柑桔脚腐病病原菌的分离与鉴定

脚腐病是柑桔树的重要病害之一。四川部分地区的调查表明,发病率轻者为10%—20%,重者达80%以上。该病不仅削弱树势,降低产量,而且会造成植株大量死亡。对其病原菌,国内外学者看法不一。左华清等(1985)认为是以镰刀菌为主,鲁显道(1984)、游标等(1987)认为是疫霉菌。1986—1989年,作者对该病原菌作了系统研究,现将部分结果简报如下。     

人参褐腐病病原菌的鉴定

吉林省是我国人参重要的生产基地,人参根部病害直接影响人参的产量和商品价值。从1985年以来,开展了人参病害调查研究工作。作者在抚松、浑江、辉南和桦甸地区的人参上发现一种与已记载人参根病症状不同的病害,该病害造成人参根呈褐色软腐,田间主要为害5—6年生的参根,一般发病率为3％～5％,严重田块发病率可达10％以上。为此,对这个病害的病原菌进行了研究。     

欧李褐腐病病原菌鉴定

欧李[ Cerasus humilis( Bge.) Sok.]为蔷薇科樱桃属果树,别名钙果,原产中国,分布于我国的黑龙江、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山东、山西等省区.多生长在向阳山坡或沙丘边缘,资源相当丰富.欧李株高0.3～1.5m,多为0.5～0.7m左右,是目前世界上最矮小的木本果树.果实可鲜食或加工,含糖、蛋白质、维生素C,特别是矿质元素铁和钙的含量很高,每100果肉干分别含有58和360 mg种仁可作药用,中药称之为"郁李仁"可消毒化肿.     

稻米细菌性条斑点病病原菌鉴定

 从天津市水稻种植区的稻米病粒上分离和纯化,获得3种病原细菌,其中灰白色渐变浅黄色菌出现频率最高,占菌落的96.3%,为优势菌,另外2种分别占菌落的8.4%和1.9%;经过敏性反应、革兰氏染色、菌落形态、培养特性和生理生化反应等细菌学鉴定,伤口和喷雾接种致病性测定,前1种病粒率最高分别为62.4%和9.1%;后2种病粒率为0.8%和未发病。确定具有致病作用的病原细菌的优势菌为草生欧文氏菌[Pantoea agglomerans (E.herb icola (Lohnis) Dye)],其它为荧光假单孢菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)和恶臭假单孢菌(Pseudomonas putida)。     

云南甘蔗白条病的多基因联合鉴定

甘蔗白条病是由白条黄单胞菌Xanthomonas albilineans(Ashby) Dowson引起的甘蔗重要病害。2017年在云南保山、孟定和金平蔗区的甘蔗上发现疑似白条病的病害。从病株蔗茎中分离得到圆形,凸面,光滑,有光泽,黄色的细菌菌落。经柯赫氏法则验证,分离得到的细菌为该病害的病原菌。使用16S rRNA基因、gyrB基因和rpoD基因对分离得到的病原菌进行了分子鉴定,BLAST和系统发育分析表明本研究所获得的病原菌的3个基因的核苷酸序列与白条黄单胞菌GPE PC73菌株(GenBank登录号:FP565176)对应基因的核苷酸序列一致性均为100%,在系统发育树中处于同一分支。根据田间症状诊断、柯赫氏法则验证及分子鉴定结果,确认云南保山、孟定和金平发生的甘蔗病害为X.albilineans引起的甘蔗白条病。     

番石榴干枯病病原菌鉴定

 近10年来,广州郊区的番石榴发生一种病害,主要危害树干,造成全株枯死,未发现为害果实。     

云南甘蔗褐条病病原菌鉴定

<正>褐条病是甘蔗生长中后期叶部主要真菌病害之一。近年来因多雨高湿及感病品种大面积种植导致褐条病在我国第二大糖料基地云南暴发为害成灾,减产减糖严重[1],严重制约云南蔗糖产业的高质量发展。以病原菌研究为基础的种植和选育抗病品种是防治这种病害最经济有效的措施。有关云南蔗区褐条病病原菌研究甚少,有效防控依据缺乏。本研究从云南不同蔗区采集褐条病病样进行分离与鉴定,旨在明确病原菌种类,以期为甘蔗褐条病的流行预测及综合防治提供科学依据。     

黄皮梢腐病病原菌鉴定

 黄皮[Clausena lansium(Lour.)Skeels]是一种风味独特的亚热带水果,为我国特产。     

玉米疯顶病病原菌鉴定

 玉米疯顶病是近年来我国北方玉米产区出现的一种新病害,河北省尚未见报道。发病株增生、畸形,变态雄穗、苞叶和叶片内存在大量卵孢子。     

贵州省余庆县茶褐枯病病原菌的鉴定

为鉴定引起茶褐枯病的病原菌,本研究对病原菌进行分离、纯化和培养,通过柯赫氏法则验证菌株的致病性,并观察病原菌的形态特征,依据病原菌rDNA-ITS、ACT、CAL和TUB2基因进行多基因系统发育分析。结果显示:病原菌分生孢子呈淡蓝色,表面光滑,无隔膜,圆柱状,两端钝或向底部变窄,水滴状斑点,大小为(11.7~29.5)μm×(3.9~7.7)μm,平均为(19.4±4.4)μm×(5.4±0.8)μm,分生孢子梗形成于气生菌丝上,透明,具有隔膜;附着胞为棒状等不规则形状,颜色呈棕色到深棕色,单生。基于病原菌形态学鉴定和多基因系统发育分析结果,将病原菌确定为山茶刺盘孢Colletotrichum camelliae。     

Characterization,phylogenetic analyses and pathogenicity of Bipolaris setariae associated with brown stripe disease on sugarcane in Yunnan,China

Brown stripe disease is a severe foliar fungal disease of sugarcane worldwide and is widespread in all sugarcane planting areas in China. Brown stripe is a major disease that seriously affects the output and quality of the sugarcane industry in Yunnan Province, China's second-largest sugar base, while the pathogen of this disease remains not yet fully understood. To address this, we isolated and identified the fungi associated with 68 leaf samples showing typical symptoms of brown stripe from 22 sugarcane varieties in different areas of Yunnan Province. A total of 113 isolates were obtained, which were morphologically similar. Of these, 64 representative isolates were sequenced for the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), GAPDH and EF-1α loci. All representative isolates grouped with the type strain of Bipolaris setariae in the phylogenetic trees inferred with individual and concatenated sequences of ITS, GAPDH and EF1-α. Pathogenicity test results showed that B. setariae strains were able to induce typical symptoms of brown stripe. The results obtained in this study clarify that only B. setariae is associated with sugarcane brown stripe in Yunnan, China. It is recorded here for the first time as a pathogen causing sugarcane brown stripe in Yunnan, and it is able to infect many major cultivars and new varieties, posing a new threat to the sugar industry in Yunnan Province. In addition, these results provide the scientific basis for the future breeding of disease-resistant varieties and effective prevention and control of sugarcane brown stripe disease.     

甘蔗新品种及主栽品种对褐条病的抗性评价

褐条病是为害甘蔗叶部的重要真菌病害,严重发病田块,一眼望去似“火烧状”,一般减产18％ ～35％,蔗糖分降低15％ ～30％[1].该病于1924年在古巴首次发现[2],至今已有20多个国家报道发生此病,常造成不同程度经济损失[3].在中国,尤其近年,感病品种加上多雨高湿导致褐条病在云南及广西等主产蔗区大面积暴发流行,...     

福建省柑橘褐斑病菌的分离、鉴定和系统进化分析

为明确在福建省南平市的橘柚和三明市的温州蜜橘上发现的疑似柑橘褐斑病的病原菌种类,采用组织分离法获得纯化菌株,通过回接法验证菌株的致病性,利用形态学特征对病原菌进行初步鉴定,并采用最大似然法以多聚半乳糖醛酸酶基因endoPG为靶标对本研究以及国内外已报道的链格孢菌株构建系统发育树,分析其遗传多样性。结果表明,从病组织中共分离获得26株纯培养菌株,经形态学鉴定均为链格孢菌Alternaria spp.。利用分生孢子液接种橘柚离体嫩叶发现,有22株菌株能侵染橘柚叶片并产生与田间相似的褐斑病症状,确认该病害为链格孢引起的柑橘褐斑病。系统发育树分析结果显示,分离所得的26株菌株均聚在已报道的4个柑橘链格孢进化分支Clade1～Clade4中,其中21株菌株聚在国内特有的分支Clade4中,有3株菌株和1株菌株分别聚在国内外兼有的分支Clade3和Clade1中,1株菌株聚在国外特有的分支Clade2中,表明在福建省采集的这些柑橘褐斑病菌均为链格孢菌,且遗传多样性较丰富。     

广西南宁甘蔗赤条病调查及分子检测

2020年在广西南宁市金光农场发现'桂糖58'和'柳城05-136'疑似感染甘蔗赤条病,为明确其病原,本研究对不同甘蔗品种进行了发病率调查,并采集病样进行了PCR检测分析.田间调查结果表明:不同品种自然发病率不同,'桂糖58'发病率为29％～52.33％,发病严重田块平均发病率为49.67％,发病中等田块平均发病率为3...     

云南蔗区发现由植原体引起的检疫性病害甘蔗白叶病

By used of nested-PCR, the 16S rDNA sequence of phytoplasma associated with sugarcane white leaf (SCWL) in 48 suspected SCWL samples from Baoshan and Lincang of Yunnan were amplified with two primer pairs MLOX/ MLOY and P1/P2. The sequencing showed that the fragment size of 17 Baoshan suspected SCWL samples were all 210 bp and their sequences were all identical (GenBank: KC662509); the fragment size of 10 Lincang suspected SCWL samples were all 202 bp and their sequences were all identical (GenBank: KF431837). The Blast result indicated that the sequences obtained in this study were derived from the 16S-23S ISR intergenic spacer region of phytoplasma that causes SCWL and were highly homologous (99.05%-100% similarity) to the corresponding genome region registered in GenBank. Plant height, stalk diameter, millable stalk rate and single stalk weight were significantly reduced by infection of SCWL,which caused destructive damage to sugarcane.     

鸦胆子褐斑病病原菌鉴定及其防治药剂筛选

通过常规植物病理学和分子生物学方法对人工栽培鸦胆子褐斑病病原菌进行了分离和鉴定,研究了其病原菌对温度和pH的适应性以及对药剂的敏感性。结果表明,引起鸦胆子褐斑病的病原菌为高粱附球菌(Epicoccum sorghinum)。病原菌温度和pH生长曲线回归方程分别为■。由方程计算病原菌最适生长温度为24.6℃,最适pH为5.3。戊唑醇和苯醚甲环唑可作为鸦胆子褐斑病田间防治的备选药剂,且预防效果好于治疗效果。     

黄葵茎腐病病原菌的分离与鉴定

针对江苏宜兴黄葵主产区发生的黄葵茎腐病,通过分离黄葵植株不同部位(根、茎、叶)以及根际土壤、根围土壤的微生物,经形态学观察,结合分子进化分析构建了黄葵不同生态位的微生物物种系统发育树,对其种类和分布进行了分析。结果表明,细菌优势类群为芽胞杆菌,而真菌无明显优势类群。同时,根据柯赫氏法则测定了分离得到的微生物菌株的致病性,确定了菌株F28可引起黄葵茎腐病,经ITS分子进化分析及形态学观察,将其鉴定为变紫青霉Penicillium sanguineum。     

江西甘蔗花叶病病原的分子鉴定

 Sugarcane mosaic disease, caused by Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), Sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV), Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) or Johnsongrass mosaic virus (JGMV) in Potyvirus, is one of the most important viral diseases of sugarcane. In the study, four primer pairs specific to SCMV, SrMV, MDMV and JGMV, respectively, were designed and used to detect 29 sugarcane leaf mosaic samples collected from 9 locations in Jiangxi province. The representative RT-PCR products were sequenced. The results showed that 22 samples were infected by SCMV, three by SrMV, and four were mix-infected by SCMV and SrMV. MDMV or JGMV were not identified in all samples. The result indicates that SCMV is the major pathogen of sugarcane mosaic disease in Jiangxi province, and SrMV is also a pathogen for the disease.