山东省乡村人居林的类型及其模式划分

随着社会主义新农村建设的快速发展,乡村人居林建设日益引起重视,但目前乡村人居林缺乏科学的分类体系,存在其类型及模式提法混乱和概念模糊等问题,严重影响了乡村人居林的合理经营和管理。本文在对山东省乡村人居林建设现状进行大量调查和分析的基础上,结合当前农村环境建设的实际需要,运用层次分级法,构建了山东省乡村人居林建设类型及其模式的分类体系。该体系共分为2个等级,将人居林划分了7种类型和25种典型模式,同时分析归纳了其主要特点、建设技术及适用范围,为山东省乡村人居林的建设和发展提供了重要的借鉴和参考价值。     

Supercritical CO2 Extraction & Its Applications in the Study of Chinese Traditional Medicine

For the high-speed developing technology of supercritical CO2 extraction since recent thirty years, this paper summarizes its typical craft flows, and compared the advantages and disadvantages of those craft flows, which provides references for the similar studies. And then the authors discuss its major merits and the actuality of applications applied in the study of Chinese traditional medicine, and also discuss the key solving problems needed that Chinese traditional medicine walked into international medicine market in the future.     

成都市休闲农业模式的对比研究——基于直接主体和间接主体2种模式

成都市休闲农业作为农村经济的新增长点,呈现出蓬勃发展的势头,其发展模式对未来的发展路径和方向起着至关重要的作用。基于成都市休闲农业直接主体和间接主体2种模式对比分析,分别以郫县农科村和锦江区三圣花乡为典型,对其组织形式、经营形式、产品形式以及营销形式4个方面进行对比研究,分别分析2种模式各自的优劣势,并总结经验和启示：注重政府的角色定位;产品开发营造特色,增强竞争力;注重经营理念的创新及经营水平的提升。最后,提出成都市休闲农业可持续发展的建议。     

挤压蒸煮技术在膳食纤维改性中的应用及研究进展

挤压蒸煮技术是近年来发展较快的现代食品工程技术之一。膳食纤维经挤压蒸煮处理后,可提高膳食纤维的可溶性,改善其活性功能,在食品工业中有更广泛的应用前景。综述了挤压蒸煮技术应用于膳食纤维改性的意义、原理、特点、影响因素及应用,并对其存在问题、发展方向等作了简要论述。     

Analysis of embedded gas detection system based on nano-porphyrin arrays

In view of the necessity of gas detection in environment, an embedded gas detection system is designed based on the basic principles of chromatography change of chemical reaction between nano-porphyrin arrays and micro-gas, which takes ARM9 S3C2440A as the core and nano-porphyrin array as the sensors. The overall program, the circuit organization and control software of the main function module such as spectrum signal acquisition, processing and monitoring are presented. With energy conservation differential equation, the control model of temperature and flow rate in the sample chamber is established, which can precisely control the detection conditions of chemical sensors. Some typical trace gases such as ammonia, enanthaldehyde, cyclohexane and hexanal are tested by the system, and the results show that the system can achieve rapid and accurate detection of trace volatile gas.     

Development of Embedded ECG Monitor Based on Linux

Presently, ECG monitor encounters the trend of miniaturizing, intelligentizing and networking. Short distance and limited channels are shortcomings of the existed telemetric ECG (Electrocardiograph) monitoring system, while the existed remote monitoring system has the disadvantages of high cost and low Data Transfer Rate. Furthermore, neither of these two systems can implement real-time monitoring on the spot. So, an embedded ECG Monitor based on Linux, which successfully solves these problems, is introduced. With embedded system technique, this embedded monitor, which can not only realize real-time monitoring on the spot, but also analyse the ECG data, has the advantages of low cost, small volume, light weight, low power, high stability, powerful networking function and so on. And by communicating through Internet, which has the features of low cost, high data transfer rate and good expandability, it can also send ECG data to monitoring center in order to achieve long-term monitoring. The development of this monitor provides a new solution for medical instruments' implementation and networking, and is of certain reference value.     

基于复杂性测度的柑橘病虫害识别

为进行柑橘病虫害的机器识别,提出了柑橘病虫害为害状特征的复杂性测度表达与病虫害识别方法。首先,对柑橘病虫害为害状主要色调区间[0,120°]进行长度为1°的等分割,形成120个色调子区间;其次,统计各色调子区间像素分布密度,以此作为柑橘病虫害为害状复杂性测度的结构性序列;再次,依据此结构性序列计算病虫害为害状统计复杂性测度,并将其作为病虫害特征值;最后,将Shannon信息熵和统计复杂性测度作为输入变量建立3层前馈神经网络柑橘病虫害识别模型来识别柑橘病虫害。柑橘蓟马、褐圆蚧、柑橘树脂病、糠片蚧各30个测试标本最低正确识别率、最高正确识别率、平均正确识别率分别为93.3%、96.7%、95%。试验结果表明,柑橘病虫害为害状的复杂性测度较充分地表达了柑橘病虫害的典型特征,能用此方法进行柑橘病虫害识别。     

Design and Realization of Office Automatic Platform Based on Struts

Apache Struts is one of the most popular open source framework for Web applications and developments using MVC Model2 architectural pattern. Using the Information Technology to improve the efficiency of education service is emergent. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the design and realization of a platform system software based on Apache Struts framework. By briefly analyzing the extra requirement in higher education service, an architecture based on MVC design pattern is presented. Some core technologies used in the platform system software, such as Struts Tiles and Struts Menu etc, are proposed in details by the end. Because of its struts-based fundamental architecture and running mechanism, the platform system software made a certain performance advantage and largely reduced the developing period.     

中国麦棉两熟种植制度的研究

棉麦两熟种植制度主要分布在中国黄淮海棉区和长江中下游棉区。介绍了麦棉两熟种植制度的发展意义与历史,基本模式,主要技术和理论基础研究等,提出了进一步发展棉麦两熟制度需要克服植棉比较效益低和管理繁琐两个突出问题,十分迫切需要科技从简化管理、节本种植、机械化和轻简化等方向上进行创新和推进。     

农业固体废弃物肥料化技术模糊综合评价

为了对农业固体废弃物肥料化技术的效益和功能进行综合定量评价,通过对现有成熟且已工程化运用的肥料化技术进行分析和模糊评价,构建出了一套由“目标层—准则层—指标层”3个层次、27个单项评价指标构成的肥料化技术评价指标体系,应用层次分析法确定了各指标的权重,并在肥料化技术评价指标体系和评价方法研究的基础上,采用模糊综合评价方法对目前国内外常用的8种肥料化技术进行了评价。评价结果表明：条垛翻抛堆肥技术为华中地区典型的肥料化技术;槽式机械翻抛堆肥技术为东北地区典型的肥料化技术;静态通风堆肥技术为西南地区典型的肥料化技术。并以辽宁、北京2个典型肥料化项目对模型进行了验证,实际情况与结果相吻合,表明本文研究提出的评价指标体系和方法学具有适用性。     

中国现行农村土地制度调查分析

为进一步了解中国农村土地制度的运行状况,找出运行中存在的问题,为“三农问题”的解决提供可资借鉴的翔实资料,笔者对安徽、山东等5省进行了农村土地制度相关情况的调查研究。笔者通过问卷调查,获得了大量调研资料、数据和典型案例,利用已有的实证和研究成果,综合运用经济学、统计学的研究方法,对调研资料和既有成果进行归类、整理。在此基础上总结、归纳出了中国现行的农村土地制度在经营规模偏小、土地资源紧张与抛荒、经营效率低下并存、产权所有权主体不够清晰、使用权不够稳定、土地流转市场配套缓慢、运转不够规范等方面的主要问题。对农村土地调整频率与经济发展水平的相关分析,以及农业税取消前后不同收入水平的家庭与对农地耕作的态度的列联表分析表明,土地调整并不存在必然性,但其频率与经济发展水平显著相关;农业税取消前后,家庭收入水平与对承包土地的耕种方式均存在着显著的相关性,农业税取消后,农户家庭土地流转的意愿降低。     

全球重要农业文化遗产-青田县稻鱼共生系统保护与可持续发展之思考

浙江青田县龙现村稻鱼共生系统作为全球重要农业文化遗产,其保护和可持续发展的问题现已引起了社会的关注。在调查研究的基础上,分析了青田县龙现村稻鱼共生系统得以长期延续的历史渊源、自然环境条件和人文社会因素等原因。同时,指出了这种稻鱼共生模式在当今市场经济条件下面临的挑战与问题,如市场问题、产业化问题、旅游业发展导致的环境问题、农业文化消失问题等。最后提出了一系列对策措施,如加强全村生态规划,建立稻鱼共生自然保护区,打造稻鱼生产品牌,适度发展农业生态旅游,建立多方参与机制等措施。     

试论西藏农业资源状况与种植制度发展

为了进一步改革和完善西藏主要农区的种植制度现状,阐述了与西藏种植制度密切相关的光、热、水、土农业资源状况。通过分析全区不同时期种植指数,粮、经、饲作物结构,单产,总产,种植方式和轮作体制,以及拉萨、山南、日喀则等河谷农区的种植情况,概括和总结出目前西藏主要农区:(1)作物布局不尽合理;(2)多熟种植制的发展缓慢;(3)种植体制模式单一。并初步提出了今后西藏种植制度改革和发展方向:(1)改革和发展的突破口是合理规划农业大区的种植制度;(2)在适宜的农区有目的地发展多熟种植制是合理利用剩余农业资源的有效措施;(3)把草田轮作纳入种植体制中是农牧结合的突破口。     

4M-software package for modelling cropping systems

4M is an easy-to-handle software that has been designed for both educational and scientific purposes. Our main goal in developing 4M was to preserve the features of CERES in a user-friendly software that can be easily extended with additional modules. The package has several characteristics that make it more than a simple crop model. 4M offers optional routines for several processes of the described soil-plant-atmosphere system. The users can build different system models, according to specific purposes. 4M includes input data generators for estimating soil and weather input data that are difficult to measure. 4M is able to simulate crop rotations by using the final conditions of the system after crop harvest as initial conditions for the following crop.     

Developing Method Based on Object-oriented Modeling Techniques for Management Information System

A developing method is given which based on object-oriented modeling techniques for management information systems.The modeling techniques,especially,from CDM to PDM conversion,make it possible that the method can be used for developing such management information systems which based on relational database.The result shows that it can raise the efficency of the system developing,improve the system tability,enhance the system maintenability.     

果树生产标准化的制约因素分析

果树生产标准化是中国果树业的出路和希望,但由于在实际工作中对制约果树生产标准化的因素分析不全面、不明晰而严重影响其顺利进行。文章通过分析果树生产的特点,果树标准化主体（果农和龙头企业）的经营意识、经营模式以及社会环境（如标准体系、监督检测体系、服务体系等）各种现实情况对果树生产标准化的影响,综合分析了果树生产标准化的重点、难点所在。同时通过对制约因素的分析,揭示出果树生产标准化是一项复杂的系统工程,需要各方面用标准化的思路去具体分析和解决工作中的问题,共同努力,协调配合,保证果树生产标准化的健康发展。     

苏州典型生态农业模式的研究

简述了苏州市农业生态环境现状,并分析了该市实施的“蒋巷模式”、“洞庭山模式”、“农林大世界模式”3种典型生态农业建设模式特点与效益。根据苏州的资源特点,在城乡结合部适宜发展农业公园;在农村适宜发展生态种养园;在特色农产品生产区适宜发展特色生态农产品。标准化、企业化、品牌化是建设苏州生态农业的必然选择。     

麦田灰飞虱种群空间分布型及抽样技术探讨

灰飞虱不仅直接为害水稻、大小麦,还是水稻条纹叶枯病、黑条矮缩病的主要媒介。了解灰飞虱在越冬作物大小麦田的分布特证和合适的抽样技术,可以为春季防治灰飞虱从而控制水稻病毒病的发生流行发挥重要作用。为此笔者进行了麦田灰飞虱种群分布调查,并采用扩散型指标法和Iwao回归法测定了浙江北部大小麦田灰飞虱的空间分布型。结果表明：麦田灰飞虱成虫、若虫和成若虫田间分布趋于聚集分布,其聚集原因主要是由灰飞虱生物学特性和环境因素引起的。根据空间分布型的参数,建立了理论抽样数模型为n1=1172.84/ —X +37.46,n2=293.21/ —X +9.36,n3=130.3/ —X +4.16,适用于不同虫口密度下的田间抽样。在每样方虫口密度5、10和15头以上时,分别取样70、40和20个样方。研究结果为准确抽样调查和防治提供了科学依据     

珙桐的群落特征及种群生态学研究进展

为了解国家一级保护植物珙桐(Davidia involucrata Baill)的生境现状,采用综合分析法对珙桐群落特征和种群生态学进行研究。结果发现：（1）珙桐群落的植物种类丰富,植物区系组成以东亚分布最多,其次是北温带,珙桐群落区系的温带成分所占比例大于热带成分,其种类组成具有亚热带向温带过渡的特征;（2）群落垂直结构可分为乔木层、灌木层、草本层和层间植物。乔木层及灌木层不发达,草本层较发达。群落根据Raunkiaer生活型谱划分以高位芽植物占优势,与其他亚热带常绿落叶林生活型谱各项比率相近似;（3）种群年龄结构及空间分布格局显示,珙桐群落未达到一个稳定状态,整个种群呈集群分布;（4）珙桐自然更新能力差,种子萌发率低,实生苗少,主要以萌芽更新为主。中国珙桐群落处于一个不稳定的濒危状态。