LED光源在色选机上的应用

色选机是农产品品质控制和提升的重要设备，在农业领域有广泛的应用。随着现有技术的升级换代，色选机重要模块之一的光源系统也逐渐从最初的日光灯向LED光源发展。着重介绍了LED的优势和在色选机上的应用，并对今后的发展前景进行了分析。      

装备

100501DANDY-2110色选机该色选机采用超速气枪,快速选出不良品,降低带出比例,分选出白米中的杂质,提高大米的产量。设计上采用自动清洁装置和除尘装置,可经常保持最佳的分选状态;在通道和摄像机内部设有     

基于CPLD的竹制品生产线竹条光电色选系统的设计

本文通过对现今国内外分选系统的调查和分析,结合竹制品生产线竹条色选工序的不足,并基于复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)技术,对竹制品生产线中竹条光电色选机系统进行了研究。它以具有高分辨率和高灵敏度特点的CCD电荷耦合器件为核心,用CPLD器件对CCD采集的图像模拟信号进行A/D和色空间的转换、信号数据缓存和同步串行通信,实现了竹制品生产线中竹条光电色选机系统的设计。实践证明,本竹条光电色选机系统与传统的人工辨别竹条颜色相比,进度快、误差低、节省劳动力,还提高竹制品生产线的自动化程度,从而提高生产效率,增大经济及社会效益。     

LED日光灯管设计探索

LED作为一种新的光源正在被大众所接受,它的优势远远大于我们现在用到的传统光源,随着资源的稀有化,绿色、节能的能源已经成为了世界的新宠,LED主要用在照明领域,这次绿色革命也就从传统照明界开始,荧光灯管是传统室内照明的主要产品,荧光灯管的改造是很有时代意义的,LED光源应用到灯管上,不仅节能而且环保,符合现代人的生活理念.     

现阶段太阳能LED灯发展现状及其未来发展趋势

LED光源是太阳能路灯的最佳使用光源,具有低电压供电、节能、寿命长、稳定性强、实用性强等特点,大功率LED散热效果良好,光衰小,性能比较稳定,而小功率的LED应用在太阳能路灯上,则具有散热效果差、寿命短等弊端。本文对此展开探究,分析现阶段太阳能LED灯发展现状,并对其未来的发展做出展望与评价,以期为绿化照明建设的发展提供参考。     

草莓用LED组合光源研究

草莓用LED光源是针对植物的光合作用、光形态建成反应、光周期调节及光强对光谱的选择性,确定设施农业专用LED组合光源的主光谱辐射区,使其发射光谱与植物的选择性吸收光谱相匹配;根据LED的光色电性能指标,选取高亮度、不同功率的红、蓝、白色和远红光单色LED光源;通过对光色、光质、数量、排列进行优化组合来研制系列LED组件模块。出于工程上自动控制之需要,LED组合光源为行、列数各为9的方阵。     

基于FPGA的脱绒棉种色选机实现

通过对当前脱绒棉种分选实现方法的对比,给出了一种双CCD(Charge-coupled device)检测FPGA(Fieldprogrammable gate array)分选实现的方法。通过图像采集模块、数据传输模块和分选模块的分析与设计,结合仿真分析和测试试验,验证了色选机系统效果。其中,图像采集模块采样彩色线阵CCD对脱绒棉种进行成熟度信息采集、黑白线阵CCD对棉种进行完整度信息采集;数据传输模块完成采集数据的传输任务;分选模块依据成熟度和完整度信息对棉种进行判别分析。试验结果表明,色选机系统能够完成对棉种特征信息的采集、数据传输以及分选判别工作,能够满足色选机设计要求。     

FPGA在番茄色选机检测系统中的应用

随着数字信号处理理论和微电子技术的发展,利用FPGA的高速特性来满足图像处理的实时要求,目前已经成为该领域的研究及开发热点.为此,结合FPGA的技术特性与功能原理及其在实际电路中的相应配置方法,并围绕色选机检测系统功能的实现,对FPGA进行了简单的功能模块分工设计.该系统模块搭配简单,容易实现.     

基于遗传算法的全光谱LED植物光源阵列优化研究

为解决全光谱LED发光具有一定的光束发散角,易造成植物在培育过程中光量子通量密度分布不均匀的问题,提出基于遗传算法对随机分布全光谱LED植物光源阵列进行优化设计,仿真对比三角光源阵列与传统矩形光源阵列的光量子通量密度PPFD均匀度。首先通过理论推导全光谱LED光照度与PPFD之间的换算关系式,计算换算系数,用目标平面上光照度的均匀性间接表征PPFD的均匀性,并以光照度函数的标准差构建评价函数,作为遗传算法的适应度函数。根据算法寻优结果,绘制LED阵列三维模型导入Tracepro中仿真模拟验证。结果表明:三角与矩形阵列的PPFD均匀度均超过了85%,且三角光源阵列的PPFD均匀度与光照分布特性均优于矩形光源阵列,验证了算法的可行性,同时提高了全光谱LED光源阵列的设计效率。     

LED在设施农业中的应用

在设施农业中,通常所采用的人工光源是荧光灯与高压钠灯.近年来,随着光电技术的发展,发光二极管(LED)的亮度与效率也大幅度提高,使得这种光源在设施农业生产中的应用变为可行,尤其对封闭可调控的设施农业环境 (如植物工厂,组织培养室、植物生长箱等) 是一种非常合适的人工光源.为此,主要介绍了LED在设施农业中的应用及发展趋势.     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。