Square Design of Mountain Cities: A Case Study of Shiyan Broadcasting Media Center Square

City squares are an important part of urban public spaces and play an important role in improving the quality of urban landscapes. For mountain cities, city squares with mountainous characteristics formed by its special geographical environment, which have more identifiability and uniqueness than that in plain cities, have greater influence on the promotion of city image. Their unique regional cultural characteristics and local customs and practices have shaped the totally different temperament of mountain cities. Based on the dialectical relationship between the square, the landscape and the culture, this paper took Shiyan Broadcasting Media Center Square for example to explore the ideas of landscape design in mountain cities.     

Tactics and Ways for Renovation of Old Mountain Cities and Towns

The renovation of old mountain cities and towns is a main point in city construction nowadays. In this paper, the characters of economic and real estate development are analyzed to find out proper ways and new principles for renovation from two aspects as city planning and street space renewal to solve the new problems in our present work.     

CONSTRUCTION OF OLD MOUNTAIN CITIES

During the citified course at present for construction of old mountain cities is very important. This paper has analyzed the following problems: the contradiction for construction of cities, style of mountain cities, reconstruction of city construction and reflecting the features of our age from cities.     

Simple Analysis of the Thermal Environment in Chongqing

There are a series of city environmental problems especially in the mountain city along with the city fast development. In recent decade, many scholars have studied the urban heat island, the urban temperature, the urban wind field, the precipitation and the urban visibility etc. But the urban thermal environment has not been settled radically. All the measures have not been used in the practice. And the researches in thermal environment of the mountain cities are very few. So the authors consider Chongqing as the researching object. Chongqing is one of the typical mountain cities in the semi-tropical. Sequentially we find out the characteristic of the thermal environment in the mountain city. Further the authors seek for the measures to plan and build ecological city. They conclude that CFD can be used in the simulation of urban environment, and use the result of simulation in urban planning is possible. The thermal environment in the center of Chongqing needs to be improved.     

城市绿地系统社会服务功能及其评价研究综述

城市绿地系统社会服务功能所具有的重要价值已在世界范围内引起了人们的普遍关注,有关城市绿地系统社会服务功能及其评价的研究也取得了较大的进展。但通过文献综述发现,这些研究对城市绿地系统社会服务功能与城市绿地的规划、建设、保护和管理之间的相互关系探究极少且深度不够,使得这些研究的实践意义不大。而在有关城市绿地系统社会服务功能评价的研究上,也存在着诸如评价指标少且未形成体系、研究范围较窄、研究的深度和广度不够等不足,以致不能真实、综合地反映出城市绿地系统多元的社会服务功能。为此,为了全面、客观地反映出城市绿地系统社会服务功能所具有的价值,应坚持综合性、层次性、独立性,可操作性、易获得性等原则,并构建定性与定量相结合的指标体系。     

The Research on the Capacity Mechanism of City Space Expanding and Its Ecological Model

In the period of the city space expanding with the high speed, the theories system used to explain the city space is not perfect in our country. It is lack to expand this mechanism, among them research ecosystem' s main factors to particularly should be enhanced, especially the ecological factor. With rational analysis, the paper puts forward the viewpoint that the urban space is in ecological changing period, and considers that the power affecting the urban space expand involves motivity and resistance. Building the corresponding ecological model helps to cognize the city development roundly with ecological model constructed. A few possible ways is put forward which can be used in planning innovation, and have vivid leading function to the frondose city planning method.     

Paragenesis of Mountainous Area Construction and Walk Space

The mountainous area construction in city and the traffic way of walk is unified into the common organism through the reasonable way. This arcticle elaborates this unique space culture of the mountainous area city emphatically, and summarized six sorts of paragenesis, and provides the basis for the walk space design of mountainous area.     

Spatial Structure Adjustment Strategies of the Coal Resource-Based Cities during the Mature Period: A Case Study of Pingdingshan

Coal cities are the main part of the resource-based cities in China, and the benign development of coal cities' spatial structure has a direct impact on these cities' future economic and social development, as well as the urban residents' welfare. Land use fragmentation is the most typical morphological characteristic of the coal city's spatial structure development. In this paper, Pingdingshan City of Henan Province in China is taken as an example. Through empirical analysis, the urban spatial structure development processes of a typical coal resource-based city in its mature period are illustrated, and the formation reasons and potential mechanism behind coal city land use fragmentation are explored, and the measurement method of land use fragmentation degree of the coal city is put forward. On the above basis, the appropriate adjustment strategies and methods aimed at the coal city spatial structure are found out and given. This study is a good guideline and reference for the spatial structure planning and land use planning of the coal city during the mature and declining period, which is of great help to the sustainable development and industrial structure transformation of the coal city. It also has certain reference significance for the coal city in the growth period.     

Seasonal Characteristics of Thermal Environment in Urban Public Space of the Urban in Hot-summer and Cold-winter Region

Thermal environment in urban public space is considered as an important factor affecting thermal comfort of human beings. In the whole year, thermal environment in public space of the city in hot-summer and cold-winter zone changes dramatically, which has an effect on human thermal comfort. In this study, three typical public spaces including street, park and square of Changsha were selected for a long-term experiment of thermal environment. Based on the analysis of four significant thermal environment parameters-air temperature, relative humidity, global temperature and wind speed, seasonal characteristics of thermal environment in urban public space were obtained. The results show that the characteristics of urban thermal environment are determined by natural climate, while the physical structure of a city has essential impact on the changes of local outdoor thermal environment. Affected by plants (trees) and water (Xiangjiang river) air temperature of the street along the street is much lower, relative humidity is higher and solar radiation is weaker in most of the year. Compared to the street along the river, air temperature of the square is higher and solar radiation is stronger.     

Analysis on Landscape Levels of Mountain Space

People have the demands to know their environment and orientation in their social relations and the urban landscape must content them with such demands. In this paper, the space feature and landscape levels of the mountain are analyzed. From the natural landscape and humanistic landscape aspects, in this paper, the diversification, place and environment of landscape levels in mountain space is inquired into and the essentials of the control on landscape in mountain cities are pointed out.     

Urban growth and the transformation of rural China: the case of Southern Manchuria

Since the economic reforms launched at the end of the 1970s, China has experienced dramatic socioeconomic change which has led to the emergence of new and distinctive regions of economic interaction characterised by an extensive and intensive mix of agricultural and non-agricultural activities. This paper illustrates the nature and characteristics of these evolving Extended Metropolitan Regions (EMRs) by drawing on the experience of the Shenyang-Dalian urban corridor in Northeast China (Manchuria). The increased level of economic interaction between the cities and the countryside is characterised by accelerated labour and capital flows, rapidly expanding rural-urban commodity trade and subcontracting between urban and rural enterprises. The result is a rapid erosion of differences in the standard of living, economic function and life style between the city and the countryside.     

城市公园的使用功能研究——以石家庄市长安公园、水上公园为例

城市公园是城市中环境最优美的游憩空间,具有满足人们多种休闲活动得需要。从市民对城市公园使用的角度,对石家庄市城市公园的使用功能进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,要充分发挥城市公园的使用功能必须增加城市公园的文化内涵,丰富活动内容;营造多种活动空间,同时强调公园的功能分区;完善城市公园环境设施,加强城市公园的安全性建设。     

湖南省主要城市园林绿地土壤养分评价

为了对湖南省主要城市园林绿地的土壤养分进行评价,笔者根据湖南省主要城市地形,对6个丘陵城市（湘潭,株洲,衡阳,郴州,娄底,邵阳）、4个山地城市（怀化,吉首,张家界,永州）和4个平原城市（常德,益阳,岳阳,长沙）园林绿地土壤进行采样,每个城市又按公园绿地、行政事业单位（包括学校、医院、政府机关）、住宅区和主干道分别取样。结果表明：（1）湖南省主要城市园林绿地土壤pH较高,均值为7.9,土壤有机质(SOM)较低(6.8 g/kg),铵态氮(NH₄⁺-N)、硝态氮(NO₃^--N)处于较低水平,速效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)、速效钙(ACa)、速效镁(AMg)处于较高水平,速效硫(AS)、速效铁(AFe)、速效铜(ACu)、速效锰(AMn)、速效锌(AZn)和速效硼(AB)的含量适中;（2）土地利用方式对平原城市土壤养分含量影响显著,住宅区绿地土壤pH显著高于事业单位、公园和主干道,公园绿地的AS、ACu、AZn和AMn显著低于其他3种土地利用方式;（3）不同地形城市土壤养分含量存在显著差异,丘陵城市和山地城市的pH显著高于平原城市,山地城市的SOM、AK、AMg、NH₄⁺-N、ACu、ACa和AMn显著低于丘陵城市和平原城市,丘陵城市的AP和AB显著高于山地城市和平原城市,平原城市的AS和AFe显著高于丘陵城市和山地城市。研究结果对于构建湖南省主要城市园林绿化体系具有理论和实践意义。     

中国城市市花市树研究

市花市树往往是一个城市的象征，反映城市市民的文化传统、审美观和价值观。调查了当前全国各省地级市及直辖市市花市树评选情况，分析了所选用市花市树的种类状况和特征及不足，发现292个城市中有167个城市评选了市树，209个城市确定了市花；所选的植物种的重复率较高，平均3个城市选用的市花或市树雷同，市花市树分布48个科，76个属，106种；市民对市花市树的认知不够，对市花市树的宣传不足，多数城市的市花市树缺少植物学名，主要以俗称为主等情况。剖析了目前这种状况的背景与原因．并为如何充分开发市花市树提出了建议。     

屯溪区应急避难绿地规划设计的研究

摘 要：在城市各类防灾系统中,应急避难绿地是一种既能为城市提供自然空间又有助于防灾救援的有效手段。通过对应急避难绿地的概念及其建设条件等内容的分析,结合黄山市屯溪区规划布局特点、灾害类型以及城区防灾避难工作现状调查,提出建立屯溪区绿地避难场所的必要性和规划设计建议。     

The geography of the wages: Chinese cities 1989 and 1997

Improving national average income and reducing regional income inequality often serve as dual goals of economic development in a country. After over twenty years of economic reforms, China has been fairly successful in achieving the first goal, but failed in the second. This paper uses recent data with a sharper resolution to examine the variation of average wages across Chinese cities 1989–1997. Widening wage inequalities across cities are observed during the period. This research also seeks to explain the variation of wages between cities by factors such as agglomeration (density and city size), location advantages (distances from central cities and from the coastline), educational attainment, industrial structure and administrative hierarchy. Many of the factors are found to be important in explaining wage differences in Western countries but are yet to be tested in China. Some factors such as distance from the coast, industrial structure and administrative hierarchy are considered because of China’s unique social and economic systems.     

The Urban Geological Disaster Prevention of Mining Mountainous cities

The geological disasters take place very often in mining mountainous cities because of their special landform and physiognomy.These disasters not only are dangerous to people's life and safety,but also disturb the fast and steady development of the city.So it is important to prevent the geological disaster effectively.This paper try to make plan of urban geological disaster prevention for the mining mountainous cities with taking the case of the urban planning of Wangsheng city as an example.     

Images of Green Landscapes in Huadu District,Guangzhou City

Urban landscape, as an important part of the overall landscape or the overall image of the city, is of great significance in highlighting city features, building green cities, and improving city image, so image of green spaces has become one of the key construction objectives for many cities. Taking Huadu District in Guangzhou City for example, urban green landscape pattern was analyzed from the level of region and district, according to the landscape ecology. The results showed that local green landscapes had many problems such as unreasonable structure, high fragmentation, unbalanced distribution of green space types, poor corridor networks etc.. In view of these problems, countermeasures for improving green landscape images in Huadu District were proposed.     

Study on Landscape Planning of Mourtcainous City

:In accordance with the problems, occurred in the mountainous city's construction, especially the crises such as the destruction of ecological and humanistic environment, the loss of traditional culture and characteristics and the disorder of urban structure, this paper discusses the distinctive landscape characteristic of mountainous city thoroughly.     

Social and Psychological Benefit of Urban Green Space

Recent rapid urbanization has broad impact on the contemporary urban environment. Preserving the natural environment has become the central issues in the world. The main concern of this paper is to address the importance of social function of green space. Some results of a survey conducted among visitors of urban parks in Mianyang city in Sichuan Province are presented and discussed. The results confirm that open space experiences have a positives influence on psychological and mental health. Urban green space verifies beliefs about stress-reduction benefits and mental health, and advances social intercommunication. Finally, the monetary evaluation methods of urban green space, such as contingent valuation method, hedonic pricing method, travel cost method, are discussed.