生物质炭对垃圾渗滤液中氨氮去除效果的研究

为了寻找经济、有效的氨氮吸附材料,为物化处理技术在垃圾渗滤液上的运用提供一些实际参考的选择,以生物质炭（木炭）作为吸附材料进行吸附试验,研究木炭投加量、渗滤液初始pH值、吸附时间、氨氮浓度4个因数变化的条件下,木炭对垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的去除率及其吸附动力学特征。结果表明：随着木炭用量的增加,木炭对氨氮的吸附量逐渐增大,木炭投加量为80~160 g/L时,渗滤液中氨氮的去除率达34.27%~39.41%。在最佳pH 10和最佳吸附时间240 min条件下,木炭对渗滤液中氨氮的去除率分别为24.21%、16.91%。木炭对垃圾渗滤液的氨氮有一定的去除效果,其吸附动力学特征符合伪二级动力学方程和颗粒内扩散方程。     

玉米顶腐病的发生与防治

玉米顶腐病2010年在新乡市多点发生与流行,对玉米的安全生产造成严重威胁。通过对该病进行实地调查,在分析发生危害特点、总结发病规律及药剂筛选研究试验的基础上,提出农业防治、化学防治等有效防治措施。     

河西走廊玉米自交系顶腐病的初步研究

通过田间调查、标本采集、病原菌分离培养鉴定以及致病性测定，明确了河西走廊玉米自交系发生的新病害是顶腐病（Fusarium moniliforme Vat．sublutinans Wr．＆Reink），该病害在河西走廊玉米制种田个别自交系上发生，蔓延速度快，危害重，呈逐年加重趋势。     

小麦茎基腐病的发生与防治

小麦茎基腐病是小麦生产中的一种重要病害,对小麦产量影响较大.结合实地调查介绍了小麦茎基腐病发病规律、发病条件和发病症状,从农业防治和化学防治方面提出了防治方法.     

玉米顶腐病的发生与防治

介绍了玉米顶腐病病原菌及其习性,从品种、气候条件、土壤环境、栽培管理几个方面阐述了发病条件,并从农业防治和化学防治两方面提出了玉米顶腐病的防治对策。     

李树主要病害的发生与防治研究

李树病害在李树生产中普遍发生,主要侵染花、果、叶等,可导致叶片脱落、树势削弱,果实丧失商品价值。近年来,黑龙江省随着李树栽植面积的不断扩大,李树病害的发生亦日益严重,主要以李红点病、细菌性穿孔病和李褐腐病最为常见,造成的侵害和损失也最为严重,为此,笔者对这几种病害     

腐植酸钾对玉米生长发育和产量构成因素的影响

试验结果表明,腐植酸钾（HA—K）对玉米生长发育、产量构成因素以及产量均有显著的促进作用。浸种浓度与幼苗生长量呈正相关,r=0.8434～0.9997。浸种和叶面喷施平均株高、穗位高、茎粗比对照增加5.04cm、5.12cm和0.072cm;穗长、穗粗增加0.983cm和0.2616cm;穗粒数、千粒重增加57.74粒和28.303g;秃顶率下降3.164个百分点,产量提高24.79%。在本试验条件下,HA—K对玉米植株性状和产量构成的影响X2>X1,使各性状达最佳状态的HA—K使用浓度为：浸种576.6～1369.7mg/kg,叶面喷施903.4～1617.9mg/kg。     

安顺市蜂糖李褐腐病发生与防治

主要阐述了安顺市镇宁县蜂糖李病虫害发生情况,通过蜂糖李褐腐病的分布、症状及防治方法,总结出蜂糖李褐腐病的防治技术.     

玉米顶腐病的发生与防治

玉米顶腐病是近几年出现的一种新的系统侵染性病害,因其潜在危险性较高,呈逐年上升趋势,应引起重视。分析了该病的发生过程及防治方法。     

施氮模式和密度对西南夏玉米产量及病害的影响

为了研究不同的施氮模式和种植密度对西南夏玉米产量形成及茎腐病和穗粒腐病的影响。在大田试验条件下,设置2个施氮模式(CNP:传统施氮模式; RDNP:氮肥减量间隔穴深施模式)和3个密度(D1:习惯稀植5.25万株/hm~2;D2:密植6.75万株/hm~2;D3:密植8.25万株/hm~2),分析不同施氮模式和密度对玉米产量及构成、干物质积累、光合生理特性的影响,以及探明影响玉米机收质量的茎腐病和穗粒腐病发病规律。结果表明,施氮模式对玉米产量影响不显著,但是RDNP下的氮肥偏生产力比CNP提高了33.7%;RDNP通过缓解花后净光合速率(Pn)、叶片SPAD值及叶面积指数的衰减幅度,弥补花前形成穗粒数不足,从而使其干物质总量和产量稳定不变;RDNP下的玉米茎腐病发病率和病情指数分别较CNP下降了4.8百分点和26.8%,而对穗粒腐病的发病率影响不显著。密植D2和D3较稀植D1均可显著增产,但D3持续增产幅度下降明显,同时D3下的玉米茎腐病和穗粒腐病发病严重,而D2和D1下的发病轻且二者间无显著差异。施氮模式RDNP与适度密植D2处理在氮肥减量的同时可提高玉米单产和氮肥偏生产力,有效控制玉米茎腐病和穗粒腐病,降低植株倒折风险,为西南夏玉米实现绿色增产和利于机械化收获提供理论依据。     

石灰混凝+吹脱+CO2曝气联合对垃圾渗滤液的处理实验研究

为了有效降低垃圾渗滤液中高浓度的氨氮和有机污染物,以便降低后期生化处理的污染负荷,采用石灰混凝+吹脱+CO2曝气联合法对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理,通过单因素实验研究CaO投加量、曝气时间、反应温度及气液比等因素对渗滤液中氨氮、COD以及UV254的去除效果的影响;通过正交实验研究综合处理效果最好的反应条件,并在正交实验后进行CO2曝气,以期降低实验后较高的pH和钙离子浓度。结果表明：氨氮去除率与各单因素呈正相关关系,COD及UV254的去除率与CaO投加量相关性较大。在正交试验得出的最佳混凝吹脱条件下,氨氮、COD、UV254的去除率分别能达到98.8%、60.2%、68.7%。进一步CO2曝气后,垃圾渗滤液pH由12.1降至6.8,钙离子浓度降低70.3%,COD去除率可达65.7%。     

5种反应介质对垃圾渗滤液污染地下水的治理效果研究

为了研究PRB技术修复垃圾渗滤液污染地下水的可能性,筛选最佳反应介质及其配比,为城市垃圾渗滤液污染地下水的治理提供参考,选择零价铁粉、膨润土、沸石、活性碳、炉渣5种反应介质,研究其对垃圾渗滤液污染地下水的治理效果。结果表明：5种反应介质单独作用下,活性炭对地下水中的COD去除效果最好,去除率达到76.0%,沸石对COD去除效果最差,去除率仅为45.0%,但沸石对地下水中NH₃的去除效果最好,去除率为70.8%,零价铁对NH₃的去除效果最差,去除率为42.3%;选择零价铁、活性炭、沸石3种介质按照不同配比继续试验,得出对COD的去除效果以零价铁：活性炭：沸石= 2:2:1的比例最好,其次是1:2:2和2:1:2,对NH₃的去除效果以零价铁：活性炭：沸石=1:2:2的比例最好,其次是2:1:2和2:2:1。     

Effects of Livestock Wastewater NH4 +-N Incubation on Landfill CH4 Oxidation by Mineralized Refuse Particle

Ammonia oxidizing bacteria was accumualted for landfill CH4 oxidation in the mineralized refuse throguh livestock wastewater NH4 +-N incubation, which would minimize the total Greenhouse gas emission equivalent from MSW landfill. Mineralized refuse was firstly incubated by livestock wastewater NH4 +-N during the 120d operation. Mineralized refuse possessed the strong nitrification capacity with the removal rate of NH4 +-N content over 60% during the 120 d operation. After 200 mg N kg -1 was inputted, NO3 --N content produced from the 120 d incubated mineralized refuse was 2.0-time and 3.8-time more than those of the original mineralized refuse and clay soil, respectively. CH4 decrease and the net produce of CO2 can be well fitted the one- and zero-order kinetics model during the 120 h incubation (R 2>0.68), respectively. Similar as nitrogen turnover, CH4 oxidation capacity from the 120 d incubated mineralized refuse was 10.6% and 59.3% more than those of the original mineralized refuse and clay soil, respectively. Therefore, the mineralized refuse can be upgraded for the CH4 oxidation throng NH4 +-N content incubation from the livestock wastewater and the influence on CH4 oxidation by other components (including CODCr, SS and phosphate) from wastewater should be further investigated.     

不同前处理条件对土壤NO3-N、NH4-N含量影响的研究

采用大棚土壤,研究了土样预处理方式、KCl浸提液浓度和液土比对用连续流动注射分析仪测定的土壤NO3-N、NH4-N含量的影响。结果表明,土壤预处理方式、KCl浸提液浓度和液土比都影响土壤NO3-N、NH4-N的含量测定结果。风干、烘干的土样预处理方式对土壤NH4-N、NO3-N含量测定有显著影响,表现为新鲜土< 风干土<烘干土; 用2 mol/L KCl溶液作为浸提液,液土比5:1 测定大棚NO3-N含量,测定结果稳定。     

Removal Characteristics of DOM in Landfill Leachate by Fenton SBR Process

The removal effect of dissolved organic matter（DOM）in landfill leachate by Fenton SBR treatment process was investigated. And the changes of DOM molecular weight (MW) and the fractions humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA) and hydrophilic (HyI) in combined process was also analyzed. It is shown that the removal of COD 、DOC and UV254 was 79.1% 、73.6% and 92.9% with the combined process, respectively. The removal of COD was above 80% except for those with the molecular of 10～4 ku. The removal order of DOM fractions and three index of each fraction was HA>FA>HyI and UV254>COD>DOC, respectively.     

Electrolytic Efficiency of Late Landfill Leachate Pretreated by Electrolytic Oxidation

With trait of late landfill leachate treated hardly, it is an effective method of enhancing biodegradability of late landfill leachate that electrolytic oxidation pretreats late landfill leachate, and it is very necessary to calculate current efficiency. Varity of organic pollutants in the late landfill leachate is studied under the electrochemical action by some tests and current efficiency under different electrolytic condition is calculated. The results show that the most high current efficiency is 34.11% when the current density is 15 mA/cm^2 and electrolytic time is 6.5 h.     

Effect of Concentrated Leachate Recirculation on Leachate Level and Slope Stability of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill

260 tons concentrated leachate per day is produced at the leachate treatment plant at Changan landfill, which is considered to be recirculated into the landfill of municipal solid wastes. The effect of leachate recirculation on the slope stability of the landfill should be evaluated. The results from engineering geology and hydrogeology survey were firstly presented. Three-dimensional unsaturated-saturated seepage analyses were carried out by using GMS software to predict the change of leachate level as a result of the leachate recirculation. Based on the leachate levels and pore-water pressures obtained from the seepage analyses, slope stability analyses were carried out to evaluate the safety of the landfill. Some control measures were proposed to eliminate the adverse effect of leachate recirculation on the landfill safety. The analyses indicate that the factor of safety (FS) for the landfill with the current leachate level is slightly greater than the safety requirement (FS=13), and the current leachate level happens to be the critical level. Direct leachate recirculation will result in a significant rise in leachate level, which will cause a significant decrease in the landfill safety. The landfill is likely to fail after a direct leachate recirculation. If the leachate recirculation is executed after the current leachate level is lowered down by 3 m and the resultant leachate level will be lower than the current leachate level, the landfill can remain safe. Vertical pumping wells are proposed to implement the drawdown work, and if 45 wells are used and pumping is conducfed for 3 mouths, the leachate level will decrease by 3 m, which meets the safety requirement.     

超声波联合混凝法处理制药废水的研究

为了探讨单独超声波降解法、混凝法及2种方法联合处理制药废水的可行性,研究了超声波辐射时间、功率以及混凝剂的种类、浓度对制药废水中COD和NH3-N去除的影响。结果表明：（1）超声波单独处理制药废水时,COD和NH3-N去除率先随着超声波辐射时间(200~1000 s)的增大而增大,最佳时间为1000 s,COD和NH3-N的最大去除率分别为27.80%、45.34%;超声波辐射时间为1000 s,COD和NH3-N去除率随着超声波辐射功率的增大而先增大后减小。（2）单独用混凝剂处理制药废水时,COD的去除率随着混凝剂的浓度(0.1~0.6 g/L)的增大而先增大后减小,PAC在0.3 g/L时为最佳,COD的去除率为40.10%,NH3-N的平均去除率保持在5%左右。（3）在各自的最佳状态下,先用超声波处理后加混凝剂比先加混凝剂后用超声波处理的COD和NH3-N的去除率高,分别为61.24%、58.63%。试验表明,先用超声波处理后加混凝剂比先加混凝剂后用超声波处理对COD和NH3-N的去除率高。     

遇旱灌水和施肥方式对大豆土壤中铵态氮和硝态氮时空变异的影响

为了寻求水肥资源的合理利用方式,以九农21为材料,于2008年研究了遇旱灌水和施肥方式对大豆各生育期、各土层土壤中铵态氮和硝态氮变化的影响。结果表明,从各土层土壤中的铵态氮和硝态氮含量来看,灌水前优化施肥处理对保持土壤中的铵态氮和硝态氮含量效果明显,尤其是R1和R5期,减少了土壤中的氮损失。用地质统计学中的区域化变量理论和半方差函数分析,从变程值来看,灌水对优化施肥处理的铵态氮和硝态氮空间变异性程度影响较大;此外块金值与基台值之比较小,分别为0．02和0．21,表明由土壤的空间结构本身引起的空间变异性占主要部分,说明优化施肥处理对改变土壤的空间结构具有良好的作用。