共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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目前,我国正遭受多种外来有害生物的入侵,给我国的农业生产以及生态环境造成了严重影响。其中检疫性植物病毒危害大、隐蔽性强,是重要的外来生物。掌握病毒致病的相关机制是有效防控入侵病毒病害的基础。微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)以及病毒小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA,siRNA)是植物体内重要的非编码小RNA,在病毒致病过程中扮演着重要角色。病毒在侵染过程中,可以利用植物抗病毒免疫反应产生的siRNA进行致病,同时可以直接或间接干扰miRNA的代谢途径,导致相关症状的产生。本文根据植物小RNA的近期研究进展,对miRNA和病毒siRNA的产生途径、生物学特性以及作用分子机制进行了综述,并对其在病毒侵染过程中的作用进行了探讨,初步从小RNA的角度阐述了植物病毒的致病机制,以期为检疫性病毒病害的防控提供理论基础。 相似文献
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郴州市农业外来入侵物种分布与防控对策研究初报 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分析了农业外来入侵生物在郴州地区的种类、分布及危害情况。已查明入侵生物共20种,其中陆生植物14种、水生植物4种、微生物和水生无脊椎动物各1种,有的物种已对本地农业生产、生态系统造成严重危害。作者从防控机制、准入机制、严格检疫、加强协调和宣传等5个方面提出了防控对策。 相似文献
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预防与监控外来入侵物种是保障国家粮食安全、生物安全和生态安全的重要环节。我国是受外来入侵物种侵害最严重的国家之一。近10年来, 我国以重大农业外来入侵物种为对象, 围绕“治早、治小、治了、治好”和“风险防范、关口前移、源头治理”的防控目标, 解析了10余种重大农业入侵生物入侵机制, 揭示了多种入侵病原物与宿主媒介的互作关系, 完成了120余种入侵物种精准甄别和智能监测预警技术, 构建了含130多种入侵物种的基因组数据库, 建立了20余种重要入侵物种的扩散阻截技术以及应急处置技术体系。10年间, 我国在防范和应对外来入侵物种侵害、保障农林牧渔业可持续发展、保护生物多样性方面的法规和制度保障日趋完善, 外来物种入侵防控管理水平、应对外来入侵物种防控需求的科技支撑能力以及在生物入侵领域的国际影响力显著提升。 相似文献
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分析中国南方喀斯特地区外来入侵植物的地理分布格局并预测其潜在分布区,对区域尺度上外来入侵植物的防控和管理具有重要意义。本研究基于中国南方喀斯特地区记录的327种外来入侵植物的精准地理分布数据,使用物种丰富度算法分析了该地区外来入侵植物的地理分布格局,并评估了其对本地植物多样性保护的影响,然后采用MaxEnt模型预测了外来入侵植物在中国南方喀斯特地区的潜在分布区及其变化趋势。结果表明:(1)中国南方喀斯特地区外来入侵植物的入侵风险区主要分布在北部、西南部和东南部,尤其以广西省的西部和东北部最为严重;(2)在入侵风险区中,有53.15%的区域也是本地植物的保护优先区,主要分布在喀斯特地区的南部;(3)中国南方喀斯特地区的西南部与交通要道沿线是外来入侵植物的重要潜在分布区,未来面临较高入侵风险。中国南方喀斯特地区的南部是外来入侵植物的重点防控和监测的优先管理区域,未来还是外来入侵植物的高适宜潜在分布区,需及时采取措施对入侵风险区的外来入侵植物进行防治以防止其进一步扩散。 相似文献
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贵州省地形地貌复杂多样,物种生境异质性高且生态系统脆弱更易受到外来物种入侵威胁。本研究通过土地利用类型和人类干扰程度及变化探讨入侵植物生境现状。结果表明:2017—2019年,物种生境中人类干扰程度呈明显下降的区域面积最小,而该区域入侵植物分布点数最多;贵州省入侵植物生境类型中,城镇工业用地和重度干扰区域分布的外来入侵植物分布点最多,人类干扰加剧了入侵植物的分布。在外来入侵植物的有效防治方面,还应统筹考虑其地理分布格局、入侵生境和人为干扰等因素,做到针对外来入侵植物入侵相对集中、入侵危害相对突出的地区,开展更为有效的针对性防控,这将大大提升外来入侵植物的防控效率。 相似文献
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简要介绍了辽宁省中朝边境地区农业植物疫情发生种类、危害损失和防控现状,分析该地区植物疫情传入发生形势,针对性提出辽宁省中朝边境地区外来入侵农业植物疫情阻截建议,旨在提升中朝边境地区植物检疫公共管理和阻截能力。 相似文献
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玉米Zea mays作为一种重要的粮食和饲料作物,在生产中受到多种有害生物的严重危害,尤其是外来有害生物,我国高度关注其外来物种入侵防控工作。该文在概述玉米外来有害生物及其全球扩散途径的基础上,对近10年来我国玉米外来物种入侵防控技术的主要研究与应用进展进行分析,涉及风险分析、疫情监测、检测诊断、检疫处理及田间治理技术,并提出加强植物生物安全专业教育与公众教育、科学研究与理论创新、技术研发与推广应用、法规建设与监管服务、国际合作与共同发展的措施建议。 相似文献
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Virus-like particles (VLPs) represent a biodegradable, biocompatible nanomaterial made from viral coat proteins that can improve the delivery of antigens, drugs, nucleic acids, and other substances, with most applications in human and veterinary medicine. Regarding agricultural viruses, many insect and plant virus coat proteins have been shown to assemble into VLPs accurately. In addition, some plant virus-based VLPs have been used in medical studies. However, to our knowledge, the potential application of plant/insect virus-based VLPs in agriculture remains largely underexplored. This review focuses on why and how to engineer coat proteins of plant/insect viruses as functionalized VLPs, and how to exploit VLPs in agricultural pest control. The first part of the review describes four different engineering strategies for loading cargo at the inner or the outer surface of VLPs depending on the type of cargo and purpose. Second, the literature on plant and insect viruses the coat proteins of which have been confirmed to self-assemble into VLPs is reviewed. These VLPs are good candidates for developing VLP-based agricultural pest control strategies. Lastly, the concepts of plant/insect virus-based VLPs for delivering insecticidal and antiviral components (e.g., double-stranded RNA, peptides, and chemicals) are discussed, which provides future prospects of VLP application in agricultural pest control. In addition, some concerns are raised about VLP production on a large scale and the short-term resistance of hosts to VLP uptake. Overall, this review is expected to stimulate interest and research exploring plant/insect virus-based VLP applications in agricultural pest management. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. 相似文献
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江西农业外来有害生物及其防治 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在江西发生面积较大,危害较严重的农业外来入侵生物主要有水花生、水葫芦、豚草、加拿大一枝黄花、福寿螺等。它们的危害不仅造成农业减产和破坏生态,还可传播病害。对外来有害生物的防治,应采取农业防治、生物防治和化学防治相结合综合防治措施。 相似文献
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中国西北干旱荒漠区盐生植物资源与开发利用 总被引:14,自引:4,他引:14
盐生植物是指在3.3bar渗透压盐水的生境中生长并完成其生活史的植物,在我国西北干旱荒漠区中有12%的植物为盐生植物,共有208种,分属于31科、90属,占我国盐生植物总数的49%,具有丰富的盐生植物多样性。这些盐生植物不仅为农业生产提供了丰富的抗盐种质资源,为培育抗盐、耐盐的转基因作物品种提供基因库,而且在这些盐生植物中含有丰富的药用、食用、工艺以及绿化和固沙植物资源。在不能耕种的盐渍土上直接引种具有经济价值的盐生植物,可获得经济效益,以充分地利用西北干旱荒漠区大面积的土地资源,因此开发和利用盐生植物资源具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Min-Rui Wang Wen-Lu Bi Jean Carlos Bettoni Dong Zhang Gayle M. Volk Qiao-Chun Wang 《Plant pathology》2022,71(6):1241-1254
Diseases caused by plant pathogens such as viruses, viroids and phytoplasmas cause huge economic losses of agricultural production and limit the safe movement of plant materials across borders. The use of pathogen-free planting materials provides a strategy for efficient management of these diseases and facilitates the global exchange of genetic resources. Shoot tip cryotherapy is a novel biotechnology method that uses cryogenic procedures to eradicate plant pathogens from the diseased plants. Combining thermotherapy or chemotherapy with shoot tip cryotherapy has further enhanced pathogen eradication efficiency. This review provides updated and comprehensive information on shoot tip cryotherapy and the combination of thermotherapy or chemotherapy with shoot tip cryotherapy for pathogen eradication. Prospects are proposed for future studies. 相似文献
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Soilborne viruses: advances in virus movement,virus induced gene silencing,and engineered resistance
《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2003,62(2):55-63
Until recently soilborne plant viruses were considered important only because they are causative agents for agricultural diseases. In recent years, soilborne plant viruses have played a significant role in advancing research into mechanisms of plasmodesmata transport, gene silencing, and engineered resistance to plant pathogens. Three different mechanisms by which viruses move through plasmodesmata have been identified using dianthoviruses, nepoviruses, and benyviruses. The infectious clone of the tobravirus Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) has become an important tool for studying virus induced gene silencing and may be a tool to silence meristematic gene expression. Investigations of soilborne viruses may enable the development of new strategies for control of soilborne diseases. The potential use of pathogen-derived resistance to control soilborne viruses is currently being explored in several laboratories. 相似文献
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International trade is one of the main ways by which a species can expand its geographical range. Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, the worldwide distribution of many pests has increased through the international circulation of crop seeds and seedlings. In this review, viruses and viroids that have invaded Japan since 2000 are described in order of their prevalence. Measures to prevent invasion by such viruses and viroids and protect agricultural production in Japan from alien pests are discussed. 相似文献
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H. M. Alexander K. E. Mauck A. E. Whitfield K. A. Garrett C. M. Malmstrom 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,138(3):529-547
As a result of human activities, an ever-increasing portion of Earth’s natural landscapes now lie adjacent to agricultural lands. This border between wild and agricultural communities represents an agro-ecological interface, which may be populated with crop plants, weeds of crop systems, and non-crop plants that vary from exotic to native in origin. Plant viruses are important components of the agro-ecological interface because of their ubiquity, dispersal by arthropod vectors, and ability to colonize both crop and wild species. Here we provide an overview of research on plant-virus dynamics across this interface and suggest three research priorities: (1) an increased effort to identify and describe plant virus diversity and distribution in its entirety across agricultural and ecological boundaries; (2) multi-scale studies of virus transmission to develop predictive power in estimating virus propagation across landscapes; and (3) quantitative evaluation of the influence of viruses on plant fitness and populations in environmental contexts beyond crop fields. We close by emphasizing that agro-ecological interfaces are dynamic, influenced by the human-mediated redistribution of plants, vectors, and viruses around the world, climate change, and the development of new crops. Consideration of virus interactions within these environmentally complex systems promises new insight into virus, plant, and vector dynamics from molecular mechanisms to ecological consequences. 相似文献
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我国是遭受外来入侵生物危害最严重的国家之一?目前国内对外来入侵植物的鉴定主要依靠调查人员的经验和专家的人工识别, 存在费时费力和主观性强的问题?针对上述问题, 本文在Android环境下开发了一个实时便捷的外来入侵植物智能识别系统, 由移动客户端APP?云服务器和基于深度学习的外来入侵植物识别模型组成?调查者可以通过手机客户端APP拍摄植物图像, 上传至云服务器, 识别模型会自动识别图像上的植物, 识别结果和防治信息在1~2 s内反馈至用户客户端, 还可以远程请求专家鉴定?该系统对35科135种入侵植物的平均识别率达到85.3%?基于Android的外来入侵植物智能识别系统实现了中国常见入侵植物信息查询?自动识别?入侵植物采集点地图显示和专家远程鉴定等功能, 为野外调查人员提供了一个便捷准确的外来入侵植物自动识别和调查工具? 相似文献
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"绿色"农产品已经成为当今人类的主要关注点,而"绿色"的关键在于植物保护的思想、技术和策略。本文总结了农业生产模式的4个阶段:原始农业、传统农业、化学农业和物理农业,论述了农业生产模式及其与植物保护思想发展的关系,详细阐述了这4种农业生产模式下植物保护思想的产生、发展和变化的过程。同时,重新排序了IPM植保工程的5项措施:植物检疫、农业防治、物理防治、生物防治和化学防治。强调针对不同作物,制定标准化的IPM工程操作体系,以确保农产品的绿色品质。 相似文献