氧化应激对断奶仔猪生产性能和养分利用率的影响

试验选用24头断奶仔猪随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪,将过氧化物值(POV)为11.78meqO2/kg的新鲜鱼油(FFO)和POV分别为399.81、701.62、1065.74meqO2/kg的氧化鱼油(OFO)以3%的比例加入到断奶仔猪日粮中,饲喂4周,旨在建立以氧化油脂为氧化应激源的氧化应激动物模型,初探氧化应激对断奶仔猪生产性能和养分利用率的影响。结果表明,氧化应激降低试验猪只生产性能和养分利用率。与FFO组相比,以POV为1065.74meqO2/kg的氧化鱼油作用效果最明显。该过氧化程度的氧化鱼油可使平均日增重降低8.16%,饲料增重比提高9.22%(P<0.05);氮表观消化率和表观利用率分别下降21.91%(P<0.001)和30.55%(P<0.001);干物质和粗脂肪表观消化率分别降低13.05%(P<0.05)和35.18%(P<0.05)。结论:在断奶仔猪日粮中添加3%的POV为1065.74meqO2/kg的氧化鱼油可诱导氧化应激,引起生产性能和养分利用率的下降。     

锌-多糖螯合物对断奶仔猪腹泻、营养物质表观消化率、消化酶活性的影响

试验将280只平均体重为(6.13±0.22)kg的断奶仔猪随机分为4组,每组7个重复,每个重复10只猪。试验基础日粮为玉米-大豆型日粮,对照组(锌含量为42.5 mg/kg)和试验组分别在基础日粮中分别以硫酸锌、硫酸锌+多糖及锌-多糖螯合物的影响分别添加80 mg/kg锌。结果表明,锌-多糖螯合物比硫酸锌和硫酸锌+多糖显著提高断奶仔猪的平均日增重和平均日采食量(P<0.05)。饲喂锌-多糖螯合物日粮的断奶仔猪较硫酸锌日粮组显著降低了腹泻率(P<0.05),且粗蛋白质表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05)。日粮添加锌-多糖螯合物较硫酸锌和硫酸锌+多糖组显著提高了十二指肠蛋白酶活性(P<0.05),同时锌-多糖螯合物组较对照组和硫酸锌组也显著提高了十二指肠淀粉酶活性(P<0.05)。结论:本试验结果表明,日粮添加锌-多糖螯合物在降低断奶仔猪腹泻率、提高十二指肠消化酶活性和生长性能方面表现出不同于硫酸锌或硫酸锌+多糖的生物活性。     

Effects of dietary supplemental phytoncide instead of zinc oxide on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,blood profiles,and faecal microflora in growing pigs

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of phytoncide (PTC) instead of zinc oxide on growth performance, blood profile, nutrient digestibility and faecal microflora in growing pigs. A total of 120 growing pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] with initial body weight 24.48 ± 1.62 kg were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments for a 6 weeks feeding trials, the treatments as follow: CON (base diet),ZO (CON + 0.03% Zinc Oxide), PTC1 (CON + 0.5% PTC), PTC2 (CON + 1.0% PTC). Compared to basal diet, during weeks 1–3, 3–6, and overall experimental period, the ADG of growing pigs fed phytoncide diet trend to be increased, and fed ZO diet was significantly increased (p < 0.05). During weeks 3–6 and overall experiment period, pigs fed the ZO diet showed improvement in feed intake compared to pigs fed basal diet as a trend. Compared with basal diet, the pigs receiving phytoncide diet significantly increased the digestibility of DM and reduced the concentration of aspartate transaminase in pigs receiving 1.0% phytoncide diet. These results suggested that dietary supplement of phytoncide, Korean pine extract, could be used as an alternative to zinc oxide by decreasing detoxify to soil and plants without influencing the performance of growing pigs. Further study is needed to determine the systemic estimation of the dose of phytoncide.     

凝结芽孢杆菌BC66对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率及肠道形态结构的影响

为研究凝结芽孢杆菌BC66对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表现消化率及肠道形态结构的影响,试验选取同批次体况相近的21日龄[杜×长×大,(6.39±0.36)kg]断奶仔猪180头,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复20头.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别在基础日粮中添加1.0×106、1.0×107 cfu/g凝结芽孢...     

氧化锌对断奶仔猪生产性能和体液免疫的影响

本试验研究了不同添加水平的氧化锌对断奶仔猪生产性能和体液免疫的影响。选择96头21日龄健康三元(杜×长×大)杂交断奶仔猪,平均体重(6.87±0.53)kg,按体重和性别分成4个处理组,每处理组3个重复。第1组为对照组,饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮 金霉素100mg/kg,第2、3、4组为试验组,在基础日粮中添加氧化锌,添加水平依次为900、1800、3400mg/kg。研究结果表明,各试验组日增重、料肉比显著改善(P<0.05),腹泻率显著下降(P<0.05),同时添加氧化锌还可以提高仔猪血清IgG、IgA、IgM含量,使仔猪体液免疫功能得到增强。     

The effects of dietary supplementation with porous zinc oxide on growth performance,intestinal microbiota,morphology, and permeability in weaned piglets

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with porous zinc oxide (HiZox) on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, morphology, and permeability in weaned piglets. A total of 128 weaned piglets [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] with an average body weight (BW) of (6.55 ± 0.25 kg; 21 d of age) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: (1) a corn‐soybean basal diet; (2) basal diet + 3,000 mg/kg conventional ZnO; (3) basal diet + 200 mg/kg HiZox; (4) basal diet + 500 mg/kg HiZox. The experiments lasted for 28 days. Incremental HiZox in the diet increased ADG (linear p = 0.015; quadratic p = 0.043) and ADFI (linear p = 0.027; quadratic p = 0.038), and the diarrhea index decreased linearly and quadratically (p < 0.01) as HiZox supplemented increased. Furthermore, supplementation with HiZox increased the amounts of Lactobacillus spp. (p < 0.05) in the ileum and cecum in comparison with that of control treatment or 3,000 mg/kg ZnO treatment, while decreased the populations of Escherichia coli, Clostridium coccoides, and Clostridium. leptum subgroup (p < 0.05) in the ileum and cecum relative to those in control treatment. The addition of HiZox increased the villus height and villus‐to‐crypt ratio (VC) of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (p < 0.05), while decreased the crypt depth of jejunum (p < 0.05) and tended to reduce the crypt depth of duodenum (p < 0.10) compared with the control treatment. Piglets fed with 500 mg/kg HiZox had lower serum D‐lactate and diamine oxidase (DAO) than those fed with basal control diet or 3,000 mg/kg ZnO diet (p < 0.01). The results suggested that supplementation with HiZox modulated intestinal microbial composition and improved intestinal morphology, which may exert protective effects on the integrity of the mucosal barrier function of weaned piglets, was as efficacious as pharmaceutical doses of ZnO in enhancing growth performance, indicating that the HiZox may be a promising alternative to pharmaceutical doses of ZnO.     

黑曲霉益生菌对断奶仔猪生长及日粮养分消化的影响

选取28和35日龄健康杜长大断奶仔猪,研究日粮添加黑曲霉出发菌或变异菌对仔猪生长及日粮养分消化的影响。结果表明,黑曲霉变异菌株(ANO2)可提高仔猪的日增重和采食量(P<0.05),降低其料肉比(P<0.05);黑曲霉出发菌和变异菌均可以显著提高饲料中干物质和粗纤维的消化率(P<0.05),但对粗蛋白质、无氮浸出物和粗脂肪的消化率无显著影响;黑曲霉还可提高断奶仔猪肠道内纤维酶活性(P<0.05)。变异菌株的促生长效应要明显好于出发菌;变异菌可以显著提高仔猪肠道内总蛋白酶活性(P<0.05),但出发菌对仔猪的日增重、采食量和肠道总蛋白酶活性没有显著影响。这表明,利用N 离子注入诱变选育益生菌是可行的,其实际饲喂效果也是比较理想的。     

不同复合酶对断奶仔猪生产性能和饲料养分利用率影响的比较研究

选用25～27日龄断奶的"长×大"二元杂交断奶仔猪96头[平均体重为(7.31±0.14)kg],以研究不同复合酶对断奶仔猪生产性能和饲料养分消化率的影响。试验仔猪按完全随机区组设计分为4个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复8头仔猪,试验期14 d。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组A、B、C在基础日粮中分别添加不同的复合酶A、B、C。试验结果表明:基础日粮中添加复合酶A、B、C后,断奶仔猪的平均日增重分别提高了7.58%(P<0.05)、10.15%(P<0.05)和5.74%(P<0.05),料重比分别降低了5.47%(P<0.05)、8.59%(P<0.05)和6.25%(P<0.05),有机物、粗蛋白和磷的消化率显著提高(P<0.05),粗蛋白的消化率分别提高了2.96%、3.3%和2.26%。在3种复合酶中,以复合酶B的效果为最好,其次为复合酶A和C。     

不同酸化剂对断奶仔猪生长、免疫性能和微生物菌群的影响

文章旨在评估日粮添加不同酸化剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫性能和微生物菌群的影响.试验将384头平均初始体重为(6.16±0.23)kg的21?d断奶仔猪随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复16头,各组断奶仔猪分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+45?mg/kg抗菌肽、基础日粮+4?kg/T柠檬酸及基础日粮+3?kg/T复合酸化剂...     

乳酸杆菌、抗生素及其合用对断奶仔猪生长和消化的影响

选择(杜×大×长)三元杂交28日龄健康断奶仔猪72头,分成3个处理,每处理4个重复。研究了基础日粮中添加黄霉素(10 mg/kg)、复合乳酸杆菌(0.25%)及两者合用(10 mg/kg黄霉素+0.25%复合乳酸杆菌)对断奶仔猪生长和养分消化率的影响。结果显示,3个处理组仔猪日均耗料无显著差异(P>0.05)。乳酸杆菌组仔猪平均日增重极显著高于其他2组(P<0.01),黄霉素组和合用组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。乳酸杆菌组料重比极显著低于黄霉素组(P<0.01),与合用组无显著差异(P>0.05);3个处理组仔猪在粗脂肪、粗蛋白质、钙和总磷表观消化率方面均无显著差异(P>0.05),其中以乳酸杆菌组最高。结果表明,日粮中添加复合乳酸杆菌能显著提高断奶仔猪日增重和饲料转化效率,具有改善养分表观消化率的趋势,复合乳酸杆菌和黄霉素联合使用,降低了单独使用复合乳酸杆菌的效果。     

谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪生长性能及肠道形态发育的影响

选21日龄断奶的杜大长仔猪72头,按试验要求分为2组,每组3个重复,每重复12头。分别饲喂基础日粮和含1%谷氨酰胺(Gln)日粮,试验期21 d,在断奶后0 d、7 d和14 d分别屠宰取小肠测重,并取十二指肠、空肠、回肠测定绒毛高度和隐窝深度。试验结果表明:断奶后7 d,日粮中添加Gln可显著提高仔猪的平均日增重和小肠相对重量,提高十二指肠和空肠绒毛的高度,降低十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度;断奶后14 d,日粮中添加Gln对断奶仔猪的生长和肠道形态发育影响与基础日粮组相比差异不显著。     

Effects of dietary supplementation of modified zinc oxide on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,blood profiles,fecal microbial shedding and fecal score in weanling pigs

One hundred and forty piglets ((Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc, 21 day of age) with an initial weight of 6.50 ± 0.71 kg, were randomly allotted into four treatments to determine the effects of a modified form of zinc oxide (ZnO) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, fecal microbial shedding and fecal score in weanling pigs. Dietary treatments were: (i) NC, negative control, basal diet containing zinc (Zn) from the premix; (ii) PC, positive control, basal diet containing Zn‐free premix + 3000 ppm ZnO; (iii) H1, basal diet containing Zn‐free premix + 3000 ppm ZnO (phase 1, days 1 to 14)/200 ppm modified ZnO (phase 2, days 15 to 42); (iv) H2, basal diet containing Zn‐free premix + 300 ppm modified ZnO (phase 1)/200 ppm modified ZnO (phase 2). During days 1 to 14, average daily gains (ADG) were higher (P = 0.04) in PC, H1 and H2 groups than that in NC group. Overall, H1 treatment increased the ADG compared with NC (P = 0.05). On day 14, the alkaline phosphatase and plasma Zn concentration were increased (P = 0.01 and 0.04, respectively) in PC, H1 and H2 treatments compared with NC treatment. On days 14 and 42, the fecal Lactobacillus counts in NC group were lowest (P = 0.01, P = 0.04 respectively) among treatments. All supplemented groups showed lower (P = 0.03) fecal score than NC treatment on days 21 and 28. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with modified ZnO increased growth rates and reduced fecal scores in weanling pig. Modified ZnO could be used as a substitute to ZnO as a growth promoter and reduce Zn excretion to the environment because of the lower dosage. [Correction added on 3 February 2015, after first online publication: the initial weight of ‘6.50 ± 1.11 kg’ has been replaced with ‘6.50 ± 0.71 kg’ in the abstract.]     

血红素铁对断奶仔猪生长性能和血液指标的影响

选取120头28日龄断奶仔猪,随机分成4个处理组,即1个对照组和3个试验组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别饲喂基础日粮中血红素铁净添加量为27.5、55.0、85.0 mg/kg的3种试验日粮,研究日粮中添加血红素铁对断奶仔猪的生长性能、血液指标(血红蛋白浓度、免疫球蛋白浓度)的影响。试验正试期13 d。结果表明,血红素铁各添加量组均能够提高仔猪的生长性能,日粮中血红素铁添加量为55 mg/kg时,仔猪平均日增重、饲料转化率较对照组分别提高12.02%和10.27%(P<0.05)。血红素铁对断奶仔猪有良好的促生长作用,也在一定程度上提高了仔猪血液中血红蛋白和IgG浓度。     

锌对断奶仔猪肠道屏障的影响

仔猪饲粮中添加高锌可以降低仔猪腹泻率.本文从肠道屏障角度探讨高锌与断奶仔猪肠道健康的关系.     

不同来源单宁酸替代氧化锌对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率和肠道形态的影响

试验旨在研究2种不同来源的水解单宁酸,栗木水解单宁酸(HCT)和五倍子水解单宁酸(HGT)对断奶仔猪的生长性能、腹泻率和肠道发育的影响。试验选用平均体重10 kg左右的"杜×长×大"三元杂交猪117头,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复13头猪。对照组仔猪饲喂基础日粮+高锌(1600 g/t,以ZnO计),2个处理组在基础日粮中添加同一水平不同来源的HCT和HGT(以单宁酸计,折算后添加),试验期25 d。结果显示,HCT组和HGT组仔猪的平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。饲养1~2周,HCT组和HGT组仔猪的腹泻率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),第3周后,各组仔猪腹泻率差异不显著(P>0.05)。HCT组和HGT组仔猪的空肠黏膜厚度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结果表明,添加HCT和HGT均能改善仔猪的生长性能,对采食量的影响不大,HCT对仔猪腹泻率的控制效果优于HGT,且可改善仔猪肠道发育和肠黏膜功能。     

中草药制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化和免疫的影响

文章旨在评估日粮添加中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化和免疫指标的影响.试验选择21?d断奶、平均体重为(5.90±0.03)kg的仔猪450头,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复30头.对照组饲喂基础日粮,抗菌肽组饲喂基础日粮+45?mg/kg抗菌肽,中草药组饲喂基础日粮+200?mg/kg中草药添加剂,试验...     

持续低温对断奶仔猪生长性能、饲料养分表观消化率及血液生化指标的影响

为了阐明持续低温对断奶仔猪生长性能、饲料养分表观消化率和血液生化指标的影响。试验采用单因素随机试验设计,选取体重相近[(7.11±0.51) kg],26日龄刚断奶的健康三元(杜×长×大)仔猪108头,依照体重随机分为3个组,每组6个重复,每个重复6头猪,试验A组与试验B组分别饲养于14～18℃和19～23℃下,对照C组饲养于适温24～28℃下,试验期21 d。结果表明:①C组的ADG、ADFI分别比A组和B组高51.04%、22.96%和28.32%、11.08%(P<0.05);C组F/G显著优于A、B组(P<0.05)。②腹泻指数在A组极显著高于B、C组(P<0.01),C组腹泻率较A、B组分别降低9.79、3.85个百分点。③C组干物质表观消化率极显著高于A、B组(P<0.01);A、B组粗蛋白表观消化率较C组分别低4.27、1.82个百分点;A、B组粗脂肪表观消化率较C组分别低7.08、2.51个百分点;A、B组能量利用率较C组分别低1.6、0.5个百分点;④仔猪的TP、ALB含量在A组都显著高于B、C组(P<0.05),B组显著高于C组(P<0.05);A、B两组的GLO含量都显著高于C组(P<0.05)。说明持续低温会显著降低仔猪的生长性能、饲料养分表观消化率,并引起血液中参与机体调节物质含量上升,以应对持续低温的不良影响。     

Changes in diarrhea,nutrients apparent digestibility,digestive enzyme activities of weaned piglets in response to chitosan‐zinc chelate

A total of 120 weanling barrows weighing 6.11 ± 0.20 kg were randomly allotted to four treatments with three replications (i.e. pen) of ten piglets per replicate. Pigs were received corn‐soybean basal diet (control) or the same basal diet supplemented with the following sources of zinc: (i) 100 mg/kg of Zn as ZnSO₄; (ii) 100 mg/kg of Zn as chitosan‐Zn chelate (CS‐Zn); and (iii) 100 mg/kg of Zn as ZnSO₄ mixed with chitosan (CS + ZnSO₄). The results showed that CS‐Zn could highly improve average daily gain and average daily feed intake than those of ZnSO₄ or CS+ ZnSO₄ (P < 0.05). The pigs fed dietary CS‐Zn had lower diarrhea incidence and higher apparent digestibility of crude protein than those of the pigs fed dietary ZnSO₄ (P < 0.05). The protease activities in duodenal content of the pigs receiving CS‐Zn diets was higher than that of the pigs fed dietary ZnSO₄ or CS + ZnSO₄ (P < 0.05). The amylase activity in duodenal content of the pigs fed dietary CS‐Zn was higher than that of the pigs receiving ZnSO₄ diets or basal diets (P < 0.05). These results indicated that dietary CS‐Zn showed different bioactivities from ZnSO₄ or CS + ZnSO₄ in reducing the incidence of diarrhea, improving activities of digestive enzymes and growth performance of weaned pigs.     

蛋白营养粉对断奶仔猪生长性能和蓝耳病毒抗体效价的影响

选取160头23日龄断奶仔猪,随机分成A、B、C、D 4组,每组4个重复,每个重复10头,A组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,B、C、D组为试验组,分别饲喂用蛋白营养粉以1%、2%、3%的添加量等比例替代基础日粮中鱼粉的日粮,研究蛋白营养粉替代鱼粉对仔猪生长性能和蓝耳病毒抗体效价的影响。试验期21 d。试验结果表明:试验前期(1～10 d),对照组平均日增重、料重比均优于各试验组,其中料肉比显著低于2%替代组(P<0.05);试验后期(11～21 d),1%替代组的平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比等指标均优于对照组(P>0.05),2%替代组的平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比较对照组差,但差异不明显(P>0.05);全期试验中,1%、2%替代组仔猪生长性能与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),试验组腹泻率较对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),试验组的蓝耳病毒抗体阳性率和抗体效价较对照组均有所提高。     

精胺对断奶仔猪生产性能和血清生化指标的影响

为了研究精胺对断奶仔猪生产性能和血清生化指标的影响,选用30头(21±2)d断奶的健康、体重相近的仔猪,随机分为5个处理组,每个处理6个重复,断奶当天起,分别每天口腔灌服0,300,600,900和1 200μmol的精胺,连续灌服3 d,试验期为14 d。结果表明:灌服900和1 200μmol的精胺,可显著提高仔猪的平均日采食量(P<0.05);在断奶后第7天,与对照组相比,灌服900和1 200μmol两组血清二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性分别降低了24.11%和23.17%(P<0.05),血清尿素氮含量分别增加了50.31%和49.69%(P<0.05);在断奶后第14天,与对照组相比,灌服900和1 200μmol两组DAO活性分别降低了16.80%和21.14%(P<0.05),而其他血液指标含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。