巴氏杀菌对罗非鱼肌肉的影响

本文报道了罗非鱼肌肉组织经过ＶＰ值为１９５ｍｉｎ的巴氏杀菌后，其过氧化物酶完全失附着的细胞全部死亡，但其失水率可达到１５％左右。     

草鱼加热过程中肌肉蛋白质的热变性

The variations of muscle tissus, peroxidase and Ca2^2 -ATPase activities and Vp (pasteurization value) were investigated with the fresh samples of grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus ) heated at different temperatures, thus revealing the mechanism of denaturation of muscle protein by heating. The experimental results showed the great difference in muscle tissue structure before and after the samples heated. In the initial stage of heating the water loss accounted for 50% of the total. When the samples were separately heated at 75, 85, and 95℃, fk values (dehydration curve slope) were 5, 4.1 and 1.7, respectively, while Vp reaching 40 minutes were 22, 8 and 5 min, respectively. As to the time for deactivation of peroxidase in the heated samples at the various temperatures, it varied from 38, 10 and to less than 6 min, respectively and the deactivation rates of Ca^2 -ATPase in 1 min were 50%, 88% and 100%, respectively. Consequently, the higher temperature the sample was heated, the faster rate of thermocon ductivity, the lower rate of water loss, and the faster rate of peroxidase deactivation it was. Also, the Vp for the least requirement of pasteurization ( Vp≥40min) was obtained.     

3种罗非鱼肌肉营养成分比较与评价

以新吉富罗非鱼、尼罗罗非鱼、奥利亚罗非鱼为研究对象,采用生化分析方法,综合分析和评价了其肌肉成分组成和营养价值.结果显示:3种罗非鱼肌肉中粗蛋白含量20.00％～21.00％,粗脂肪含量1.30％～2.35％;共检测出17种氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸含量为8.34％～8.61％,占所含氨基酸总量44.10％～44.43％,...     

三种鲤亚科鱼类的肌肉营养成分分析与评价

本研究采集了华南地区五个鲤亚科鱼类种群:华南鲤的广东珠江种群、广东榕江种群和海南万泉河种群,以及三角鲤(广西西江)和须鲫(海南万泉河),测定了粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分和水分的含量,以期对其营养价值进行评价和比较分析。结果显示五个种群的肌肉粗蛋白含量和粗脂肪含量分别在17.11%~17.84%和2.09%~2.81%之间,其中均为须鲫最高(P0.05);粗灰分在1.34%~1.45%之间,水分含量在78.70%~80.30%之间,均无统计学意义差异性。由此可以推测须鲫具有较高的营养价值,具备推广养殖和培育良种的潜力,可以尝试进行人工繁育和养殖。     

饲料中添加甜菜碱对尼罗罗非鱼生长_肌肉组成和消化率的影响

甜菜碱是甜菜加工副产品中提取的甘氨酸甲基内酯,甜菜碱以前仅限于作为动物营养的甲基供体,参与氨基酸的合成和协同作用。作为人类医学上的恢复胃酸的药物及肝脏保护性治疗剂等［朱仲贤１９７９］,参与氨基酸的合成和协同作用。甜菜碱作为鱼类的饲料添加剂的主要作用是...     

莫荷罗非鱼肌肉营养成分的分析与评价

对莫荷罗非鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus×Oreochromis hornorum)进行主要营养成分分析,并对其营养价值进行了评价。测定结果表明:莫荷罗非鱼肌肉水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分含量分别为(72.55±0.04)%、(24.22±0.13)%、(1.70±0.04)%、(1.40±0.02)%;莫荷罗非鱼肌肉中17种氨基酸总量为88.34%(干重),必需氨基酸总量为36.19%,占氨基酸总量的41%,4种风味氨基酸总量为34.52%,占氨基酸总量的39%。以AAS进行评价,莫荷罗非鱼肌肉中第一限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸(Val),第二限制性氨基酸为亮氨酸(Leu)。以CS进行评价,第一限制性氨基酸为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸(Met+Cys),第二限制性氨基酸为为缬氨酸(Val)。其必需氨基酸指数为93.55。实验分析表明,莫荷罗非鱼是一种营养价值较高,具有较好食用价值的鱼类。     

冰藏过程中罗非鱼鱼片肌肉蛋白质变化

为研究微酸性电解水对新鲜罗非鱼片的杀菌效果,以杀菌对数值为指标,进行单因素和响应面实验,建立各因素与响应值之间的数学模型,确定最佳杀菌条件。结果表明,最佳杀菌条件为有效氯质量浓度35.00 mg·L^–1,浸泡时间22 min,料液质量体积比1∶6,在此处理条件下,杀菌对数值为(0.735±0.001) lg (CFU·g^–1),杀菌率为(81.59±0.04)%。

     

摄食不同饲料的黄鳝肌肉营养成分比较研究

野生黄鳝和分别投喂配合饲料、蚯蚓、鲢肉的黄鳝的肌肉营养成分差别主要在粗脂肪，野生黄鳝的粗脂肪含量最低，摄取鲢肉的黄鳝粗脂肪含量最高，蛋白质及其它成分的差异不大。氨基酸组成差异不大，但鲜味氨基酸(谷氨酸、丙氨酸、天冬氨酸、甘氨酸)的总量以摄食蚯蚓的较高，而以摄食配合饲料的较低。     

镜鲤肌肉品质性状的微卫星标记分析

利用233个微卫星标记检测镜鲤（Cyprinus carpio L.）一个家系的107尾个体的基因型,采用GLM方法对肌肉脂肪含量和蛋白质含量4种经济性状进行单标记回归分析。 Permutation检验结果显示：有17个标记分别与肌肉脂肪和蛋白质含量具有显著相关性（P〈0.05）,其中,有4个标记（HLJ030、HLJ2560、HLJ3633,和HLJ3554）与肌肉蛋白质含量呈极显著相关（P〈0.01）,表明这些标记与性状间可能存在连锁关系。对同一标记不同基因型之间进行了多重比较,找到了与这两种性状相关的优势基因型,为鲤的肌肉品质性状选育提供了有效的依据。     

鲤、鲇及草鱼肌肉理化特性的比较研究

以杂食性的鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、肉食性的鲇(Silurus asotus)和草食性的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)为研究对象,测定了2龄鱼的背部、胸部、腹部和尾部肌肉的pH值、滴水损失、熟肉率、失水率、胶原蛋白含量及剪切值等理化指标,对3种鱼不同部位的肌肉理化特性进行了比较,初步探讨了鱼肉理化特性与食性的关系.结果表明,鲤、鲇及草鱼肌肉的pH值为6.2 ～6.7,3种鱼肌肉间pH值无显著差异(P＞0.05);鲤、鲇及草鱼各个部位肌肉之间以及3种鱼之间的肌肉滴水损失率均无显著差异(P＞0.05);每种鱼各部位肌肉之间的熟肉率无显著差异(P＞0.05),熟肉率表现为:草鱼＞鲤＞鲇(P＜0.05);同一种鱼不同部位肌肉的失水率无显著差异(P＞0.05),3种鱼之间的失水率表现为:鲇＞鲤＞草鱼(P＜0.05);同一种鱼不同部位肌肉的胶原蛋白差异显著(P＜0.05),3种鱼之间差异也显著,鲇＞鲤＞草鱼(P＜0.05);同一种鱼不同部位之间的剪切值差异显著(P＜0.05),3种鱼之间的剪切值表现为:鲇＞鲤＞草鱼(P＜0.05).综合比较可见,淡水经济鱼类的肌肉理化特性与其食性存在一定的相关性,肉食性鱼的嫩度偏低,剪切值大,胶原蛋白含量高,失水率和滴水损失较大,保水能力也相对较差,且同一种鱼各个部位间的肉质理化特性也存在一定差异.     

鲢鱼肌肉热变性特点的研究

本文报告了鲢鱼肌肉受热时,其Vp值、失水率以及过氧化物酶活力的变化特点。指出在75℃和80℃下加热时,其肌肉过氧化物酶完全失活时对应的Vp值差异较小,分别为51min和55min;而对应的失水率相差较大,为18.2％和24.2％。     

扇贝闭壳肌蛋白对鲢鱼肌肉蛋白凝胶的修饰

以栉孔扇贝闭壳肌蛋白、大豆分离蛋白、谷氨酰胺转氨酶为影响参数,鲢鱼肌肉蛋白凝胶的弹性、咀嚼性和持水性为响应参数,研究这3个因素对鲢鱼肌肉蛋白凝胶的修饰作用.通过单因素方法,分别就扇贝闭壳肌蛋白及大豆分离蛋白各自对鲢鱼肌肉蛋白凝胶的修饰作用进行了研究,结果表明,在一定范围内,添加扇贝闭壳肌蛋白和大豆分离蛋白可以改善鲢鱼肌...     

海藻糖对冻藏过程中鳙肌原纤维蛋白冷冻变性的影响

从鳙（Aristicktkys nobilis）肌肉中提取肌原纤维蛋白，在蛋白溶液中加入10％（W／V）蔗糖、山梨醇混合物（质量比1：1）或10％（W／V）海藻糖。蛋白溶液在-18℃下冻藏30d，测定冻藏过程中肌原纤维蛋白盐溶性、Ca^2＋-ATPase活性、活性巯基含量、总巯基含量、表面疏水性变化和冻藏结束时的SDS-PAGE。测定结果表明，蔗糖、山梨醇混合物和海藻糖都抑制了冻藏过程中肌原纤维蛋白盐溶性、Ca^2＋-ATPase活性、巯基含量的降低和表面疏水性的升高，延缓了鳙肌原纤维蛋白的冷冻变性。海藻糖比蔗糖、山梨醇混合物有更好的抗冷冻变性效果。[中国水产科学，2006，13（4）：637—641]     

鲢鱼糜与淀粉复合系统的微波糊化特性

在2 450 MHz频率的微波处理条件下,为了考察添加鲢鱼糜对小麦粉面团糊化的影响,将小麦粉、鲢鱼糜、NaCl和去离子水按比例混合制成鲢鱼糜面团,面团中鲢鱼糜含量分别为0%,10%,20%和30%(w/w,质量百分比),对样品面团中淀粉的介电特性和糊化特性进行研究。结果表明,对于相同尺寸的面团样品,添加鲢鱼糜可改善面团样品在电磁场中的加热均匀性。随着温度的升高,面团的介电常数和介电损失率分别在20~23和9~12内波动并呈下降趋势,微波的穿透深度因淀粉的糊化略有上升。淀粉的糊化速率随温度的升高而下降。降低样品中淀粉的含量,会使面团糊化活化能由113.54 kJ/mol下降至59.96 kJ/mol。     

Effects of feeding rates on growth and production of Nile tilapia, common carp and silver carp polycultured in fertilized ponds

Abstract In an attempt to identify appropriate feeding rates for multispecies of fish raised in fertilized earthen ponds, the present work was conducted over a 19‐week experimental period to establish the growth performance, production and body composition of Nile tilapia, common carp and silver carp fed 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0%, 5.0% biomass and to apparent satiation (treatments). Twelve ponds were stocked with a similar number and weight of each fish species. Two ponds were assigned to each of the treatments, and a 25% protein pelleted fish feed was used to feed fish at the specified rate of feeding. At the end of the experiment, growth, weight gain, survival, yield and body composition of fish groups were affected by the treatments. The economic effectiveness also varied among treatments. The most conspicuous attribute of the feeding rates was its lack of influence on growth (g day^?1), weight gain (g per fish), yield (kg ha^?1) or body composition of silver carp. The results of whole‐body proximate analysis indicated that various feeding rates had either an irregular pattern or no effects on the protein and ash gain per 100 g of fish body weight (bw) gain. The most notable exceptions were significant (P < 0.05) increases in body fat and gross energy gains in Nile tilapia, common carp and silver carp accompanied by decreases in percentages of moisture (but not in silver carp) as feeding rate increased. Among the six different feeding levels, feeding to apparent satiation (feed amount was equivalent to 2.67% of fish bw day^?1) appeared to be optimal, as it significantly (P < 0.05) supported the highest fish production, income and net profit compared with all other treatments except for the 3% feeding level, for which the differences in those measurements were comparable.     

三苯基锡对鲫稚鱼肌肉组织学的影响

三苯基锡(triphenyltin,TPT)和三丁基锡(tributyltin,TBT)在环境中经常同时存在.以淡水常见经济鱼类鲫(Carassius auratus)稚鱼为试验对象,研究不同水平TPT(10、100、1 000 ng/L)对其肌肉组织学的影响.结果表明,TPT暴露16d后引起鲫稚鱼肌肉组织损伤,主要表现为肌纤维间隙变宽、肌丝断裂与紊乱以及糖原代谢变化;100 ng/L TPT暴露组中,鲫的肌肉损伤最为严重,肌纤维直径较对照组显著降低,肌糖原出现显著累积现象;而1 000 ng/L TPT暴露组中,鲫的肌纤维直径较对照组则显著增加,糖原水平显著降低.     

Characterization of acetylcholinesterase and its molecular forms in organs of five freshwater teleosts

The activity and molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) were characterized in the brain, heart, white skeletal muscle and liver of the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri), European eel (Anguilla anguilla), wels (Silurus glanis), common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), belonging in four families. The brain had the highest (between 183.2±10.6 and 1361.2±189.7 mU mg^-1 protein and between 4.7±0.4 and 23.5±2.7 U g^-1 wet tissue) and the liver the lowest (between 25.3±1.9 and 126.5±22.7 mU mg^-1 protein and between 1.0±0.1 and 4.5±0.5 U g^-1 wet tissue) activity in all these fish, with the exception of the wels, where the heart contained the smallest amount of AChE (26.2±7.5 mU mg^-1 protein and 1.2±0.3 U g^-1 wet tissue). The highest tissue AChE activity was found in the carp and lowest in the sturgeon. The solubility properties and molecular forms of AChE in the four tissues were studied by extraction in high-salt medium (1.0 M NaCl) with and without the detergent Triton X-100 (0.5%, v/v). The proportions of detergent-soluble (DS) and salt-soluble (SS) forms of AChE varied considerably from one species to another, but a general tendency could be observed: the proportion of DS AChE was generally higher in the brain (between 70.4±4.1 and 82.5±1.2%) and lower in the heart (between 12.0±2.0 and 51.3±2.3%) and skeletal muscle (between 16.0±2.0 and 64.4±0.7%). Velocity sedimentation centrifugation revealed that most tissues contained the G₄ or A₄ form. Three tissues (brain, heart, and liver) of the Siberian sturgeon contained a relatively high proportion of the G1 form (between 24.3±2.4 and 28.6±4.9%), while the skeletal muscle of the wels contained only the most complex type of AChE, i.e., A₁₂. Amongst the tissues studied, the brain and liver mostly contained amphiphilic globular forms of the G₄ type, while the heart and skeletal muscle were rich in asymmetric forms (A₄ and A₁₂). It was concluded that the differences revealed in the activities of AChE and in the distribution of its molecular forms may be connected with the variation in behavioral habits (feeding and swimming patterns), and the developmental stage of the nervous system.     

3种淡水鱼肌肉脂质的组成及营养评价

以拉萨河拉萨裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis younghusbandi)、拉萨裂腹鱼(Schizothorax waltoni)、双须叶须鱼Ptychobarbus dipogon)为材料,研究了其肌肉中脂质的组成和含量。结果显示:10种含量最丰富的脂肪酸分别是饱和脂肪酸16∶0和18∶0;单不饱和和脂肪酸16∶1n-9、18∶1n-9和18∶1n-7;n-3型多不饱和脂肪酸20∶5n-3,22∶5n-3和22∶6n-3和n-6型多不饱和脂肪酸18∶2n-6和20∶4n-6。结果表明拉萨河鱼类的脂肪酸模型跟深海鱼类相似,而且n-3型多不饱和脂肪酸的含量相对较高。     

复合鱼肉肌原纤维蛋白加热过程中理化特性变化的研究

考察了鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)及其以质量比1∶1复合的肌原纤维蛋白的浊度、Ca2+-ATPase活性和巯基含量在加热过程中的变化规律。结果显示:随着加热温度的升高,三种蛋白溶液的浊度呈S型曲线增加。复合肌原纤维蛋白的增加模式与小黄鱼肌原纤维蛋白的增加模式相似,不同于鲢肌原纤维蛋白的增加模式。鲢肌原纤维蛋白和小黄鱼肌原纤维蛋白的Ca2+-ATPase活性随温度的升高逐渐下降。复合肌原纤维蛋白的Ca2+-ATPase活性在20～35℃略有上升,而后剧烈下降,55℃时活性完全丧失。复合肌原纤维蛋白的总巯基含量随着加热温度的升高呈下降趋势。当温度在30～60℃时下降缓慢,高于65℃时剧烈下降。