祁连山森林病害种类调查简

系统调查了祁连山自然保护区森林病害种类，采到罹病林木11科22种（属），鉴定出林木病原107种，引起病害134种。病原分类分别为真菌83种、螨类6种、寄生植物3种、细菌1种，生理性病原14类。病害种类按寄生部位分，叶部病害74种，干部病害38种，枝梢病害17种，种实、根部病害较少。按树种分，青海云杉病害23种，青杄病害13种，人工栽培杨树病害18种，山杨病害18种，桦树病害10种，山柳病害8种，华北落叶松病害6种，祁连圆柏病害5种，油松病害5种，梅属植物病害5种，苹果属植物病害3种，小檗属植物病害4种，杜鹃类病害3种，忍冬病害2种，其他林木病害8种。     

浙江省诸暨市陆生脊椎动物资源初探

经调查，诸暨市共有陆生脊椎动物27目69科168属247种，其中兽类58种，鸟类121种，爬行类50种，两栖类18种，对动物区系组成进行了分析，划分了3种地域分布型和5种生态群落类型，各群落中动物种数为森林128种，草灌49种，农田71种，沼泽水域50种，城镇居民点26种。     

湖北珍稀濒危野生保护植物物种多样性及地理分布

文章论述了湖北省珍稀濒危野生保护植物物种多样性及其地理分布，根据《中国珍稀濒危保护植物名录》（第一批）提出湖北省有６２种，占全国的１５．９７％，其中一级３种、二级２４种，三级３５种，鄂西北分布５４种，鄂西南５１种，鄂东南２６种，鄂东北２５种，鄂北４种，江汉平原３种；鄂西北特有４种，鄂西南物有４种，鄂东北特有３种，全省广布２种；鄂西南和鄂西北为分布中心。     

云南铜壁关自然保护区高等植物真菌初步调查报告

报道了云南铜壁关自然保护区高等植物真菌的部分种类，共记载了９０种真菌。其中锈菌９种，鉴定到种６种，到属３种；子囊菌２７种，鉴定到种７种，到属２０种；半知菌５０种，鉴定到种３９种，到属１１种；完全菌４种。研究结果表明，自然保护区真菌资源的蕴藏极为丰富，大量的物种国内都缺乏记载，一方面显示了我国微生物多样性研究的巨大潜力，另一方面也表明了发展本学科的工作任重而道远。     

福建省《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录物种名录

福建省列入CITES名录的物种有22目50科163属261种，其中动物类136种，包括哺乳动物37种，鸟类82种，爬行类12种，两栖类2种，鱼类1种，昆虫2种。植物类有125种。     

青龙河自然保护区脊椎动物调查报告

青龙河自然保护区共有脊椎动物395种，其中鱼类37种，两栖类5种，爬行类16种，鸟类295种，兽类42种，隶属5纲78目81种。国家一级重点保护野生动物5种，国家二级重点保护野生动物41种，辽宁省重点保护野生动物52种，国家重点保护“三有动物”254种。因青龙河自然保护区水源充足．从而形成朝阳地区动物的高密度分布区，这里是朝阳地区动物资源最丰富的地区。     

余杭市野生大型真菌资源多样性及开发利用

在全面调查余杭市野生大型真菌资源的基础上，评价和分析了余杭市野生大型经济真菌的多样性、生态习性的多样性和种类组织的多样性。发现该区孕育着较丰富的大型野生真菌资源。其中食用菌36种，药用菌51种，有毒真菌7种；木腐菌41种，菌极菌14种，土生菌37种，虫生菌5种，粪生菌1种；肉质伞菌类21种，多孔菌类26种，红菇菌类7种，牛肝菌类6种，腹菌类12种。在此基础上，提出了余杭市野生大型真菌资源开发利用的途径。     

佛山市云勇生态公益林示范区维管植物资源调查

佛山市云勇生态公益林示范区共有野生维管植物158科438属691种。其中蕨类植物17科22属31种，裸子植物7科13属20种，被子植物134科403属640种。在这些植物中，国家重点保护野生植物2种，药用植物465种，观赏植物159种，用材树种102种，纤维植物90种，野生水果84种，油脂植物58种，饲料植物45种，鞣料植物41种，芳香植物33种，农药植物23种。文章分析了其资源特点，并对其开发利用和保护提出一些建议。     

浙江森林野菜资源及其评价

介绍了浙江省有森林野菜452种，隶属79科23l属，其中蕨类7科8属12种，种子植物72科223属440种，约占全国的65％。有木本94种，草本358种。食用嫩叶或嫩茎叶类的物种有324种，茎类60种，地下根茎类40种，花类20种，果实种子类8种。其中有药用植物252种，占全省森林野菜物种数的55．8％。并分析了浙江省森林野菜的开发利用前景。     

走近广东：聚焦南粤森警

广东省地处我国华南地区，属于亚热带地区。广东省境内自然资源比较丰富，有植物类型7055多种，其中木本植物44000多种，占全国木本植物的80％；陆生野生动物771种，其中哺乳类110种，鸟类504种，爬行类112种，两栖类45种．     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.