杂草25种,分属于     

不同棉田杂草化学防除技术

不同棉田杂草化学防除技术①马奇祥孔建河南省农科院植保所郑州４５０００２由于棉花是宽行作物，封行时间迟，杂草出苗危害时间长。更由于棉花生长季节高温多雨，杂草种类多、数量大，人工除草费工费时，机械除草又难以进行，因此管理不及时容易造成草荒。棉田杂草主要有...     

新疆昌吉州棉田杂草发生演替规律调查研究

2013—2015年开展昌吉州棉田杂草调查研究工作,并结合2006年以来棉田杂草发生情况分析,明确了棉田杂草种类及消长规律,掌握了棉田杂草群落结构及演替规律,研究了除草剂施用对棉田杂草群落演替的影响,为棉田杂草防控提供了科学依据,对昌吉州棉花优质、高效生产具有重要意义。     

棉田化学除草

一、棉田杂草种类和大致出土时间据初步调查,江苏滨海棉区的棉田杂草,计有10多个科,近30种,其中发生期长,发生量大,为害最严重的恶性杂草是马唐和牛筋草。其出土数量,每平方米少则300—500株,多则2000—3000株。马唐的出土初期为4月底至5月初,出土盛期为5月中旬和6月中旬,出土末期为7月上旬至中下旬。牛筋草的出土初期为立夏以后至6月上旬,出土盛期为6月中旬和7月下旬。两种杂草的出土时间长达100天之久。在棉花     

3种除草剂防除直播棉田杂草试验

安徽省沿江棉区在棉花生长的前期 ,常多阴雨 ,易于发生大量的杂草危害 ,阻碍棉花的生长 ,是高效、优质棉花生产的重要制约因素之一。为明确旱草灵、棉草宁及棉草灵对直播棉田杂草的防除效果 ,1 998年安排了 3种除草剂防除杂草的田间试验。37%旱草灵 EC和 37%棉草宁 EC均由江苏农科院植保所提供 ,40 %的棉草灵 EC由江苏沿江地区农科所提供。供试棉花品种为皖杂 40 F2 代。试验地属于砂壤土、冬闲地 ,杂草有 :禾本科类杂草千金子 (77.87株· m-2 )、牛筋草 (35.0 7株· m-2 )、马唐 (1 5.54株· m-2 )、莎草 (1 3.1 4株· m-2 ) ;阔叶类杂…     

种植不同冷季型草对稻田冬闲田杂草群落的影响

选择长沙、宁乡、湘阴三个地区的双季稻田,从2012年至2013年,以冬闲田为对照,冬季种植黑麦草、燕麦、紫云英、白三叶和油菜,研究不同冷季型草对冬闲田杂草群落结构的影响。结果表明,与冬闲相比,种植不同冷季型草后杂草群落均有所减少,其中种植黑麦草小区杂草种类与数量最少,宁乡试验点减少3个种类共552株,长沙试验点减少6个种类共718株,湘阴试验点减少7个种类共452株。种植不同冷季型草对防控稻田冬闲田的杂草均有一定效果,而以种植黑麦草效果最佳。而种植燕麦后杂草群落数量分布较均匀,最有利于保护杂草多样性。     

舞钢市棉田杂草调查及防治技术

近几年来在种植业结构调整中,棉花已成为舞钢市农村经济的支柱产业。全市常年植棉面积1000hm2,单产皮棉1305kg·hm-2,棉田平均产值3万元·hm-2左右。棉花种植模式主要有麦棉套种和瓜棉套种,种植方法大多实行营养钵育苗移栽或地膜覆盖,不同的种植方式都能为杂草的生长创造条件,形成小气候,有利于杂草的生长,如管理不及时,中后期会形成草荒。2001—2005年通过对全市棉田杂草进行调查,杂草种类有10科20种。禾本科杂草占17.8%,阔叶杂草占76.4%,其它杂草占5.8%;一年生杂草占82.3%,多年生杂草占17.7%,以马唐、狗尾草、牛筋草、藜、苋、香附子、蟋…     

不同耕作模式对玉米田杂草发生规律的影响

在免耕、旋耕和翻耕玉米田试验区调查杂草种类和出苗数量,并在玉米生长中后期调查杂草种类、株数和鲜重。结果表明,不同耕作模式玉米田杂草发生规律有明显差异。免耕、旋耕和翻耕玉米田禾本科杂草高峰期都在播种后5周发生;阔叶杂草发生高峰期不同,免耕田为播种后1周,旋耕和翻耕田均在播种后2周。杂草种类不同,玉米生长中后期,免耕田有8种杂草,旋耕田有10种,翻耕田有12种;杂草发生总量不同,免耕田杂草总量最多,旋耕田居中,翻耕田最少;杂草单株鲜重不同,免耕田杂草单株鲜重最低,旋耕田居中,翻耕田最高。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.