‘Second generation’ Tongan transnationalism: Hope for the future?*

Abstract: Tonga's economy is supported by remittances from Tongans overseas, but there are indications that the younger generations are unlikely to maintain this level of support. There appears to be a complacent attitude to remittances both within Tonga and in externally produced economic reports, yet if remittance levels drop significantly, the ramifications will be disastrous for Tonga. This paper looks at Tongan transnationalism in the context of the current situation in Tonga and the wider Pacific, arguing that it will be crucial, yet very difficult, to encourage the ‘second generation’ overseas to be involved in the process of nation building through transnational engagements. The major obstacles to young people's establishment of transnational ties are examined, and the Tongan situation is compared to U.S. research on second generation trans‐nationalism in other migrant groups. Finally, the ways in which transnational engagements could be encouraged are explored, particularly the importance of language learning and developing a sense of ‘belonging’ to the ‘homeland’.     

GIS支持下的区域绿色蔬菜地适宜性及其质量评价--以厦门市同安区为例

在实地调查采样和测试分析基础上,利用主成分和相关分析模型筛选建立区域绿色蔬菜地适宜性评价主导因子体系,借助GIS和动态聚类分析模型评价区域耕地绿色蔬菜生产的适宜数量、质量及其分布。评价结果表明,坡度、质地、耕层厚度、灌溉条件和环境污染综合指数等20个因子可作为区域绿色蔬菜地适宜性评价的主导因子。同安区适宜发展绿色蔬菜生产的耕地面积6403.98hm2,占基本农田保护区耕地总面积的66.44%,主要分布于莲花、五显、汀溪和新民镇,合计占全区绿色蔬菜地总面积的80.24%,全区绿色蔬菜地的总体质量不高,中度和一般适宜的二、三等地面积合计占全区绿色蔬菜地总面积的70.01%。