双组分系统CpxR影响禽致病性大肠杆菌的耐药性、抗血清杀菌能力及毒力

CpxR是细菌中Cpx双组分系统（two component system,TCS）的反应调控蛋白,通过调控靶基因的转录表达,在细菌细胞膜稳定及毒力方面发挥作用。本研究旨在探究TCS CpxR对禽致病性大肠杆菌（avian pathogenic Escherichia coli,APEC）基本生物学特性、抗血清杀菌能力及致病性的影响。利用Red同源重组系统及互补质粒构建cpxR基因缺失株、互补株,然后比较分析野生株、基因缺失株与互补株的生长曲线、运动性、生物被膜形成能力、药物敏感性、抗血清杀菌能力、动物致病性的差异。结果显示：cpxR基因缺失株与野生株、互补株的生长速度和运动性能无明显差异,且缺失cpxR基因不影响APEC的生物被膜形成能力。然而,缺失CpxR导致APEC对阿米卡星和卡那霉素耐药性降低。血清杀菌试验结果显示,CpxR有助于APEC的抗血清杀菌能力。动物感染试验结果显示,野生株、cpxR基因缺失株和互补株对雏鸭的半数致死量（LD₅₀）分别为7.50×10⁵、7.50×10⁶、1.33×10⁶ CFU,表明CpxR缺失显著降低APEC的毒力。综上表明,TCS CpxR在APEC耐药性、抗血清杀菌能力及毒力方面发挥作用,为阐明APEC的环境适应性、生存能力及致病机制提供参考。     

致病性大肠杆菌携带原噬菌体的预测及耐药性与毒力研究

【目的】研究致病性大肠杆菌携带原噬菌体的比例、原噬菌体携带毒力基因及耐药基因的情况,了解致病性大肠杆菌中原噬菌体对菌株的耐药性与毒力的影响,保证噬菌体生产菌的生物安全性,为大肠杆菌噬菌体的基础研究与应用提供借鉴。【方法】从NCBI中下载大肠杆菌全基因组信息,通过在线网站预测大肠杆菌中携带的原噬菌体数目,并分析原噬菌体的GC含量、基因组大小、占细菌基因组比例等基因组特征及完整型原噬菌体的类型,对原噬菌体做初步分类,统计分析完整型原噬菌体中携带耐药基因数目、耐药表型、耐药机制与毒力基因数目、毒力基因家族分布等。【结果】112株大肠杆菌携带完整型原噬菌体1 024个,疑似型原噬菌体287个,缺陷型原噬菌体505个。1 024个完整型原噬菌体中,多数与长尾噬菌体相似,占70.21%(719/1 024);共有63种噬菌体类型,其中BP4795(登录号：NC＿004813.1)类型的占比最高,达到19.24%(197/1 024),其次是DE3(登录号：NC＿042057.1),占比11.72%(120/1 024)。大肠杆菌携带原噬菌体的GC含量在38%～57%之间,基因组大小为3.1～152...     

奶牛乳房炎源大肠埃希氏菌的耐药性分析和毒力基因检测

为了解奶牛乳房炎大肠埃希氏菌耐药性、毒力基因携带及分布情况,从2019年9月至2020年6月在新疆乌鲁木齐、伊犁、昌吉地区的7个奶牛场共采集了142份乳房炎奶牛牛乳样本,采用麦康凯培养基和伊红美蓝培养基进行筛选,利用生化试验和16S rDNA PCR方法鉴定出大肠埃希氏菌,用K-B纸片扩散法对分离株进行耐药性检测,PC...     

Characterization of Escherichia coli Isolates Incriminated in Colisepticaemia in Mink

Colisepticaemia is a major health and economic concern for the mink industry, yet little information is available about the Escherichia coli that cause this disease. In this study, 40 E. coli, isolated from mink clinically diagnosed with colisepticaemia that had been submitted to the North Dakota State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, were randomly selected for characterization. These isolates were serotyped and screened for resistance to 18 antimicrobials, possession of transmissible R plasmids, and the presence of several virulence traits or genes using bioassays or the polymerase chain reaction. Several serotypes were identified that have previously been associated with septicaemia in other animal species. The majority of the isolates exhibited multiple antimicrobial resistance phenotypes. Common resistance phenotypes observed included those to tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, ampicillin and kanamycin. Several of the isolates that could be studied by conjugation contained transmissible R plasmids coding for multiple antimicrobial resistance phenotypes. About half of the isolates produced colicin; all produced enterobactin; and all but one-quarter produced aerobactin. None of the isolates tested produced enterohaemolysin, and one-fifth were considered to be beta haemolytic. About half appeared to contain the gene encoding cytotoxic necrotizing factor-I; three contained the gene encoding EAE, but none appeared to contain the genes coding for LT, Sta/b, SLT-I/II or CNF-II toxins or K99 antigen. Approximately one-third of the isolates elaborated capsule. The results show that the E. coli isolates implicated in mink colisepticaemia possess similar virulence traits and antimicrobial resistance phenotypes to those associated with diarrhoeal diseases in food animals.     

Serotypes,Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Resistance of Duck Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Jiangsu Province and Its Surrounding Areas

In this study,191 strains of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) were isolated from duck farms in and around Jiangsu province.The serotype,virulence gene distribution and drug resistance of 21 strains (one from each farm) were detected,and the correlation between serotype,virulence gene distribution and drug resistance was analyzed,in order to provide reference for the prevention and control of APEC.The serotypes of 21 APEC strains showed that there were 12 strains of O65,accounting for 57.14% of all strains.The results of virulence gene detection showed that 5 virulence genes had a high distribution rate,among which the positive rate of fimA gene was 100%,and the positive rates of ECs3737,ECs3703,tsh and irp2 genes were 90.5%,85.7%,57.1% and 42.9%,respectively.There were 6 strains (28.57%) with five virulence genes.The results of drug sensitivity test showed that 21 APEC strains had multiple drug resistance,and 100% strains were resistant to enrofloxacin,doxycycline,vancomycin and erythromycin.Among all the strains,85.71% and 14.29% were resistant to more than 10 and 21 kinds of drugs,respectively.The relationship among serotypes,virulence gene distribution and drug resistance showed that there were 13 strains with more than 4 virulence genes,9 of which were O65 serotypes.Among the 13 strains with more than 4 virulence genes,9 strains (69.23%) were resistant to more than 15 drugs,and 3 strains (23.08%) were resistant to more than 20 drugs.The results showed that the serotypes of Escherichia coli isolated from ducks in Jiangsu province and its surrounding areas were complex,carrying a variety of virulence genes,and the drug resistance was serious.     

江苏及周边地区鸭致病性大肠杆菌血清型、毒力因子及耐药研究

本研究旨在明确江苏及周边地区鸭禽致病性大肠杆菌（avian pathogenic Escherichia coli,APEC）的血清型、毒力基因分布和耐药性之间的相关性,以期为APEC的防控提供依据。从江苏省及周边养鸭场分离了191株APEC,并对其中21株（每个养殖场选取1株）的O抗原血清型、毒力基因分布和耐药性进行检测。对21株APEC的血清型检测结果表明,O65血清型12株,占全部菌株的57.14%,O5、O28、O42、O87、O93、O138、O147血清型均为1株,其他血清型2株;毒力基因检测结果表明,5个毒力基因有较高的分布率,其中fimA基因的阳性率为100%,ECs3737、ECs3703、tsh和irp2基因的阳性率分别为90.5%、85.7%、57.1%和42.9%,含有5个毒力基因的菌株共有6株（28.57%）;药敏试验结果表明,21株APEC均存在多重耐药性,100%的分离菌株对恩诺沙星、强力霉素、万古霉素和红霉素耐药,85.71%的分离株对10种以上抗生素耐药,14.29%的菌株对21种药物都耐药;对血清型、毒力基因分布和耐药性之间的关系分析表明,含有4种以上毒力基因的菌株有13株,其中9株是O65血清型。在13株含有4种以上毒力基因的菌株中,耐15种药物以上的有9株（69.23%）,耐20种以上药物的有3株（23.08%）,表明含有4种以上毒力基因的菌株多重耐药现象严重。研究表明,江苏及周边地区鸭源大肠杆菌血清型复杂,携带多种毒力基因,耐药性严重。     

广西猪源产肠毒素大肠杆菌毒力因子及多重耐药性分析

本研究旨在探究广西某猪场可能存在的病原菌及其致病的主要原因。试验采用细菌分离纯化、形态学鉴定、生长曲线测定、生化分析及药敏试验等进行细菌的分离鉴定,应用PCR技术对菌株16S rRNA、毒力基因及耐药基因进行检测。结果表明,该由病料分离的菌株为无芽孢、有菌毛、两端钝圆的粗短杆状的革兰氏阴性菌,其繁殖能力强、生长迅速,疑似为大肠杆菌。16S rRNA扩增结果显示,出现大小为1 474 bp的条带,测序结果表明其与大肠杆菌的同源性可达99%。该菌株对31种常见抗菌药物表现出极强的耐药性,对庆大霉素、替米考星、四环素、恩诺沙星、青霉素、林可霉素、磺胺甲噁唑等均呈现较高的耐药水平,耐药率高达87.10%(27/32),仅对阿米卡星、黏菌素2种药物敏感。毒力因子检测共鉴定致病岛FyuA、肠毒素STb和LT及黏附素F41和K88共5种毒力因子,检出率为35.70%(5/14)。扩增出β-内酰胺酶类bla_TEM和bla_OXA、四环素类tet(A)、磺胺类Sul2、氨基糖苷类aadA1和aac(3′)-Ⅱa、喹诺酮类GyrA、GyrB和ParC及氯霉素floR共10种耐药基因,检出率为66.70%(10/15),且耐药基因的检出与耐药表型呈正相关。综上,该菌株含多种毒力因子,耐药型复杂,多重耐药性情况严重,需采取相应的预防措施,防止蔓延和传播。     

食品动物源大肠杆菌多重耐药性监测

为掌握畜禽源大肠杆菌的耐药情况,了解其对各种抗菌药物的敏感程度,自广东地区临床分离鉴定出294株食品动物源大肠杆菌,采用琼脂稀释法测定294株大肠杆菌对14种抗菌药物的敏感性。结果显示,食品动物源大肠杆菌对各抗菌药的敏感性不同,且多重耐药现象较严重;受试大肠杆菌对四环素和复方新诺明的耐药率较高,均达到80%以上;对第3代头孢菌素类耐药率相对较低。     

肉牛溶血性大肠埃希菌分离鉴定和毒力与耐药基因检测及药敏试验

为了解肉牛溶血性大肠埃希菌毒力基因和耐药基因分布情况及药物敏感性,从河北省围场县采集的健康肉牛鼻腔棉拭子中分离鉴定溶血性大肠埃希菌,采用PCR检测大肠埃希菌的4个毒力基因和12个耐药基因,并采用K-B法进行药敏试验。结果表明,从116份健康的肉牛鼻腔中分离鉴定出23株溶血性大肠埃希菌,分离率为19.8%;毒力基因检测结果显示,6株菌同时携带LEE(Ler、eaeA)毒力基因,携带率26.1%,18株同时携带高致病性毒力基因HPIirp2、fyuA,携带率78.3%,6株同时携带LEE和HPI毒力基因,携带率为26.1%;耐药基因检测结果显示,blaTEM、aadA1耐药基因的携带率最高,为100%;药敏试验结果显示,23株溶血性大肠埃希菌对头孢氨苄、复方新诺明、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶耐药。结果表明,溶血性大肠埃希菌普遍存在于健康肉牛鼻腔中,HPI毒力基因和β-内酰胺类和耐链霉素类耐药基因携带率高。对河北省围场县肉牛溶血性大肠埃希菌毒力基因和耐药基因进行了研究,并进行药物敏感性分析,结果提示溶血性大肠埃希菌对肉牛养殖存在潜在威胁。     

新疆牛、羊和骆驼源产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌的系统进化分群、血清群与毒力基因及耐药性分析

旨在了解新疆牛、羊和骆驼源产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌（Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli,STEC）的系统进化分群、血清群、毒力基因、耐药性及其遗传多样性,本研究采用PCR方法对牛、羊和骆驼源STEC进行了系统发育分群、血清群和毒力基因stx₁、stx₂（包括亚型）、eaeA、hlyA检测,通过K-B纸片法对分离株进行药物敏感性检测,并对其进行ERIC-PCR基因分型。结果表明：94株非O157 STEC以B1群为主,含9个血清群,包括O146（n=14）、O22（n=7）、O3（n=4）、O168（n=4）、O8（n=3）、O167（n=2）、O88（n=1）、O112ab （n=1）和O147（n=1）。毒力基因检测显示,46.8%（44/94）仅携带stx₁,6.4%（6/94）仅携带stx₂,46.8%（44/94）同时携带stx₁+stx₂。羊源STEC以携带stx₁+hlyA为主（68.0%）;牛源STEC以携带stx₁+stx₂+hlyA为主（57.9%）;骆驼源STEC以携带stx₁+hlyA为主（25.0%）。stx_1a主要分布于牛源STEC,stx_1c主要分布于羊源STEC。14株（14.9%）为耐药菌,对头孢他啶、四环素、头孢噻肟、氨苄西林和氨曲南的耐药率为3.2%~5.3%,对复方新诺明、头孢吡肟、哌拉西林-他唑巴坦、氨苄西林-舒巴坦、阿莫西林-克拉维酸和多黏菌素B的耐药率为1.1%~2.1%。ERIC-PCR结果显示牛、羊和骆驼源STEC亲缘关系较近。牛、羊和骆驼携带多种已知血清群STEC,贮存丰富的毒力基因,存在感染人类的风险,应在屠宰加工过程中予以预防和控制。     

Virulence factors and genetic variability of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from dogs and cats in Italy

In this study, the association between virulence genotypes and phylogenetic groups among Escherichia (E.) coli isolates obtained from pet dogs and cats with cystitis was detected, and fingerprinting methods were used to explore the relationship among strains. Forty uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) isolated from dogs (n = 30) and cats (n = 10) in Italy were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of virulence factors and their classification into phylogenetic groups. The same strains were characterized by repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP)- and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR techniques. We found a high number of virulence factors such as fimbriae A, S fimbriae (sfa) and cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (cnf1) significantly associated with phylogenetic group B2. We demonstrated a high correlation between α-hemolysin A and pyelonephritis C, sfa, and cnf1 operons, confirming the presence of pathogenicity islands in these strains. In addition, UPEC belonging to group B2 harboured a greater number of virulence factors than strains from phylogenetic groups A, B1, and D. REP- and ERIC-PCR grouped the UPEC isolates into two major clusters, the former grouping E. coli strains belonging to phylogenetic group B2 and D, the latter grouping those belonging to groups A and B1. Given the significant genetic variability among the UPEC strains found in our study, it can be hypothesized that no specific genotype is responsible for cystitis in cats or dogs.     

禽源致病性大肠杆菌分离株R质粒的研究

从本室临床分离到的２０株禽源大肠杆菌，经药敏试验筛选到四株抗性菌株提取质粒ＤＮＡ，电泳分析表明菌株各存在数量不等（１－４个）的质粒ＤＮＡ条带。分别用试剂盒回收出５种大小不同的Ｒ质粒，分别转化大肠杆菌ＤＨ５α；但只有２０．５ｋｇ、９．４ｋｂ两种质粒转化成功，并获得了相应的抗药性，用含９．４ｋｂ质粒转化的大肠杆菌攻毒，可致死小鼠，说明该质粒可能携带有毒性基因。     

iss基因与鸡大肠杆菌毒力相关性的分析

对20株鸡源大肠杆菌的致病性进行测定。并对不同致病性鸡大肠杆菌的iss基因进行了扩增。结果表明：鸡E．coli O1、O2、北京1、北京3、贵州1、新大、田大、E10、E11、E27对1日龄雏鸡具有较强的毒力;O78、E5、E21的致病性较弱;而E．coli E1、E4、E7、E8、E9、E14、E18接种雏鸡均无死亡。iss基因在致病性鸡E．coli O1、O2、O78、北京1、北京3、贵州1、新大、田大、E5、E21、E10、E11、E27中的扩增频率为92．31％;在毒力较强的致病性鸡Ecoli O1、O2、北京1、北京3、贵州1、新大、田大、E10、E11、E27中的扩增频率为100％;在无致病性(或低毒力)的鸡Ecoli E1、E4、E7、E8、E9、E14、E18中的扩增频率为14．29％。结果表明：iss基因在致病力强的菌株中的扩增频率明显高于其它菌株,iss基因的存在与鸡大肠杆菌的毒力问有一定的相关性。     

鸡致病性大肠埃希菌素V质粒研究进展

大肠埃希菌素V(ColV)质粒是鸡致病性大肠埃希菌中重要的毒力质粒之一,能够编码大肠埃希菌素V、血清抗性、铁摄取系统等与致病相关的毒力基因。目前虽然对鸡的大肠埃希菌病研究的比较广泛,但其确切的发病机制仍需继续深入研究。文章综述了ColV质粒与鸡大肠埃希菌病的联系,及其3个表型与鸡致病性大肠埃希菌毒力的关系,为防控鸡大肠埃希菌病提供新的思路。     

Cloning and Sequencing of cnf1 from Escherichia coli Incriminated in Mink and Bovine Colibacillosis

Colibacillosis is responsible for significant losses to the mink and cattle industries. Previous work in our laboratory and by others has suggested that possession of cnf1, the gene encoding cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF1), may contribute to the virulence of isolates of E. coli from mink and cattle. The cnf1 gene from E. coli isolated from a mink with colisepticaemia and a bovid with scours was amplified and cloned as a 3.5 kb fragment, and the fragment was sequenced. The cnf1 sequences from the mink and bovine isolates of E. coli were compared to each other and to cnf1 sequences of E. coli from urinary tract and diarrhoea-associated infections of humans. The difference was only 7 nucleotides between the cnf1 sequences of the mink and bovine isolates of E. coli, which translated into 7 differences in amino acids. The cnf1 sequence of the mink isolate of E. coli had 15 nucleotide differences from the cnf1 sequences of the human isolate of E. coli (GenBank X70670), which translated into 11 differences in amino acids between these proteins. The cnf1 sequence of the bovine isolate of E. coli had 14 nucleotide differences from the cnf1 sequence of the human isolate of E. coli (GenBank X70670), which translated into 10 differences in amino acids between these proteins. The highly conserved sequences of the amino acids of CNF1 proteins make them a promising target for detection and control of the CNF1-producing E. coli involved in disease among various host species.     

河南省鸡致病性大肠杆菌耐庆大霉素质粒的检测分析

通过对12株100%耐庆大霉素的多重耐药菌株的质粒提取,电泳检测和转化试验,成功获得了2株由质粒介导的耐庆大霉素的多重耐药菌株。结果表明:同一质粒可编码一个至数个耐药性基因,不同质粒可以携带相同的耐药性基因,并且这些质粒可以传递多种耐药性。证明了菌株对庆大霉素的耐药性是由耐药性质粒介导的,细菌的抗药性与耐药性质粒的转移有很大关系。     

土鸡屠宰过程中大肠杆菌毒力基因检测及耐药性分析

为了解土鸡屠宰过程中大肠杆菌污染、毒力基因携带及耐药情况,2018年9月-2019年1月在重庆万州、开州、巫溪、奉节4个区县的12个土鸡屠宰地点采集了319份样品,通过菌落形态及显微镜观察、生化鉴定、PCR、药敏试验等方法鉴定分离的大肠杆菌,检测其毒力基因携带和耐药性情况。结果表明：大肠杆菌分离率为22.57%（72/319）,其中餐馆、活禽宰杀铺和定点屠宰点分离率依次为29.73%（22/74）、25.00%（24/96）和17.45%（26/149）,污水、地面、羽毛、用具和胴体分离率依次为75.00%（18/24）、21.62%（8/37）、20.54%（23/112）、17.65%（6/34）和15.18%（17/112）;11种毒力基因中除estA、estB、elt外均被检出,检出率为58.33%（42/72）,共检出14种组合型,有4株分离株4种毒力基因同时存在;分离株对阿米卡星、头孢噻肟最敏感,多重耐药比为90.28%（65/72）,以7~10重耐药居多。土鸡屠宰过程中致病性大肠杆菌污染风险高,多重耐药现象严重,应重视养殖合理用药及屠宰卫生环境。     

Characterization of integrons in multiple antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli isolates from bovine endometritis

To assess the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and three classes of integrons in Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains (n = 57) isolated from bovine endometritis in Inner Mongolia of China, antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of three types of integrons were characterized. Most isolates were susceptible to ceftiofur, furazolidone, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin, while 57 isolates were all resistant to sulfamethoxydiazine and trimethoprim. High resistant incidence rates were exhibited to sulfadiazine, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, cefazolin, chloramphenicol. Forty-six of 57 E. coli strains were resistant to above 10 antibiotics (80.70%). The integrase gene and gene cassettes of integrons were amplified by PCR. DNA sequencing and analysis were used to identify the genetic content of the integron-variable regions. Neither class II nor class III integron was detected, while 36.8% (n = 21) of the isolates were positive for the presence of intI1 gene. Analysis of gene cassettes revealed that six gene cassettes were found, which encoded resistance to trimethoprim (dhfr, dhfrI, dfrA17) and aminoglycosides (aadA1, aadA2, aadA5). Among them, the gene cassette array dfrA17–aadA5 was found most prevalent (66.7%). The resistance profile of positive-integron isolates was relatively broad and they were resistant to more than eight antimicrobials (n ? 8). The correlation analysis revealed the incidence of integrons among the isolates were related to the multiple antibiotic resistance profile, indicating integrons play an important role in the dissemination and spread of the antimicrobial resistant strains.     

一株鸭致病性大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药分析

对江西省樟树市某鸭养殖场送检的病死鸭进行病理剖检,通过细菌分离、生化鉴定得到1株致病性大肠杆菌。药敏试验结果表明,该菌株对头孢拉定、头孢唑啉、头孢曲松和阿莫西林等β-内酰胺类抗生素产生了严重的耐药。通过质粒提取和接合转移试验对分离菌株进行耐药性分析;提取得到一10 kb左右的质粒;质粒接合转移试验表明,成功将该质粒转化入感受态E.coli JM109,并能使E.coli JM109获得对β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药且与分离菌株的耐药谱一致。推测该菌株产β-内酰胺酶的基因存在于质粒,并且该耐药基因能随质粒的转移转化入敏感菌E.coli JM109。     

一株O1血清型鸡大肠埃希菌iss基因的序列分析

采用1日龄雏鸡对1株O1血清型鸡源大肠埃希菌(E.coli)的致病性进行测定,并扩增iss基因.结果表明,鸡E.coli O1对1日龄雏鸡具有较强的毒力.iss基因在致病性鸡E.coli O1中的序列与已知禽大肠埃希菌iss基因序列同源性为100%,与人源大肠埃希菌iss基因核苷酸,序列同源性为90.9%,显示了此基因具有保守性.