反刍动物亚急性瘤胃酸中毒的发病机制及其营养调控方法

反刍动物亚急性瘤胃酸中毒是现代化集约养殖中的一种代谢障碍性疾病,严重危害反刍动物的生长健康和产品质量,给养殖企业带来了较大的经济损失。因此,采取积极有效的预防和治疗措施对畜牧业的健康发展尤为重要。文章就反刍动物亚急性瘤胃酸中毒的危害、病因、临床表现及营养调控方法进行阐述,以期为反刍动物亚急性瘤胃酸中毒的预防提供科学、合理的营养调控方法。[关键词]反刍动物|瘤胃|酸中毒|营养调控     

预防亚急性瘤胃酸中毒的营养调控措施

高淀粉、低纤维日粮已成为当前高产奶牛或育肥牛羊的典型营养特征,在提高生产效益的同时,也会增加亚急性瘤胃酸中毒的发病率。本文分析了亚急性瘤胃酸中毒的发病机理、负面影响,并总结了其营养调控措施,旨在为养殖业预防瘤胃酸中毒提供理论参考。     

奶牛亚急性瘤胃酸中毒的发病机理及其营养调控措施

高淀粉含量的谷物精料能够为奶牛提供较多的能量,因此在奶牛的泌乳期,往往会加大其饲喂比例,但奶牛摄入高含量的精饲料后会导致瘤胃内挥发性脂肪酸和乳酸的含量上升,pH下降,从而引发奶牛亚急性瘤胃酸中毒。此病在临床上没有明显的症状,不易发现,还容易诱发乳房炎、肝脏损伤、蹄炎等多种疾病,给奶牛养殖业带来较大危害。本文对奶牛亚急性瘤胃酸中毒的定义、危害,以及目前行业内较为认可的引发奶牛亚急性瘤胃酸中毒的三种学说进行了概述,同时对预防该病的营养调控措施进行了综合讨论,以期为奶牛场预防亚急性瘤胃酸中毒提供理论参考,促进奶牛养殖业的健康发展。     

反刍动物瘤胃酸中毒的发病机制及其营养调控

瘤胃酸中毒是反刍动物常见的一种代谢病。其产生的主要原因是日粮中含有大量易发酵的碳水化合物,饲料或者日粮粗纤维含量较低,导致瘤胃产生酸性物质过多,引起瘤胃微生物区系失调和瘤胃功能紊乱。本文就反刍动物瘤胃酸中毒的发病机制及其营养调控措施作一综述。     

反刍动物瘤胃甲烷生成的营养调控研究进展

反刍动物排放的甲烷是温室气体主要来源之一,在瘤胃发酵过程中2％～12％的日粮总能以甲烷的形式被损失掉.营养调控会影响瘤胃发酵模式和终产物类型.目前,甲烷减排的日粮营养调控策略主要包括调整日粮结构、提高牧草质量、使用瘤胃发酵调节剂、添加植物次生代谢产物和化学抑制剂等.文章综述反刍动物甲烷排放现状、瘤胃甲烷生成机制和甲烷减...     

反刍动物瘤胃酸中毒的研究现状

反刍动物采食了大量难以消化的粗硬饲料或容易膨胀发酵的精料所引起的疾病,以往均属于瘤胃积食的范畴。但从40年代开始,国外学者发现反刍动物过食谷物饲料(高碳水化合物饲料)后,可以导致瘤胃酸中毒。其后国内外许多学者先后对本病进行了研究,特别是70年代后,各国学者对该病的病因、发病机理和临床表现进行了更深入地探     

不同释放速度瘤胃调控剂对瘤胃亚急性酸中毒体外发酵参数的影响

本试验通过在体外构建瘤胃亚急性酸中毒(SARA)模型,来研究不同释放速度的瘤胃调控剂对SARA体外发酵特性及牛链球菌数量的影响.选取3头育肥期并安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的宣汉黄牛,于晨饲2h后采集瘤胃内容物,滤液作为体外发酵液的接种物,通过添加玉米与白酒糟(1∶1)的方式诱导体外发生SARA.借助于构建成功的SARA体外模型...     

反刍动物发生瘤胃酸中毒的营养机制及其防治

瘤胃酸中毒是危害反刍动物常见的一种代谢病。其产生的主要原因是反刍动物日粮中含有大量易发酵的碳水化合物饲料或者日粮粗纤维含量较低,导致瘤胃产生乳酸过多,引起瘤胃微生物区系失调和瘤胃功能紊乱而造成的。本文就酸中毒的发病机理、防治措施等几方面进行了论述。     

The monitoring, prevention and treatment of sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA): a review

Sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) has become an increasing problem in well-managed, high yielding dairy herds and the monitoring of groups of cows for signs of the condition is now crucial. Rumenocentesis may be ethically questionable but the technique remains the most reliable means of diagnosing SARA. Continuous measurement of ruminal pH may however be possible in the future. Parameters reflecting the metabolic acidosis caused by SARA are also promising tools, and measurement of milk fat content may be useful in individual mid-lactation cows although it is less valuable for bulk tank milk samples. The prevention of SARA includes the establishment of feeding and management guidelines seeking to minimize rumen acidotic load. Regular monitoring may facilitate early recognition of the condition and limit economic losses. Some degree of SARA may however be inevitable and presents a challenge to the dairy industry as consumers become increasingly concerned about the welfare of production animals.     

反刍动物瘤胃酸中毒研究进展

反刍动物瘤胃酸中毒是养殖过程中常见病之一,严重危害动物的健康生长,甚至导致死亡.因此,积极开展综合防治对策尤为重要.文章综述了瘤胃酸中毒的病理机制和瘤胃酸中毒的预防措施,为反刍动物提供科学合理的饲养管理方案和畜牧业的健康发展提供参考.     

D-Lactic acidosis in calves as a consequence of experimentally induced ruminal acidosis

In order to test the hypothesis that ruminal drinking in calves can lead to D-lactic metabolic acidosis, ruminal acidosis was induced in nine calves by intraruminal application of untreated whole milk via a stomach tube. The amount of the daily force-fed liquid was 3 x 1 l. The experimental design called for an end of intraruminal applications if two or more of the following signs were observed: severe depression, estimated degree of dehydration >10%, absence of sucking reflex, lack of appetite for two consecutive feedings, severe metabolic acidosis with calculated Actual Base Excess (ABE) <-15 mmol/l. The procedure was scheduled to be discontinued on the 17th day of experiment. The onset of ruminal acidification occurred rapidly, and mean pH value fell from 6.70 (+/-0.48) to 4.90 (+/-0.38) after the first application. The following days the pH values varied between 4 and 5. Rumen acidity was characterized biochemically by a significant increase in both isomers of lactic acid. The effects of the intraruminal administration on the calves were detrimental; eight of nine calves showed an acute disease process. According to the pre-established clinical standard, seven of nine calves were removed from the intraruminal feeding schedule. All but one of the calves developed severe systemic acidosis. The increase in anion gap demonstrated the net acid load. In all the calves D-lactate levels were found to show a significant and rapid increase. On the contrary, L-lactate never deviated from physiological levels. These observations confirm that, in young calves as in adult cattle, ruminal acidosis may lead to a clinically manifested D-lactic metabolic acidosis.     

绵羊瘤胃酸中毒的诊疗

绵羊主要由于过食玉米、小麦等谷物饲料,于瘤胃内高度发酵,产生大量乳酸而致代谢性酸中毒.报告如下.     

反刍动物瘤胃酸中毒发病机理的研究进展

关于瘤胃酸中毒的报道多集中于诊断、防治和调控方面,国内外对其发病机理虽有研究报道,但说法不一,存在争议。文中对其存在的不同观点作了简要综述,以期为进一步明确反刍动物瘤胃酸中毒发病机理提供依据。     

奶牛亚急性瘤胃中毒(SARA)防治措施

奶牛亚急性瘤胃酸中毒(SARA)在临床上发病慢、病程时间长、病症隐匿.在大规模的养殖中,造成经济损失的主要原因不是急性酸中毒,而是亚急性瘤胃酸中毒.SARA造成的经济损失主要表现在产奶量、乳脂率下降和繁殖率低下(Oetzel,2000),主要的临床症状是间歇性腹泻、瘤胃炎、肝脓肿以及蹄叶炎(Kleen等,2003),还表现采食量下降和不稳定,奶牛体况下降等症状.     

Pathomorphologic changes in the ruminal acidosis of sheep]

Acute and subacute and spontaneous rumen acidosis was experimentally induced in 20 sheep and two lambs after feeding of barley, maize or glycose. The inner organs of those animals then were examined for morphological changes. The changes recorded from experimental acidosis were analogous to those observed after spontaneous outbreaks. Hyperaemia and blood leakage were macroscopically observed underneath the rumen mucous membrane which could be easily pulled off. The same signs sometimes were manifest in the third and second stomach as well. Pronounced edemas and hyperaemia occurred in the lungs, meninges (pia mater), and brain, and blood leakage was recorded from the epicardium. The histological findings included epithelial desquamation, infiltration of lymphocytes and leucocytes into rumen and fourth stomach (subacute) hepatitis (in 60 per cent of all cases), physical degeneration in the kidneys, and focal myocarditis (in 50 per cent of all cases). There were hyperaemia, edematisation, and blood leakage in the lungs, perivascular and pericellular edema in the brain, and severe hyperaemia of the meninges (pia mater) and thyroid gland. Those morphological changes were persistent and characteristic. Their relevance to diagnosis of rumen acidosis in sheep is undenied, provided that due consideration is given at the same time to the case history and paraclinical indices.     

反刍动物瘤胃酸中毒及其防治研究进展

瘤胃酸中毒是指反刍动物采食大量易发酵碳水化合物饲料后 ,瘤胃乳酸产生过多而引起瘤胃微生物区系失调和功能紊乱的一种代谢性疾病(Elam ,1 976)。根据酸中毒的临床表现 ,可分为急性酸中毒和慢性酸中毒 ,急性酸中毒表现为瘤胃pH值迅速下降到 5 0以下 ,并伴随着乳酸的大量积累