壳聚糖对水蜜桃汁的澄清效果初报

用壳聚糖对水蜜桃汁进行澄清试验的结果表明,壳聚糖用量为0.3~1.2g/L、温度40~55℃、pH3.0~4.5的工艺条件下澄清水蜜桃汁,透光率达86%以上,果汁中的可溶性固形物含量基本不变。通过正交试验,得出壳聚糖对水蜜桃汁澄清的最适工艺条件是：壳聚糖用量为0.4g/L,温度为40℃,pH为4.5。     

壳聚糖包膜龙眼对其果皮生理生化特性的影响

以不同浓度的脱乙酰壳聚糖为主要原料,研究其在常温下(28~37℃)对"乌龙岭"龙眼的保鲜效果及其对龙眼果皮生理生化特性的影响。结果表明,经壳聚糖包膜的龙眼贮藏后,龙眼的褐变率、腐烂率和失水率明显降低,且可保持较高的商品率;此外包膜后,龙眼果皮的细菌和真菌数量受到抑制。进一步分析发现,包膜处理龙眼,可减缓其果皮叶绿素含量的减少,抑制龙眼果皮相对电导率、多酚氧化酶活性和胡萝卜素含量的上升。当脱乙酰壳聚糖的体积分数为95%时,对龙眼的保鲜效果最好。     

蜂蜜菊芋酒澄清工艺的研究

以明胶、壳聚糖、壳聚糖-皂土作为澄清剂对蜂蜜菊芋酒进行澄清处理,筛选澄清剂并确定最佳澄清工艺。结果表明,蜂蜜菊芋酒的最佳澄清剂为壳聚糖-皂土复合澄清剂;通过正交试验得到蜂蜜菊芋酒的最佳澄清工艺为:壳聚糖添加量0.06%,皂土添加量0.10%,澄清温度35℃。通过澄清处理过的蜂蜜菊芋酒于室温存放6个月后,透光率高达91.6%,无沉淀,澄清效果好。     

不同澄清剂对椪柑酒澄清效果研究

利用壳聚糖、明胶、蛋清液、琼脂及壳聚糖-明胶复合澄清剂对椪柑发酵原酒进行澄清处理,测定椪柑酒的吸光度、透光率,并观察沉淀和椪柑酒颜色的变化情况。结果表明,5种澄清剂的澄清效果优劣顺序依次为壳聚糖琼脂壳聚糖-明胶复合澄清剂明胶蛋清液,最佳澄清方式为椪柑酒中添加4%的壳聚糖溶液(1%),透光率达到96%,形成沉淀较为紧实,所得椪柑酒澄清透亮,酒体为金黄色。     

采前喷硼和采后壳聚糖涂膜对龙眼品质及耐贮性的影响

在龙眼假种皮发育期间,树冠喷施硼营养剂和清水2次,并在果实采收时进行浓度为3g/L、6g/L的壳聚糖溶液涂膜处理,以探讨硼营养和壳聚糖对龙眼果实品质和耐贮性的影响。结果表明：采前喷硼改善了龙眼果实的内在品质,提高了果实的耐贮藏性;采后壳聚糖涂膜处理都明显提高了贮藏期间龙眼果实的好果率、降低失重率,有效减缓了果肉营养成分的变化,其中采前喷硼和采后壳聚糖涂膜相结合处理的效应优于其它处理,但两个浓度壳聚糖处理产生的效应差异不明显。     

壳聚糖对梨汁澄清效果研究初报

果汁澄清技术是果汁加工的关键技术之一。着重研究壳聚糖澄清梨汁的工艺参数及条件：通过单因素实验研究壳聚糖添加量、澄清时间、果汁温度对梨汁澄清度的影响,选出较合适的工艺参数：壳聚糖添加量0.20 g/L,澄清时间1.0h,果汁温度35℃;然后又通过正交实验对壳聚糖澄清梨汁的工艺条件进行优化。试验结果表明：在温度35℃、壳聚糖添加量为0.28g/L、澄清1.0h的条件下,所得梨汁透光率达到97%以上,梨汁澄清透明、色泽自然、梨香浓郁。     

壳聚糖对石榴果汁澄清效果的影响

利用壳聚糖的絮凝作用对壳聚糖在甜石榴汁澄清中的应用效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,壳聚糖用量为0.3g/L、澄清时间为60min、温度为35℃时,甜石榴汁透光率可达85%以上,且通过对壳聚糖处理前后可溶性固形物、总酸、VC等营养成分含量的比较,确定以上工艺参数为甜石榴汁澄清的最佳选择。     

正交试验优化慈姑甘蔗汁澄清工艺

为探究慈姑甘蔗汁的澄清工艺,以透光率为指标,选取瓜尔豆胶、明胶、羧甲基纤维素钠及壳聚糖,通过单因素试验结合正交试验,研究澄清剂对慈姑甘蔗汁澄清度的影响。结果表明,慈姑甘蔗复合饮料澄清的最佳工艺条件为瓜尔豆胶添加量0.04%,明胶添加量0.20%,羧甲基纤维素钠添加量0.25%,壳聚糖添加量0.03%,具有较好的澄清效果。     

苹果梨果汁澄清工艺研究

以透光率为考察指标,采用超声波协同壳聚糖、活性炭澄清处理苹果梨果汁,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验筛选苹果梨果汁最佳澄清工艺。结果表明,苹果梨果汁澄清最佳工艺为:壳聚糖添加量0.3%,活性炭添加量4%,超声功率600 W,处理温度35℃,超声时间40 min,在此条件下,苹果梨果汁澄清效果最佳,透光率可达93%。     

枸杞多糖提取液的澄清工艺研究

研究温度、处理时间、卡拉胶与壳聚糖配比、溶液pH值几个因素对澄清枸杞多糖提取液的影响,并由单因素试验结果构建L9(34)正交试验对上述因素进行优化。结果表明,各因素对提取液透光率影响的顺序为溶液pH值卡拉胶与壳聚糖配比温度,且前二者影响显著(p0.05)。最优澄清条件为卡拉胶与壳聚糖配比1.5∶0.5,溶液pH值4.5;当温度为50℃时,提取液透光率为92.07%,澄清效果好。     

冷冻干燥速溶蛋花汤的加工技术

介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。     

Measuring of Quantity of Matter-mass and the Measuring of Inertia of Matter-momentclm

A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed.     

香蕉遗传转化方法研究进展

香蕉是热带亚热带发展中国家重要的粮食作物和碳水化合物来源。但近年来,香蕉生产受到严重的病虫危害。大多数香蕉栽培品种是三倍体,生长周期长,而且不孕。由于没有种子,给繁殖和育种带来一定的困难。遗传转化技术的发展为香蕉品种的改良提供了一种有效的手段。香蕉的遗传转化方法有电激法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等。农杆菌介导法的应用是香蕉品种改良的一个重大突破。香蕉遗传转化的外植体也发展到多种,有原生质体,胚性细胞悬浮系,分生组织,以及横切薄片等。近几年,随着分子生物学的发展,出现了转化效率更高,重复性更好的香蕉遗传转化技术。如农杆菌和基因枪结合法,离心辅助农杆菌介导法、真空渗透技术等。这些新技术新方法的出现,必将推动香蕉产业高速发展。     

新疆布尔津县土地利用格局特征研究

基于RS与GIS技术,利用景观生态学理论及景观格局指数对布尔津县土地利用现状进行定量分析。结果显示为：（1）布尔津县以草地、林地为主要景观类型,镶嵌着耕地、水域等景观类型。（2）四个分区（即高山区、丘陵区、平原区、荒漠区）的林地资源组成差异明显,耕地、居民、交通及工矿用地集中分布在丘陵区和平原区（3）从各项指数来看,高山区的多样性指数较低;平原区是受人文因素最多的区域,景观优势度低,各种土地利用类型比例差异不大,有利于生态可持续发展,但要合理的开发利用;荒漠区生态环境相对脆弱,要加强生态环境的保护与改善。通过该研究对布尔津县的土地利用现状作一个了解,为该县乃至整个地区的景观规划和可持续发展战略提供科学依据。     

酸枣幼根原生质体的制备

以生长6～9 d的酸枣种子幼根为试验材料,0.7 mol·L-1甘露醇作为渗透压稳定剂、pH值5.5～6.0、28℃恒温水浴条件下,以光学显微镜观察的水解总时间、初始产生原生质体的时间、原生质体产量及细胞碎片量为指标,研究通过酶水解来制备酸枣幼根原生质体的方法.结果表明,在含1％果胶酶+4％纤维素酶R-10+3％纤维素...     

影响核桃贮藏品质因素的分析

介绍了几种核桃贮藏方法,综述了影响核桃贮藏品质的几个主要因素,以及针对上述影响因素提出若干解决对策.     

Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower

Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha⁻¹, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha⁻¹, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha⁻¹ for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment.     

Establishment of High-frequency Regeneration System of Explants of Alfalfa

The cotyledon and hypocotyl of eight varieties of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. )are used to study the effect of different cultivation procedures and genotypes on embryogenic callus and embryoid induction,plant development and transplant of alfalfa.The varieties of alfalfa with high embryoid induction rate and high differentiation rate are screened. A high frequency regeneration system for alfalfa tissue culture is established:which is benifical to the gene transformation of alfalfa.     

Laboratorial Method of Determining Limit of Yielding of Material

Based on the relation between the incipient yield pressure and the limit of yielding in cylinder according to the elastic disabled rule, a laboratorial method of determining limit of yielding of material is designed and a set of experimental data were gained by the method. The incipient yield pressure of the cylinder is gained by analyzing the experimental data, and then the limit of yielding is gained. The laboratorial method has a good reliability as the experimental value has a little error to the theory value. It has a definite engineering signification and theory value to research the mechanical capability of material and the disabled rule of high pressure vessel.