微量元素在动物体内转运机制概述

微量元素在机体中含量仅为0.01%,却是动物生命活动所必需的营养素,参与体内一系列重要的生长与繁殖等生命活动,对维持动物健康起重要作用。文章从转运、抗氧化和免疫3个方面对铜、铁、锰、锌4种微量元素在机体内的作用机理展开综述。     

铜在体内代谢的研究进展

铜是动物体内必需的微量元素,它不仅参与机体内蛋白质、氨基酸、核酸、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素等营养物质的代谢[1],还在骨骼发育、生长、繁殖、免疫等生理机能中起着重要作用,并且参与机体的造血、黑色素形成、自由基防御、结缔组织生物合成、细胞呼     

铜在动物体内代谢的研究进展

铜是人类和动物体内重要的微量元素之一,它不仅参与机体内蛋白质、氨基酸、核酸、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素等营养物质代谢,而且还在骨骼发育、生殖、免疫、凝血、生物膜的稳定性等生理机能中起着重要作用。本文综述了近年来铜在动物体内的吸收、转运、分布及排泄的研究进展,认为铜代谢及其平衡机制应予以深入研究。     

单羧酸转运蛋白1在动物体内的转运调控机制

单羧酸转运蛋白1(MCT1)是动物体内最重要的单羧酸转运蛋白亚型,广泛分布于动物体的各个组织细胞中,通过参与乳酸、短链脂肪酸等单羧酸物质的跨膜转运,发挥着多种生物学功能,包括参与营养物质转运、调节pH、作为癌症治疗的靶点、调控葡萄糖代谢平衡等。本文就近年研究,总结了MCT1在单胃和反刍动物体内的定位分布、表达差异,并重点阐述了MCT1通过转运单羧酸发挥的生物学功能和转运调控机制,为MCT1在动物体内的调控机制研究提供参考。     

类胡萝卜素在动物体内的代谢

综述动物对类胡萝卜素的吸收方式、类胡萝卜素在畜禽体内的断裂机制、转运方式和载体以及沉积部位。     

类胡萝卜素在动物体内的代谢

综述动物对类胡萝卜素的吸收方式、类胡萝卜素在畜禽体内的断裂机制、转运方式和载体以及沉积部位。     

铜对动物体内脂类代谢影响的研究进展

膳食中的胆固醇与动脉粥样硬化的关系,一直倍受医学界和消费者的关注。近3O多年来,消费者对膳食胆固醇的担心推动了畜牧业,特别是蛋鸡养殖业降低鸡蛋中胆固醇含量的研究目前国内外陆续有一些关于铜对动物胆固醇代谢具有调控作用的报道。     

微量元素铜代谢研究进展

综述了微量元素铜在机体内的吸收、运转、细胞内的分布和排泄,铜的生物学功能,铜与畜禽健康,铜缺乏症,铜中毒症,铜的需要量与供给和影响饲料铜吸收利用的因素等方面的研究状况,强调了铜的生物学作用和畜禽健康,认为铜的基因调控机制应予深入研究。     

微量元素铜在动物机体中的作用研究进展

<正>1铜在动物体内的吸收及转运1.1铜的吸收动物体内的铜主要通过采食饲料和饮水获得。用放射性同位素法研究表明,铜进入消化道后主要在十二指肠和小肠前端吸收,部分也可发生在胃部和小肠远端,一些通过胆汁排出的铜经肝肠循环再回收利用。     

铜肠道稳态平衡调控机制研究进展

铜是动物机体必需的微量元素之一,肠道细胞内铜的吸收、储存、释放、转运对肠道铜稳态的维护至关重要,肠道铜稳态的失衡使肠道细胞脱落导致肠道功能障碍。随着对肠道铜转运因子与靶细胞器研究的逐步深入和完善,人们取得了新的发现和认识。作者综述了胞内的线粒体、高尔基体、胞浆分别与铜伴侣蛋白、铜转运蛋白的结合途径,阐明了铜特异性转运蛋白（CTR1）的表达机制,铜转出蛋白（ATP7A、ATP7B）在高铜情况下的再分配机制及其他上皮细胞组织铜的稳态机制。根据以上机制得出,肠细胞亚细胞器的铜转运蛋白的表达位置和表达水平随其内环境铜水平的变化而趋于肠稳态形式变化。此结论为揭示肠道铜稳态机制提供了一定的理论依据。     

Research Progress on Regulation Mechanisms of Intestinal Copper Homeostasis

Copper is one of the necessary trace elements in animals. The absorption, storage, release and transportation of cellular copper in intestinal play an critical role in maintaining intracellular copper homeostasis, the imbalance of which can lead to intestinal dysfunction resulting from intestinal cell shedding.As for the gradually further and perfect studying on intestinal copper transporter and target organelles, people have achieved new discoveries and understanding. This article reviewed the binding pathway between intracellular mitochondria, golgi apparatus, cytoplasm and copper chaperone, as well as copper transporters. The expression mechanism of CTR1 transporters, redistribution mechanism of ATP7A and ATP7B in the case of high copper and homeostatic mechanism of other epithelial tissue copper were elucidated.Based on the above mechanism, the change of homeostasis in the intestine is a dynamic equilibrium which is related to the intestinal copper level and the expression of copper transporter in intestinal subcellular organelle,such as expression location and expression level. The conclusion will provide a theoretical foundation for revealing the mechanism of intestinal copper homeostasis.     

不同铜源对畜禽作用及对环境的影响

铜是动物体内必不可少的微量元素,在畜禽日粮中添加高剂量铜（高铜）起到改善畜禽生产性能作用,但是,对畜禽产品安全及环境污染应引起高度重视,文章除对高铜在畜禽日粮中的作用外,对不同铜源的在畜禽日粮中的添加进行实验比较。对畜禽日粮中添加有机铜、铜氨基酸鳌合物在畜禽机体吸收、改善生产性能、有机铜、铜氨基酸鳌合物的排泄及环境污染进行综合研究。     

The Biosynthesis and Transport of Carnitine and its Application in Animal Husbandry

Carnitine,an indispensable metabolite,was found in muscle in 1905.Carnitine plays an important role in the transport of long-chain fatty acids from cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix,where fatty acid β-oxidation takes place.In recent years,carnitine,an essential nutrient in improving livestock production and reproductive performance,has more and more widely application in animal production.In this review,we summarize the biosynthesis and transport of carnitine,as well as the application of animal production,which provides theoretical basis and insight into further research on carnitine.     

肉碱的生物合成、转运及其在畜牧业中的应用

肉碱是1905年在肌肉中发现的一种必需代谢产物,它的主要生理功能是将细胞液中的长链脂肪酸转运到线粒体中参与脂肪酸β-氧化为机体提供能量.近年来,肉碱作为一种改善畜禽生产和繁殖性能的必需营养物质,在畜牧生产中的应用越来越广泛.作者综述了肉碱的生物合成、转运及其在畜牧业中的应用,以期为肉碱相关研究提供理论依据和思路.     

动物脂肪酸转运蛋白1的研究进展

脂肪含量对人类和动物健康以及动物肉品质均有重要影响.脂肪酸转运蛋白1(fatty acid transport protein 1,FATP1)是整合的跨膜蛋白,属于脂肪酸转运蛋白家族(FATPs)成员,参与脂肪酸跨膜转运及脂肪酸代谢,是影响脂肪含量的关键基因之一,近年来引起了越来越多的关注.本文就FATP1的结构特点...     

铜、铬营养及其互作对产蛋鸡脂类代谢的调节作用

按2×3因子安排的完全随机设计,选取96只24周龄的海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为6组,铜添加0和150mg/kg,铬添加0,600μg/kg,1000μg/kg。试验8周后测定肝脏、血清中总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)的含量,并分析对肝脏谷胱甘肽(GSH)和铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu/Zn-SOD)、血清卵磷脂酰基转移酶(LCAT)和胰岛素(Ins)的影响。结果表明,添加150mg/kg铜能够提高产蛋率5.8%(P=0.048),显著降低肝脏、血清TG、TC水平。补充高铜显著提高GSH产量(P<0.01),增强Cu/Zn-SOD活性(P<0.01),降低Ins水平(P<0.01),显著增强LCAT活性(P<0.01)。补充铬能够显著降低采食量(P<0.01),降低肝脏TC,血清TG和TC,增强Cu/Zn-SOD的活性(P<0.05)。铜和铬对日采食量和料蛋比有负互作效应,对降低血清TG存在互作效应。     

The Effect of Dietary Sulphate Copper Supplementation on Growth Performance, Intestinal Digestive Enzymes and Absorptive Transporters in Weanling Pigs

The experiment was conducted to assess the effects of dietary supplementation of Cu on the growth performance, digestive enzymes, tissue minerals and absorptive transporters in small intestinal mucosa of weanling pigs. One hundred crossbred pigs weaned at 28 ± 2 d of age were assigned randomly to one of the following diets with 5 replicates: corn-soybean basal diet with 10, 100, 175, 250 mg/kg of Cu as CuSO₄•5H₂O. The results showed that 250 mg/kg Cu had a positive effect (P < 0.05) on average daily gain, daily feed intake and ratio of gain/feed. Compared to 10 mg/kg Cu, higher Cu had significant effect on the apparent digestibility of protein and fat (P < 0.05). The supplementing of Cu improved amylase and lipase activity in jejunum content and lipase in pancreas (P < 0.05) and had no effect on intestinal morphology. The liver Cu elevated approximately 4-fold in pigs fed diet with 250 mg/kg Cu compared with pigs fed diet with 10 mg/kg Cu, no increases were observed in pigs receiving the lower level of Cu (100 and 175 mg/kg). Both Fe and Zn contents in kidney and liver were not affected by Cu supplementation. There was no positive effect (P > 0.05) of Cu supplementation on PepT1 (peptide transporter 1) and SGLT1 (sodium/glucose cotransporter) mRNA abundance in intestinal mucosa. However, higher supplementing level (250 mg/kg) significantly elevated the DMT1 (divalent metal transporter) mRNA abundance in duodenum mucosa. These results suggested that dietary supplementation with 250 mg/kg Cu could improve growth performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal enzyme activities of weanling pigs.     

The Effect of Dietary Sulphate Copper Supplementation on Growth Performance, Intestinal Digestive Enzymes and Absorptive Transporters in Weanling Pigs

The experiment was conducted to assess the effects of dietary supplementation of Cu on the growth performance,digestive enzymes,tissue minerals and absorptive transporters in small intestinal mucosa of weanling pigs.One hundred crossbred pigs weaned at 28±2 d of age were assigned randomly to one of the following diets with 5 replicates:corn-soybean basal diet with 10,100,175,250 mg/kg of Cu as CuSO4·5H2O.The results showed that 250 mg/kg Cu had a positive effect (P0.05) on average daily gain,daily feed intake and ratio of gain/feed.Compared to 10 mg/kg Cu,higher Cu had significant effect on the apparent digestibility of protein and fat (P0.05).The supplementing of Cu improved amylase and lipase activity in jejunum content and lipase in pancreas (P0.05) and had no effect on intestinal morphology.The liver Cu elevated approximately 4-fold in pigs fed diet with 250 mg/kg Cu compared with pigs fed diet with 10 mg/kg Cu,no increases were observed in pigs receiving the lower level of Cu (100 and 175 mg/kg).Both Fe and Zn contents in kidney and liver were not affected by Cu supplementation.There was no positive effect (P0.05) of Cu supplementation on PepT1 (peptide transporter 1) and SGLT1 (sodium/glucose cotransporter) mRNA abundance in intestinal mucosa.However,higher supplementing level (250 mg/kg) significantly elevated the DMT1 (divalent metal transporter) mRNA abundance in duodenum mucosa.These results suggested that dietary supplementation with 250 mg/kg Cu could improve growth performance,nutrient digestibility and intestinal enzyme activities of weanling pigs.