应用丙硫苯咪唑驱牛片形吸虫效果良好

我市耕牛,分散养在广大农村,常在低洼地,或潮湿地放牧,不同程度地感染片形吸虫。以致体质衰弱,耕作能力下降,越冬渡春死亡增多。为此,决定应用国产丙硫苯咪唑药物进行一次大面积驱虫,结果收效良好。现报道如下: 一、经过 1990年5月,市畜牧局组成5人驱虫领导小组并召集各乡镇兽医站站长,宣布驱虫方案,明确试点及各乡镇的任务,并进行技     

碘硝酚对青海细毛羊体表硬蜱的驱杀效果

本次试验碘硝酚注射液对青海细毛羊体表硬蜱的驱虫杀虫效果。结果显示,使用剂量为0.1mL/kg·bw碘硝酚注射液驱虫效果最佳,其次是使用剂量为0.05mL/kg·bw。试验2个组驱虫效果均优于对照组。由此可以看出,碘硝酚对青海细毛羊体表硬蜱的驱虫效果较好,在防治过程中值得推广应用,可以将其作为首选药物。     

硝氯酚和三氯苯达唑两种药物驱除绵羊肝片吸虫效果对比试验

青海湖乡地处青海湖东北部，2012年全乡共存栏绵羊143530只，冬春在青海湖湿地放牧的绵羊占60％，夏秋在青海湖湿地放牧的绵羊占35％，四季草场均有湿地的占17％，近年来由于草场承包，统一驱虫难度大，草原超载饲养，贩卖流动频繁，绵羊肝片吸虫感染率呈现上升态势，统计显示2010年、2011年我乡死于肝片吸虫的绵羊占总死亡羊数的32．8％和35％。为此，我们用硝氯酚和三氯苯达唑进行了驱虫效果对比试验。     

黄牛肉服硫双二氯酚过量引起中毒的诊治

1 中毒经过2001年8月3日,宣州区夏渡乡一土兽医用硫双二氯酚(又名别丁)对本乡张村18头小黄牛进行驱虫,喂量为0.12g/kg,次日即出现中毒,2日内死亡了5头,中毒致死率达27.78%。     

黄牛内服硫双二氯酚过量引起中毒的诊治

1 中毒经过 2001年8月3日,宣州区夏渡乡一土兽医用硫双二氯酚(又名别丁)对本乡张村18头小黄牛进行驱虫,喂量为0.12g/kg,次日即出现中毒,2日内死亡了5头,中毒致死率达27.78%.     

碘硝酚对甘南藏羊鼻蝇蚴的驱治效果

为了证实碘硝酚对甘南藏羊鼻蝇蚴的驱治效果，应用２０％碘硝酚注射液按１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重颈部皮下注射，对５６７只感染鼻蝇蚴藏羊进行了驱治试验，结果驱虫率达１００％，表明该药是农牧民治疗羊鼻蝇的首选药物。     

放牧黄牛寄生蠕虫调查及配方驱虫试验

应用改良史多尔（ｓｔｏｌ’ｓ）虫卵计数法，在春乏期随机抽检放牧黄牛２６头，发现消化道线虫、肝片吸虫、矛形双腔吸虫和莫尼茨绦虫的感染率分别为７６９％、４２３％、２３１％和７７％；感染强度以消化道线虫最高，每克粪便中虫卵数（ｅｐｇ）平均达４７６９枚，最高达１０００枚，分期重复检查发现ｅｐｇ平均上升３５０枚。应用硝氯酚、丙硫苯咪唑和盐酸左旋唑进行配方驱虫，硝丙合剂投服１５天，消化道线虫卵和肝片吸虫卵减少率和转阴率均达到１００％。     

抗肝片吸虫药-硝碘酚腈的研究与应用

硝碘酚腈（4－羟基－3－碘－5－硝基苯甲腈）是一种常用的牛羊抗肝片吸虫药物。它对肝片吸虫的成虫及幼虫均有很好的杀灭作用。本文对抗肝片吸虫药－碘硝酚腈的理化性质、作用机制、驱虫效果、毒理试验及化学合成方面的研究进展进行简要综述。     

不同药物组合对山羊肝片吸虫及消化道线虫驱除效果的试验

作者应用4组不同药物对放牧的浏阳黑山羊进行了驱虫试验，结果表明：应用硝碘酚腈 左旋味唑组(Ⅰ组)，以及硫双二氯酚 左旋咪唑组(Ⅱ组)肝片吸虫和线虫减卵率均为100％，剖检查虫肝片吸虫和线虫均为阴性。应用硝氯酚 驱虫精组(Ⅲ组)肝片吸虫和线虫减卵率分别为90.5％和81.0％，剖检查虫肝片吸虫为阴性，线虫18条。应用肝蛭净 驱虫精组(Ⅳ组)肝片吸虫和线虫减卵率分别为59.1％和91.6％，剖检查虫肝片吸虫和线虫分别为12条和6条。因而认为Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组的药物组合对驱除山羊肝片吸虫及消化道线虫效果较好。     

家畜寄生虫防治取得成效

1983年我们对渭源县黄香沟牧场进行家畜寄生虫病调查的结果表明,马胃蝇幼虫感染率达100％,肺丝虫、胃肠道线虫、肝片吸虫黄牛感染率达82％,牦牛、羊达100％,青海血蜱体外寄生虫,牦牛、羊感染达100％。在调查的基础上,用硝氯酚、驱虫净对黄牛、羊进行了驱虫试验,并从1984年起开始全面驱虫。马、牛用驱虫净皮下或肌肉注射(精制,用注射用水配成10％溶液,无菌操作,随用随配,     

北方农牧交错区奶牛场舍内外温热环境指标的监测与评价

本试验选择内蒙古西部农牧交错区某奶牛场作为试验地点,对泌乳牛舍一年四季空气温热环境指标进行了监测与评价,以供牛舍设计与管理者参考。测定结果显示,北方农牧交错地区建造封闭式牛舍,夏季应考虑增加通风降温措施,而冬季则应考虑如何解决保温与通风之间的矛盾。     

高原牛羊胃肠道线虫驱治模式研究

根据高原地区＂春乏＂期间,牛、羊因胃肠道线虫病引起死亡严重的突出情况,自列项目,在全州范围划为三大区域,以项目区为中心,在牛、羊发病率和死亡率相对高的乡（镇）、村设点,将93330头（只）牛、羊分为三个组,作为高原地区牛、羊胃肠道线虫病防治技术模块,结果3个试验组用药前胃肠道寄生虫感染率均为100%,早晨在放牧前投喂赛爱吉夏结、克虫特和丙硫苯咪唑等药物后,7 d粪检EPG,虫卵转阴率和虫卵减少数均为100%。间隔7 d重复驱虫1次,防治效果显著。有计划的用驱虫药丙硫咪唑,克虫特、伊维菌素。在每年春季2~3月,秋季8~9月份进行两次驱虫。可提高牛、羊有机体的免疫力,降低牛、羊胃肠道线虫病的发病率和死亡率,减轻对养殖业的危害。     

STUDIES ON NEMATODE INFECTIONS OF BEEF CATTLE IN NEW SOUTH WALES

The occurrence and seasonal trends of nematode parasite infections in beef cattle on the Tablelands and North Coast regions of New South Wales are described, based on worm counts from 627 spring-born steers slaughtered at 2-monthly intervals from 6 to 24 months of age. The predominant parasites were Ostertagia ostertagi, Trichostrongylus axei and Cooperia spp. Large burdens of adult Ostertagia were seen in 12-month-old animals in late winter and early spring, and later in 18- to 20-month-old cattle in the following late summer and autumn. These infections often resulted in outbreaks of clinical parasitism. Massive numbers of inhibited early fourth stage larvae (EL4) also accumulated in the yearlings during their first spring, reached peaks in mid-summer and then declined. The possibility of their resumption of development to mature worms in the late summer and autumn period is discussed. Adult T. axei showed a similar seasonal trend to Ostertagia and may have increased the severity of outbreaks of clinical disease. Cooperia populations of EL4 and adult worms were highest in weaners during winter, but lower numbers thereafter indicated a strong resistance to re-infection. In addition, Haemonchus placei occurred frequently on the North Coast both as EL4 and adults in cattle of all ages up to 20 months. Of the other cattle nematodes, Oesophagostomum radiatum and Trichuris spp occurred in low numbers, mainly in weaners. Bunstomum phlebotomum and H. contortus occurred sporadically on the North Coast and Tablelands respectively. Intestinal Trichostronglyus spp, Oesophagostomum venulosum and Dictyocaulus viviparus were seen occasionally and Nematodirus spp were not seen. There was a poor relationship between worm counts and faecal egg counts. Cooperia spp dominated the egg counts, while those for other genera were generally low and did not reflect the relative abundance or seasonal changes in worm numbers.     

慢性冷热应激对放牧西门塔尔牛抗氧化功能及HPA轴、SAM轴激素分泌的影响

为研究慢性冷热应激对放牧条件下西门塔尔牛生理指标、抗氧化功能及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴(HPA)、交感-肾上腺-髓质轴(SAM)激素分泌的影响,选取内蒙古锡林郭勒盟苏尼特左旗某家庭牧场体质量相近、体况健康的西门塔尔牛20头,试验期间测定试验牛生理指标,于试验期最后一天清晨进行颈静脉采血并制备血清,采用ELISA方法检...     

秦川牛超数排卵效果的研究

本研究共超排秦川牛31头次，有效超排20头次，有效率为64.5％。头均获胚总数6.45枚，可用胚4.20枚。激素用量为300 mg/头时，头均获胚总数和头均可用胚数显著高于260和340 mg组（P<0.05）。冬春季的头均获胚总数（8.56）和头均可用胚数（6.00）显著高于夏秋季（4.73、2.73）（P<0.05）。对供体牛连续超排处理3次，间隔70 d，对超排效果无显著影响。     

Monthly and seasonal fluctuations in abomasal nematode worm burden of naturally infected cattle in Austria

From October 1980 until September 1981, 191 abomasa of naturally infected cattle were obtained from the slaughter-houses of Mürzhofen and Graz in the province of Styria, and of Wiener Neustadt in the province of Lower Austria and examined to study the monthly and seasonal occurrence of hypobiosis in Ostertagia ostertagi and Trichostrongylus axei. Infections in pastured animals (cows, steers and heifers) were compared with those in stabled animals (bulls fed on green forage and silage). Except for 10 bulls fed on silage all animals were parasitized. The results indicate that in Austria inhibited early fourth stage larvae of Ostertagia accumulate during the winter. Pastured animals showed a higher intensity of infection than stabled animals. Cows less than 3 and greater than 5 years of age had higher worm counts than those between these ages. There was a simultaneous accumulation of third stage larvae and adult worms of Trichostrongylus axei in autumn in steers and heifers. In bulls fed on green forage a higher adult worm burden was seen in winter. No significant correlation existed between the number of worm nodules in the abomasal mucosa and the various developmental stages of the worms. The count of in-utero immature eggs was higher in stabled than in pastured animals. No significant correlation between the number of in-utero eggs and that of female worms was noticeable. Numbers of mature Ostertagia eggs rose in spring, while in fall and winter the immature eggs predominated. An increase in the uterine egg count was observed in Trichostrongylus in autumn. Statistical analyses of our data show that the most decisive factor influencing the numbers of inhibited and adult Ostertagia as well as in-utero eggs is the system of animal management.     

Cool Season Perennial Grasses as Complementary Forages to Winter Wheat Pasture

Three grazing trials with growing cattle were conducted to evaluate three cool season perennial grasses (Manska pubescent wheatgrass, Lincoln smooth bromegrass, and Paiute orchardgrass) as complementary forages for winter wheat pasture. Initial stocking rate averaged 1,359 kg BW/ha for approximately 60 d in the two spring trials (April and May) and 857 kg BW/ha for 40 d in the fall trial (late September and October). The ADG and gain per hectare averaged, respectively, 0.86 kg/d and 287 kg/ha and 0.50 kg/d and 59 kg/ha for the spring and fall trials. Generally, neither animal growth performance nor production per hectare was different among the three grasses. However, OM of wheatgrass was more digestible, and its CP was more ruminally degradable, than that of the other grasses. Crude protein concentrations of the grasses generally ranged from 13.6 to 32.4% of DM and were more than adequate to support BW gains of 1 kg/d for growing cattle. Grazing days per hectare and BW gain per hectare from the fall grazing period were only about 30 and 20%, respectively, of the totals for spring and fall 1999, which supports previous findings that most of the production of these grasses occurs in the spring. Orchardgrass was the least resistant to summer drought. Cattle must be removed from dual-purpose winter wheat at the first hollow stem stage of maturity in late winter. However, late winter forage production of these cool season perennial grasses was inadequate to serve as complementary forage to dual-purpose winter wheat.     

Enteritis in cattle due to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection

A selective medium was used to isolate Yersinia sp from the intestinal tract of 222 scouring cattle in Gippsland during 1985 and 1986. Intestinal infection with Y. pseudotuberculosis, particularly of serotype III, was found to be especially prevalent in weaned calves, yearlings and young adult cattle. Clinically affected cattle had a profuse liquid diarrhoea and many were systemically ill. Haematological changes suggestive of infection were present in 38 of 49 of these cattle. At least 35 cattle died and characteristic microabscesses were demonstrated in the intestinal mucosa of 20 of 26 examined histologically. Y. pseudotuberculosis was sensitive to tetracyclines in vitro and this drug produced a rapid bacteriological cure. Yersiniosis occurred during the winter, spring and early summer. Challenge of adult cattle with Y. pseudotuberculosis serotype III did not result in intestinal colonisation or clinical disease. Intestinal infection was, however, established in 4 weaned calves and haematological changes and antibody production were demonstrated in them. Intestinal microabscesses were seen in three calves killed on days 8, 14 and 18 after challenge. The fourth calf eliminated infection by day 18 and no lesions were demonstrated when it was killed on day 72. There is a very high prevalence of antibodies reacting with Y. pseudotuberculosis serotype III in adult cattle. It is concluded that cattle are a common host for this bacterium, infection being frequent, with clinical and fatal disease occurring occasionally. The factors leading to clinical disease are unknown.     

Foraging Behavior of Alberes Cattle in a Mediterranean Forest Ecosystem

The dietary composition of the semiferal cattle population in the Alberes Natural Park in northeastern Spain was determined four times per year, from June 2002 to February 2004, by microhistological analysis of a total of 120 fecal samples. Woody species, mainly the Quercus and Erica genera, formed the bulk of the diet, reaching 89% of it in winter. However, in spring and summer, the proportion of woody and herbaceous species varied between samples, depending on the habitat where they were collected. The forest samples contained 67% woody species in summer, whereas grassland samples only contained 44%. The results showed that the Alberes cattle population grazed actively in Mediterranean forests and consumed a high proportion of the most combustible species, such as the Erica genus (39% of the epidermal fragments in winter samples). Even when grassland habitat was utilized, in spring and summer, one-third of the diet was from woody species. Some bovines, such as the Alberes cattle breed, can therefore survive year-round in a forest habitat with little forage supplementation, and the consumption of a predominantly woody diet would be expected to reduce forest fire hazards.