猪囊尾蚴病重组抗原和基因工程疫苗的研究进展

猪囊尾蚴病(Cysticercosis Cellulosae)是由猪带绦虫的幼虫囊尾蚴寄生于人或猪等而引起的人畜共患寄生虫病,是公认的世界经济病之一,严重威胁着人体健康,并给畜牧业造成重大经济损失,猪囊尾蚴病的免疫防治势在必行.然而在猪囊尾蚴病疫苗研究中,疫苗抗原的选择和来源一直困扰着兽医工作者.该文就近年来猪囊尾蚴病诊断重组抗原和基因工程疫苗的分子生物学研究进展进行了综述.     

猪囊尾蚴疫苗的研究进展

<正>猪囊尾蚴病是由猪带绦虫幼虫寄生在人和猪等体内而引发的一种人畜共患寄生虫病,被世界公认的经济病之一,给养殖业带来极大经济损失,并且对人体健康存在严重的威胁,所以有效控制猪囊尾蚴病具有重要意义。虽然猪囊尾蚴病疫苗研究多种多样,但是目前选择特异性高且能有效快速防控猪囊尾蚴病的疫苗一直是个难题。本文就近年来猪囊尾蚴组织细胞苗、基因工程疫苗、核酸疫苗、多肽疫苗和其他新型疫苗的研究进展进行了综述。在我国北部猪囊尾蚴病发病率比较高,猪囊尾蚴大     

猪囊尾蚴抗原成分及其诊断价值分析

猪囊尾蚴病是一种重要的人畜共患寄生虫病。囊尾蚴病的快速诊断是囊尾蚴病治疗和预防的前提,免疫学诊断方法是近年来的囊尾蚴病临床诊断中的重要辅助手段,高特异性诊断抗原的筛选为近年来的研究热点。囊尾蚴抗原组成复杂,包括囊液抗原、头节抗原、囊壁抗原、循环抗原和排泄分泌抗原等。其中的囊液抗原特异性较好,可用于免疫学诊断,而排泄分泌抗原诊断囊尾蚴的价值尚待进一步研究。     

猪囊尾蚴病免疫学诊断方法及其cC1疫苗研究进展

猪囊尾蚴病又称猪囊虫病,是由猪带绦虫的幼虫引起的一种人畜共患病。该病可累及全身多个器官,并引起严重的临床症状,被世界卫生组织列为需要根除的六种疾病之一。随着科学技术的发展,猪囊尾蚴病的免疫学诊断方法及其疫苗的研究均取得了较大的进展。通过对猪囊尾蚴病免疫学诊断方法及其cC1疫苗的研究进展进行综述。以期为猪囊虫病的防制提供参考。     

猪带绦虫六钩蚴TSOL18基因疫苗表达载体的构建及其免疫原性研究

为研制新型猪囊尾蚴疫苗,将猪带绦虫六钩蚴阶段编码 TSOL18 的基因定向克隆于真核表达质粒 pVAX1, 经筛选、鉴定及 DNA序列分析正确后,将重组质粒 pVAX1/TSOL18 转染 BHK-21 细胞,通过 SDS-PAGE、Western blotting、免疫荧光试验等方法检测细胞中表达的 TSOL18 抗原。结果表明,重组真核质粒 pVAX1/TSOL18 可在 BHK-21 细胞中表达TSOL18 目的蛋白,表达蛋白能被猪囊尾蚴病阳性血清所识别。动物免疫试验表明,真核表达载体能有效地诱导机体产生细胞免疫和体液免疫应答,这为猪囊尾蚴病基因疫苗的研究奠定了良好基础。     

猪带绦虫AgB与猪CD58或IFN-γ共表达质粒的构建及其在BHK-21细胞中的表达

猪囊尾蚴病是一种重要的人畜共患病,研制有效、安全、廉价的疫苗是当前主要的研究方向之一。本试验通过PCR方法,从含猪囊尾蚴B抗原（AgB）、猪CD58和猪IFN-γ的重组克隆质粒中扩增出AgB、CD58和IFN-γ基因,然后将其克隆到真核表达载体pBudCE4.1中。重组表达质粒鉴定后,在脂质体作用下转染BHK-21细胞,通过间接免疫荧光（IFA）或直接免疫荧光试验分别检测AgB、CD58和IFN-γ在BHK-21中的表达。结果显示,AgB、CD58和IFN-γ在BHK-21细胞中都成功表达,这为研制抗猪囊尾蚴DNA疫苗奠定了坚实基础。     

酶标葡萄球菌A蛋白染色法用于猪囊尾蚴病诊断的初步研究

用自制的猪囊尾蚴头节“颗粒性抗原”,以HRP—SPA作为第二抗体,进行间接免疫酶染色诊断猪囊尾蚴病。检测61份猪囊尾蚴病血清,阳性59份,检出率为96.6％;健康猪血清69份、细颈囊尾蚴病和肺丝虫病猪血清各10份,均为阴性。此法简便易行,快速、准确,适于基层使用。     

猪囊尾蚴低分子质量抗原基因Ag1V1蛋白原核表达条件的优化

<正>猪囊尾蚴病是由猪带绦虫(Taenia solium)幼虫引起的一种重要的人畜共患寄生虫病[1]。目前,囊尾蚴诊断中影像学诊断效果较好,但价格昂贵[2],免疫学诊断方法成本低于影像学诊断,适于在感染地区推广应用。囊尾蚴病的免疫学诊断方法主要包括抗体检测和抗原检测。无论抗原检测还是抗体检测均需要筛选敏感性好、特异性强的抗原。本研究在成功克隆猪     

天津实验动物所攻克“猪囊虫病”

由天津实验动物研究所张中庸、李靓如两位教授主持的“猪囊尾蚴细胞疫苗开发研究”课题取得突破，此项高新技术已由实验室推进到工业化生产，为在全国以至全世界消灭猪囊虫病创造了有利条件。据有关专家介绍：猪囊尾蚴病即猪囊虫病，是一种人兽交互感染的寄生虫疾病，目前在我国和全世界的感染率呈上升趋势。为了解决这一世界性难题，我国将“猪囊尾蚴细胞疫苗开发研究”列入国家“九五”重点科技攻关项目。在张中庸、李靓如两位教授的主持下，通过大量的动物实验，积累了猪囊虫病的宝贵资料。项目组经过田间实验、中间试制和区域实验，终于…     

民和县脑山地区猪囊尾蚴病防治效果调查

猪囊尾蚴病,群众俗称：“囊虫猪”或“米虫猪”,病原体是寄生在人体内的猪带绦虫Taeniasolium的幼虫一猪囊尾蚴Cyscicercus cellulosae,它可寄生于猪的肌肉中,大量寄生使肌肉不能食用而销毁,人误食含有猪囊尾蚴的肉品,可发生绦虫病,该病严重威胁着人体健康和养猪业的发展。     

抗原-抗体复合物疫苗研究进展

抗原-抗体复合物疫苗是由特异性高免血清按照恰当的比例与抗原混合而制成。免疫复合物疫苗能够增强抗原递呈细胞的递呈能力,能有效的提高机体的免疫能力。近年来国内外研究者做了大量的相关研究,在鸡新城疫和传染性法氏囊病等禽病的复合物疫苗研究中取得了一定成果,在乙型肝炎复合物疫苗研究中取得了突破性的进展,为病毒性疾病的防控开辟了一条新的途径。论文就免疫复合物疫苗研究方面的优点、作用机制及应用前景进行了综述。     

抗原浓缩纯化工艺降低口蹄疫O型和Asia1型二价灭活疫苗免疫副反应研究

为降低口蹄疫O型和Asia 1型二价灭活疫苗使用过程中存在的免疫副反应,本研究采用超滤技术对抗原进行浓缩纯化处理,制备浓缩抗原疫苗,通过测定制苗用病毒液LD50值和浓缩抗原疫苗内毒素含量,进行牛副反应试验,并与未浓缩的普通疫苗进行比较.结果表明,制苗用 Asia 1/JSL06株和OS/99株病毒液经浓缩纯化处理后LD50值比常规处理LD50分别提高了1.0和1.25个滴度,内毒素值显著低于普通灭活苗内毒素值(p<0.01),接种本动物后未出现免疫副反应.本研究结果表明,使用超滤技术浓缩纯化抗原可有效降低口蹄疫灭活苗免疫副反应.     

结核分支杆菌重组活疫苗研究进展

结核分支杆菌(MTB)引起的结核病 是一种人兽共患的慢性传染病,短程督导化 疗是治疗该病的主要措施,卡介苗是预防该 病的惟一疫苗,但其免疫效果极不稳定。分 子生物学技术的发展为研制新型MTB疫苗 提供了理想方法,人们利用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 (Salmonellatyphimurium,St)减毒株作为 载体,将编码MTB保护性抗原的基因导入其 中,可构建重组St疫苗,如rSt Ag85B疫苗 和rSt ESAT 6疫苗;将编码MTB保护性抗 原的基因导入小鼠巨噬细胞或骨髓细胞可构 建MTB活细胞疫苗,如J774 HSP65疫苗和 BMC HSP65疫苗;利用基因诱变可构建 MTB减毒活疫苗,如MTB嘌呤营养缺陷株, ICL基因剔除株,VitB5营养缺陷株和十一萜 醇激酶基因变异株。文章介绍了结核分支杆 菌重组鼠伤寒沙门氏菌疫苗,活细胞疫苗和 减毒活疫苗的构建及其免疫机制等方面的研 究进展。     

Equine immunology 4: vaccines and antisera

This paper attempts to relate the practicalities of vaccine development to the ideals which should be aimed for in a new vaccine. The type of immune response induced is dependent upon the nature of the antigen in the vaccine and the site and timing of its presentation to the immune system. In this respect the influence of age, maternal immunity and antigenic competition are discussed. The possible side effects associated with vaccination are defined and vaccines which are currently available for horses are reviewed. These vaccines are mostly for the prevention of respiratory disease. Finally, the possible uses for antisera are considered.     

The evaluation of a lectin-agarose based subunit vaccine and complementary diagnostic antigen for Aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) in the pig

Eleven out of 25 pigs were immunized with a lectin-agarose based subunit vaccine for Aujeszky's disease (AD). The vaccine was prepared by extracting protective antigens from a non-ionic detergent (Triton-X-100) extract of AD virus-infected PK-la cells with Lens culinaris agglutinin immobilized on agarose beads. Two groups of 3 and 4 pigs received 2 doses of vaccine each containing 426 μg of adsorbed protein. Two groups of 2 pigs each received 2 vaccine doses containing either 23 or 33 μg of adsorbed protein. All vaccinated pigs survived a nasal challenge of 10^8.5 PFU of virulent AD virus while 13 out of 14 (93%) uninoculated controls died between Days 5 and 9 post challenge. This immunizing preparation qualified as a practical subunit vaccine because pigs were protected with relatively small amounts of protective antigen while at the same time remained free of detectable antibody to a complementary diagnostic antigen. This antigen was obtained in relatively pure form from the maintenance medium of virus-infected cells 4 h post-inoculation. In addition both high and low dose vaccinates failed to produce detectable antibody to at least one other antigen complex. The composition of Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) and Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA)-purified AD viral antigen preparations were also compared by crossed immunoelectrophoretic techniques. Both preparations contained two antigen complexes and two individual antigens in common. Each preparation also contained its own unique antigen complex. The RCA purified antigen preparation also contained small quantities of a single antigen that was not detectable in the LCA antigen preparation.     

不同纯化浓缩方法制备的新城疫疫苗对SPF鸡免疫效果的研究

为研究利用不同纯化浓缩方法制备的新城疫疫苗对SPF鸡免疫效果的影响,试验取经过纯化浓缩的新城疫抗原制备的疫苗、经离心未经浓缩的抗原制备成的疫苗和经浓缩未离心的抗原制备成的疫苗分别免疫30日龄SPF鸡,免疫后分别在第7d、14 d、21 d、28 d、35 d、45 d、70 d、90 d采集血清检测新城疫抗体水平。结果表明,经浓缩纯化后抗原制备的疫苗与其他两组抗原制备的疫苗相比,物理外观性状基本相同,浓缩纯化后抗原制备的疫苗其单位抗原含量更高、杂质更少,抗体水平更高,统计数据显示差异显著。因此研究得出,浓缩倍数(即抗原含量)越高,抗体水平越高,持续的时间也越长。     

Targeting the tick/pathogen interface for developing new anaplasmosis vaccine strategies

Bovine anaplasmosis is a tick-borne hemolytic disease of cattle that occurs worldwide caused by the intraerythrocytic rickettsiae Anaplasma marginale. Control measures, including use of acaricides, administration of antibiotics and vaccines, have varied with geographic location. Our research is focused on the tick-pathogen interface for development of new vaccine strategies with the goal of reducing anaplasmosis, tick infestations and the vectorial capacity of ticks. Toward this approach, we have targeted (1) development of an A. marginale cell culture system to provide a non-bovine antigen source, (2) characterization of an A. marginale adhesion protein, and (3) identification of key tick protective antigens for reduction of tick infestations. A cell culture system for propagation of A. marginale was developed and provided a non-bovine source of A. marginale vaccine antigen. The A. marginale adhesion protein, MSP1a, was characterized and use of recombinant MSP1a in vaccine formulations reduced clinical anaplasmosis and infection levels in ticks that acquired infection on immunized cattle. Most recently, we identified a tick-protective antigen, subolesin, that reduced tick infestations, as well as the vectorial capacity of ticks for acquisition and transmission of A marginale. This integrated approach to vaccine development shows promise for developing new strategies for control of bovine anaplasmosis.     

狐阴道加德纳氏菌病疫苗应用效果研究

本文比较了抗原检疫和氯霉素治疗后接种阴道加德纳氏菌灭活疫苗,以及氯霉素治疗后不接种疫苗三组试验对控制阴道加德纳氏菌病的效果,结果表明,接种疫苗两组其流产、空怀率仅为０４％和１２９％,而不接种疫苗组为６９％,本试验说明,该疫苗预防狐空怀与流产是有效的。     

口蹄疫合成肽疫苗研究进展

口蹄疫(FMD)是一种严重威胁世界畜牧业发展和国际进出口贸易的重大传染病。尽管FMD传统疫苗在免疫效力上具有一定优势,但其自身仍存在诸多弊端及隐患。随着分子生物学技术的飞速发展,及其在兽医领域不断取得的创新性应用,FMD合成肽疫苗作为新型基因工程疫苗的一种,以其具有更为广谱的特异性、更加安全稳定、经济实用等特点,现已成为FMD研究领域的主要热点及方向。论文从抗原位点的选择、空间构象的研究、疫苗载体的探索以及免疫佐剂的优化等多方面对FMD合成肽疫苗的发展过程及其研究进展进行了深入探讨,旨在为FMD合成肽疫苗的进一步发展以及其他病原微生物合成肽疫苗的深入研究提供借鉴。     

Production of viral vaccines for veterinary use

This review provides inside information on the production of vaccines for veterinary use. The vaccines against rinderpest as well as foot and mouth disease are considered milestones in the history of veterinary vaccine production. Modern vaccines are based on the scientific progress in virology, cell biology and immunology. While naturally occurring attenuated viruses or viruses obtained after passage in different animal species or cell culture were used as vaccine strains in the early vaccines, nowadays targeted mutagenesis can be applied to generate vaccine virus strains. In principle, the antigen production process is the same for live and inactivated vaccines. The vaccine virus is usually grown in cell culture, either in roller bottles or bioreactors. Most live vaccines are freeze-dried in order to enable storage in the refridgerator for a longer period. To this end, a so-called stabilizer is added to the culture medium. The inactivation of the vaccine virus for the production of killed vaccines is done by physical or chemical treatments that lead to denaturation of the proteins or damage of the nucleic acids. The inactivated antigen may be further purified and mixed with an adjuvant. The quality standards for vaccines are layed down in international regulations and laws. Numerous tests are performed during the different production steps and on the final product in order to warrant the quality of each batch.