The Storage of Tree Data Structure by Gradation and Classification and Application in CAD for Engineering Structure

The traditional storage of tree data structure is according to the relation of the elements' frant-and-back. Since it is difficult to define the frant-and-back relation of graphics units in CAD for Engineering structure, the application of the tree structure becomes inconvenient. The authors change the storing method for the tree structure into gradation and classification. And a graded equivalence relation of graphics units is brought forward, which grade the graphics units with the equivalence relation. By using this storing method, we can easily accomplish some operations, such as picking up the subtree with a certain character, deleting a node, insert a graded and classified node, etc. The example provided indicates that the storage by gradation and classification can speed up searching and process the data of the subtree by gradation and classification expediently. This kind of storing method for the tree structure is applicable for data which contain the graded equivalence relation.     

A Product BOM Management Method Based on Single Layer BOM

Bill of material of product is data about product structure, and plays an important role in product information management. The paper analyzed characteristics of product BOM, and put forward a product BOM management method based on single layer BOM, witch can well meet requirements of product BOM.     

Evaluating System Design and Realization of Microteaching Based on Fuzzy Compositive Judgment

Information inspecting and evaluating in information are the important aspects for microteaching development. The design and realization of microteaching compositive evaluating system by using database and software technology, and the method based on fuzzy compositive judgment to design the evaluating system, which provides a science and impersonal evaluating method are deeply disscussed. The system structure, which is compositive form of C/S and B/S, function model and realization method are described in detail. C/S part is mainly in charge for computing, statistics and evaluating, and B/S part mainly for issuing the result of evaluation and querying the information of system. It is proved to be true that this mixed structure gets good effects in the system development and usage.     

Research on Material Delivery BOM Model Based on Technical Processing

在单因素试验确定的食盐添加量(A)、发酵温度(B)、发酵时间(C)、接种量(D)各较优化工艺参数的基础上进行4因素3水平正交实验,以pH值为指标,并兼顾产品品质,综合分析后确定4因素最佳工艺条件为:A1B2C2D3,即采用食盐添加量为2%,发酵温度为30℃,发酵时间为22 h,清酒乳杆菌3%接种量.     

基于L-System模型的Web三维果园构建方法研究

网络技术和虚拟现实技术的发展为农作物生境的展示提供了多样化的方式。笔者研究在 L-System植物模型的基础上,提出一种简单、快速的在线三维果园构建技术方案：采用Xfrog软件构建果树三维模型,运用Unity3D引擎设计果园三维场景并实现人工交互,以热带水果——莲雾作为应用范例,构建Web三维莲雾园模型,模型具有真实感强、交互功能丰富、操作简单等特点。该方案为果树生长研究、农业景观规划和乡村旅游推广等应用提供三维可视化的展示方式。     

树高精准化测量原理与模型及其精度研究

树高的精准测量是森林资源经营和管理的一项基础工作,也是评价立地质量和林木生长状况的重要依据。实验中利用测高器、罗盘仪、经纬仪和全站仪等仪器测定了7个不同树种的树高,阐述了其测量的原理与过程,并构建了树高精准化测量的模型。根据30组不同树种的树高测量数据进行对比和分析,得出树高自动精准测量的结果：全站仪的精度最高,其次是经纬仪和罗盘仪,最后是测高器。采用相同的仪器测量不同树种的树高,其精度也不同。树干笔直、树冠简单的树种精度较高;针叶树种也比阔叶树种精度高。构建的树高测量模型,为实现林业调查的自动化和精准化提供了理论依据。     

长汀强度水土流失区不同治理模式恢复效果的灰色关联分析

为了筛选出强度水土流失区理想的生物治理模式,为南方水土流失区治理提供植被恢复“范本”,通过对福建长汀强度水土流失区4种不同生物治理模式的群落调查、物种多样性和土壤理化性质测定,采用灰色关联分析方法进行不同治理模式恢复效果的评价。结果表明：不同生物治理模式恢复效果均比对照好,可改良土壤结构,增加土壤蓄水保肥功能,提高土壤有机质和养分含量,丰富植被物种种类和数量。不同模式恢复效果不同,灰色关联序为：乔灌草混交模式(0.934)＞经济林+封育模式(0.794)＞灌木+草本模式(0.487)＞灌木模式(0.484)＞对照(0.337),其中乔灌草混交模式、经济林+封育模式的改良土壤肥力作用显著,植被物种多样性高,治理恢复效果好,是南方强度水土流失区值得推广治理模式。     

Modeling and Algorithms Implement of Traversing of BOM Production Based on Relational Database

The mono-layer BOM and multi-layer BOM trees are defined, and two of the basic algorithms of traversal of multilevel BOM are summarized as well,which are Recursive Search and Level Search. Based on the analysis of algorithms principles, and evaluating the calculating rate, percentage of using CPU and practicability of them, a kind of improved Traversal of multi-level BOM algorithms is proposed. It is applied in relational database with high calculating rate, lower percentage of using CPU and high applicability. The software implement of these algori-thms is also introduced in detail, and the results of its application show that these algorithms are feasible and effective.     

The improved geometrical constraint model of open-pit mine boundary optimum and its application

This paper develops the improved geometric constraint model (IGCM) based on the 3D block model. The variable-slope excavation cones of each block have been abstracted to collections of nodes and directed edges, and the optimization method has been introduced using the set theory. The IGCM consists of the optimized collection nodes and directed edges. The algorithm based on IGCM has been actualized in DIMINE digital mine system, and is applied to an actual open pit mine boundary optimization engineering. The results shows that IGCM can accurately simulate variable slope angles in any azimuth and elevation changes, and adapt to all open pit mine boundary optimum problems in any complex geological conditions, calculation speed and accurate. It provides a new and effective method for the variable-slope open pit mine boundary optimization problem in complex geological conditions.     

Theory Model of Viscoelasticity of Hepatocellullar Carcinoma Cells by Micropipette Aspiration Method

The mechanical properties of cells are relation to their structure and function. Viscoelasticity is a kind of essence properties of cells and an important researching contents in the field of cellular mechanics. Micropipette aspiration technology is an advanced artifice on the level of single cell to study the mechanics of cells. In order to investigate the theory and method in researching mechanical properties of hepatocellullar carcinoma cells with micropipette aspiration, hepatocellullar carcinoma cells was regarded as an even linear solid and the standard linear solid viscoelastic model was chosen to describe viscoelasticity of hepatocellullar carcinoma cells, theory model of viscoelasticity of hepatocellullar carcinoma cells by micropipette aspiration was established according to the related papers, it will provide methodology reference for studies in this fields.     

Nitrogen transfer from a legume tree to the associated grass estimated by the isotopic signature of tree root exudates: A comparison of the N leaf feeding and natural N abundance methods

Nitrogen (N) transfer from legume trees to associated crops is a key factor for the N economy of low-input agroforestry systems. In this work, we presented a new approach to estimate N transfer based on the ¹⁵N content of root exudates and N released by root turnover of the donor plant (Gliricidia sepium) and the temporal change of the ¹⁵N content of the receiver plant (Dichanthium aristatum). The study was carried out in greenhouse using two isotopic methods: ¹⁵N leaf feeding (LF) and the natural ¹⁵N abundance (NA). Measurements of exudate ¹⁵N were made at several dates before and after tree pruning. A time-dependent box model was devised to quantify N transfer in time and to make comparisons between the isotopic methods. In NA, although tree roots and exudates presented a similar ¹⁵N signature before tree pruning, exudates were strongly depleted in ¹⁵N after pruning. In LF, exudates were always depleted in ¹⁵N in relation to tree roots. Hence, the current assumption used in N transfer studies concerning the equal ¹⁵N/¹⁴N distribution in tissues of the donor plant and in its excreted N was not confirmed in our study. Before pruning, N transfer functioned as a two-N-source system (soil N and exudates N) and both isotopic methods provided similar estimates: 11–12% for LF and 10–15% for NA. Calculations performed with the model indicated that N transfer occurred with small or nil fractionation of ¹⁵N in exudates. After pruning, there was a third N source associated with N released from tree root turnover. During this period, the isotopic signature of the receiver plant showed a transient state due to the progressive decrease of ¹⁵N content of that N source. The amount of N derived from the tree represented 65% of the total N content of the grass at the end of the experiments.     

基于决策树方法的淡水沼泽湿地信息提取——以扎龙湿地为例

为了及时准确地获取湿地基础信息,对湿地进行动态监测和保护。以扎龙湿地为研究区,以区域湿地遥感信息提取为目标,采用TM影像数据、DEM数据、归一化植被指数、纹理信息等复合识别指标构建决策树模型,对研究区不同地类进行分类。然后与传统的最大监督分类法所得到的结果进行对比。结果表明,采用基于指数的决策树分类方法对扎龙湿地类型进行分类,较传统的最大似然监督分类精度提高了14.6%;总体Kappa系数提高了0.1751,分类精度较监督分类有明显的提高,证明基于多源数据决策树分类方法是内陆淡水沼泽湿地信息提取的有效手段。     

宝天曼自然保护区主要树木种群竞争数量关系

应用53株对象木及其竞争木的调查数据,采用Hegyi单木竞争指数模型,对宝天曼地区锐齿栎和化香树木种群的种内和种间竞争数量关系进行了定量分析。结果表明,锐齿栎树木种群的种内竞争大于种间竞争,化香树木种群的种内竞争小于种间竞争。对距对象木2、4、6、8m范围内的竞争强度计算结果表明,锐齿栎和化香种群竞争强度最大值均出现在 0-2m的范围内。对象木竞争强度与胸径大小的关系服从幂函数曲线模型,且胸径达到20cm后竞争强度的明显减小。     

基于承包地确权成果的农作物种植结构调查

为快速、便捷获取农作物种植结构信息,选择山西省永济市开张镇作为研究区,基于农村土地承包经营权确权登记颁证成果数据,采用访谈调查法获取研究区农作物种植结构,并通过实地验证对其精度进行检验.结果表明:(1)开张镇农作物面积8926.86 hm2,包括果树、小麦、玉米等11种作物,农作物以果树和小麦为主,涉及39012个承包...     

吊瓶精准输液技术对芒果产量的影响

采用吊瓶精准输液技术,在芒果树开花到成熟期按树体大小定量向树杆木质部注射营养液,以确定对芒果产量的增产效应,结果表明：芒果果数可增产23.85%,单果重可增产22.77%,总产量可增产52.06%,其产投比为3.38:1,是对照产投比（2.29:1）的1.48倍。通过定量分析和计算机模拟的方法推导出芒果精确施肥用药量的数学模型为?=5.15383(D)3.09674(g),对吊瓶输液技术导致芒果抗旱丰产的原因进行分析及讨论。     

Research on immunization strategies based on independent sets of complex networks

According to the concept of independent set, this paper proposes a new immunization strategy of complex networks which immunizes the nodes in an independent set with maximum degree, called targeted immunization in the independent set. When the total degree of immune nodes in independent set is equal to the total degree of targeted immunization nodes in the whole network, the immunization strategy of independent set is more effective than the targeted immunization strategy of the whole network. Based on the network structure, this paper explains the reason. Comparing the random immunization of independent sets with the random immunization in the whole network, test results indicate that more nodes do not be removed with high degree for the random immunization of independent sets. For classic susceptible-infected(SI) model, all nodes in the network are only two states: susceptible or infected. In the study of immunization strategies, comparing SI model with SIR, SIS models. The use of SI model will be more favorable.     

Structure of Recycle for Methods Base in DSS

In practice, it is a huge project to exploit DSS and very difficult to control expense of exploiting DSS, raise efficiency, and to ensure software'squality and reliability. Then a perfect methodsbaseis required. Recycling methods base can solve questions above. This kind of recycle contains two respects: recycle of programcodes and recycle methodsin building model.Based the logic structure of arithmeticand using the technology of OOM/OOP, the recycle of programcodes of methods is established. The structure of methods class library's arrangement and their relation map are gotten, at the same time relation data model manage methods are used in order to recycle methods in models base.     

天然丝栗栲生长规律研究

为了研究天然丝栗栲的生长规律,以及对丝栗栲树种的生长趋势进行预估,以福建南平延平区天 然丝栗栲解析木资料为基础,通过树干解析的方法和方程的拟合,对丝栗栲的胸径、树高、材积随年龄变 化的规律进行分析研究。结果表明：福建省延平区天然丝栗栲的胸径、树高、材积总生长量都随年龄的 增加而增加,天然丝栗栲的胸径、树高的最优生长模型为二次曲线模型,材积的最优生长模型为 Richards 和Korf 2 个模型。树木生长前10 年,生长速度较快,在树高上反映较明显。幼龄树苗的成长最 为迅速。在培养时,应特别注重幼龄树苗的水、肥管理,以提高丝栗栲的生长量。     

闽东山区不同密度突脉青冈人工林土壤肥力的分形研究

针对闽东山区造林树种针叶化且连栽引起生产力下降和地力退化问题,开展乡土阔叶树种突脉青冈密度选择试验。运用分形理论对造林密度分别为2400、3000、3600 和4050 株/hm2的突脉青冈人工林的土壤结构和理化性质进行研究,以荒山为对照。结果显示：突脉青冈土壤分形维数与土壤水稳性团聚体、团聚体含量、结构体破坏率及土壤理化性质呈显著回归关系,分形维数与＞0.25 mm土壤颗粒含量线性负相关,与结构体破坏率呈线性正相关;不同密度的突脉青冈土壤团粒结构的分形维数大小顺序表现为荒山＞4050 株/hm2＞3600 株/hm2＞2400 株/hm2＞3000 株/hm2。上述表明：分形维数可用于表征土壤肥力大小,突脉青冈造林密度为3000 株/hm2时的土壤结构、稳定性及肥力最好,是最佳造林密度;运用分形理论研究林地肥力状况为林地质量评价提供了一种新思路。     

利用机载激光雷达的林木识别与参数反演

为了提高利用机载激光雷达林木识别精度,以全波形激光雷达分解数据为基础,首先利用控制标记分水岭算法对树冠高程模型进行分割,初步确定单株木位置;然后结合单株木结构特征,在三维空间中利用马尔可夫随机场进行单株木点云分割;最后,使用9个样地实测数据对激光雷达反演的林木参数进行回归分析验证。结果表明：单株木识别率为76%,位置误差均值和方差分别为0.67、0.19 m,单株木树高、树冠直径和胸高径的RMSE分别为1.03 m（4.57%）、0.56 m（10.48%）、3.01 cm（11.01%）,样地断面积和材积的RMSE分别为2.42 m2/hm2（8.11%）和17.83 m3/hm2（9.11%）。本研究能有效提高单株木点云分割精度,能满足单株木和林分参数反演要求,提高林业调查的自动化程度。