广粉1号粉蕉组培快繁技术研究

对广粉1号粉蕉腋芽的消毒方法、外植体诱导、幼芽增殖、生根培养进行研究。结果表明,采用75%酒精60 s+0.1%升汞(第1次10 min+第2次10 min)的消毒方法,比较适于广粉1号粉蕉外植体消毒,易获得理想的无菌体系;在不定芽的诱导初期阶段,6-BA浓度采用5.0 mg/L,最适合广粉1号粉蕉外植体的诱导;在幼芽的中高代增殖培养阶段,适宜采用MS+6-BA 4.0 mg/L+AD 3.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L配方;在幼芽的高代增殖培养阶段,适宜采用MS+6-BA 3.0 mg/L+AD 3.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L配方;在幼芽的生根阶段,适宜采用MS+IBA2.5 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L配方,幼苗生根快、根系壮实、发达,成活率高。     

粉蕉新品种“金粉1号”的选育

介绍了金粉1号粉蕉的选育经过、特征特性和栽培技术要点。该品种植株高大粗壮,全生育期18～20个月,可食率77.2%,可溶性固形物26.5%,较抗旱不耐涝,能耐轻霜,抗黑星病、束顶病,易感镰刀菌枯萎病,适宜在广西的南宁市、钦州市、防城港市、北海市、崇左市、玉林市、梧州市、贵港市和百色市等地种植。     

抗枯萎病粉蕉新品种育粉6号的选育

育粉6号是金粉1号粉蕉品种经组培诱变选育出来的抗香蕉枯萎病粉蕉新品种。新植蕉平均株高为335.3 cm,假茎基围、中围为84.2和57.5 cm,分别比金粉1号小27.1%、23.3%和11.5%。成熟果实可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)为28.9%、可滴定酸含量为1.4%、维生素C含量为12.8 mg·100 g-1、还原糖含量为14.4%,可食率为75.5%,风味甘甜无酸,品质优。新植蕉生长周期13～15个月,比金粉1号短2～3个月,宿根蕉生长周期比金粉1号短1～2个月。该品种高抗Foc 4号生理小种(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4),田间枯萎病发病率0.1%～5.0%。果实成熟后期无梅花点,货架期4～6 d。该品种在我国香蕉产区种植均表现出较好的适应性。平均单株产量22.5 kg,单位面积产量42 000kg·hm^-2(1860株·hm^-2)。     

“中粉1号”粉蕉在福建漳州的适应性研究

我国传统上将香蕉品种分为香牙蕉、大蕉和粉蕉(米蕉)三大类。福建省是我国重要的香蕉产区,年种植面积2.93万hm2左右。漳州市是福建省最主要的香蕉产区,以2009年为例,漳州市香蕉种植面积2.44万hm2,产量84.0万t,分别占全省香蕉种植面积及产量     

黄秋葵1号的选育及栽培技术

黄秋葵(Hibiscus esculentus L.)别名秋葵、羊角豆、咖啡秋葵等,原产非洲,目前栽培较多的国家有美国、印度、日本等.我国引入历史较短,部分省市只有小面积栽培.     

京玉1号甜瓜的选育及栽培要点

京玉１号甜瓜的选育及栽培要点１０００８１北京蔬菜研究中心张万清一、特征特性：京玉１号甜瓜是北京蔬菜研究中心最新育成的厚皮甜瓜新品种，经过两年示范试种，表现外观美，洁白如玉，果实园球形，果肉白色，单瓜重０．８～１．２公斤，折光糖含量１４％～１７％。该品...     

无籽西瓜新品种早熟1号的选育

早熟１号是以８９－５－２为母本、８３１６６－４－３为父本育成的１代杂种，具有早熟、高产、优质等特点。果实圆形，瓜皮浅绿色上有清晰的墨绿色条纹，果肉红色，含糖量高，口感好。单瓜重５ｋｇ，一般单产３７００ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２。适宜在北京、天津、山西、河北、辽宁等地区种植。     

鲁厚甜1号品种的选育

鲁厚甜1号（见彩版插9）是山东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所选育的网纹厚皮甜瓜杂交一代新品种，具有优质，丰产稳产，商品性好，适应性广，耐贮运等特点，植株长势较强，易坐果，可多次留果，单果重在1.5kg左右，果实高球形，皮色灰绿，网纹分布均匀，细致美丽；果肉厚，黄绿色，细软多汁，清香可口，可溶性固形物含量在14％以上。适合冬春茬保护地栽培，产量3000kg/667m^2左右。     

粉蕉—果蔗轮作对粉蕉、果蔗生长及产量的影响

针对广西玉林地区特色经济作物粉蕉、果蔗存在严重连作障碍的问题,探索合理轮作模式,采用3年2茬粉蕉+2年2茬果蔗及2年2茬果蔗+3年2茬粉蕉轮作模式,分别以果蔗和粉蕉连作为对照,比较不同轮作模式对粉蕉和果蔗病害发生、产量、品质及经济效益的影响。结果表明,两种轮作模式可有效降低香蕉枯萎病,果蔗宿根矮化病、花叶病发生,轮作处理的粉蕉枯萎病发病率仅0.33%,而连作的枯萎病发病率高达48.67%;轮作的果蔗宿根矮化病和花叶病基本不发生,连作的宿根矮化病发病率27.34%,花叶病发病率21.42%。轮作的粉蕉产量达到53 766 kg/hm²,而连作减产了22.72%;轮作的商品果蔗产量达到194 384.75 kg/hm²,是连作的1.94倍。建议当地在发展特色区域经济作物时采用和推广这两种轮作模式。     

葡萄新品种甬优1号的选育

20世纪90年代初,葡萄品种藤稔曾在我国南方地区广为引种栽培.为了选出葡萄成熟期比藤稔早、丰产性好的品种,我们在藤稔葡萄园进行了芽变选种工作,并选出葡萄新品种甬优1号.     

Growth and development of ovules of banana,plantain and enset (Musaceae)

Sterility has profound effects on the development of reproductive tissues in members of the Musaceae and limits genetic improvement required to deal with new diseases. Ovules of seeded diploid Musa acuminata (AA) and edible triploids (AAA) from the same cytogenetic group, plus edible triploids containing genomes of the M. balbisiana cytogenetic group (AAB, ABB) and the related genus Ensete sp. were studied to determine the effects of sterility on the growth and development of the ovule and its tissues. Specimens were collected from subtropical and Mediterranean environments in Australia.At anthesis, the ovules of triploid plants were 36% larger than the ovules of diploid plants. The diploid ovules ceased growth shortly after the inflorescence emerged from the pseudostem. In contrast, the triploid ovules continued to grow 7–10 days past anthesis, increasing in size by 70%.All ovules of diploid M. acuminata ssp. had an embryo sac at anthesis, against 97% for triploids. At anthesis the embryo sacs in diploid ovules occupied 2.7% of the nucellus compared with 1.5% in triploid ovules. The embryo sacs did not grow between bunch emergence and anthesis, once formed they maintained the same size. Many embryo sacs were not positioned correctly, flush with the nucellar cap. The diploid M. acuminata ssp. had 75% of embryo sacs correctly positioned against 10% in the edible triploids. The proportion of balbisiana genome (B) did not affect ovule or nucellus size or shape, or cell number across the nucellus. It increased the embryo sac presence 96–100% of ovules.The sterile edible triploid bananas have embryo sacs at anthesis but many are incorrectly positioned, which may contribute to their sterility. The balbisiana genome in the edible triploids was associated with a 2.4-fold increase in the number of correctly positioned embryo sacs and this may contribute to the increased fertility associated with the B genome.     

香蕉长果指优质新品种大丰1号的选育

大丰1号是从广东香蕉2号优系18-20组织培养后代中选出的香蕉新品种。平均每个果穗有7.6梳,每个果穗有香蕉130~136根;单果重157.0 g,平均果指长20.9 cm,果指粗11.0~11.2 cm,风味香甜,品质优;可溶性固形物含量20.80%,可溶性糖含量18.03%,蔗糖含量9.87%,还原糖含量8.16%,可滴定酸含量0.28%;株产22.2 kg,在珠江三角洲蕉区,3月种植的6~8片叶龄假植苗,12月底至翌年1月下旬可收获,宿根蕉收获周期间隔为8~9个月;耐寒性稍差,感4号香蕉枯萎病及叶斑病、黑星病等。2007年3月通过广东省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

香蕉优质新品系大丰2号的选育

大丰2号是我们于2002年从香蕉品系4-1(从广东香蕉2号组培苗选出)选出的香蕉优质新品系。香蕉第二梳、中间梳与末梳平均果指长度为21·4cm,单果重167·0g,后熟果实深黄色;香气浓,风味甜,品质优,可溶性固形物含量19·50%;在广东省珠江三角洲地区,12月底至翌年1月下旬收获。     

矮化香蕉新品种‘中蕉11号’的选育

‘中蕉11号’是通过组培苗芽变选种选育出来的矮化香蕉(Musa spp.)新品种,2017年5月获得国家农业部植物新品种权。该品种植株显著矮化,田间假茎高度约175.5 cm,生长势强,叶姿开张,叶片较短而宽,叶柄较短。果穗呈长圆柱状,结构紧凑,梳形整齐,商品性状好。熟果皮为黄色,果肉为黄白色,风味香甜,品质优良,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)为16.2%,可溶性糖含量为16.10%,蔗糖含量为7.32%,可滴定酸含量为0.29%,维生素C含量为103 mg·kg~(-1)。生长周期较短,新植蕉300～330 d,比普通香牙蕉短30～45 d。新植蕉平均株产21.5 kg,666.7 m~2产量约2 580 kg。该品种适宜在全国香蕉主产区推广种植,在偏冷的次适宜区可选择春植大苗。     

Estimating leaf area of plantain

The area of leaves of plantain (Musa acuminata × Musa balbisiana) was traced on graph paper. Then the length (L) and the maximum width (W) were measured. A known leaf area from each leaf was taken and both the sample and the remaining leaf blades were dried and weighed. Using known leaf area and their dry weights, the leaf area of each whole leaf was determined. From the regression equation, a coefficient for estimating the true leaf area from the L × W measurements was determined to be 0.8 (approx.) which was statistically significant (P = 0.05).Using a mathematical method (independent of the first method), the coefficient for estimating the true leaf area of plantain was found to be 0.7854. A significant correlation (r, 0.001 = 0.73) was also found between the area traced on graph paper and that determined using the coefficient 0.8 (L × W).     

高抗枯萎病香蕉新品种佳丽的选育

佳丽(Musa acuminata,AA)香蕉是从泰美人蕉(M.acuminata,AA)不定芽通过⁶⁰Co-γ辐射诱变选育的出香蕉新品种。假茎高2.39～3.31 m,叶姿直立,叶形比为3.23,大叶芽和组培苗的叶子细长,且有紫斑叶,果穗生长位置呈45°。幼果及果轴多茸毛,果形弯,果顶长尖。熟果皮为黄色,果肉为象牙白,肉质结实,风味浓甜,香味浓香。果肉可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)26.6%,可滴定酸含量3.24 g·kg^-1,总糖含量20.3 g·100 g^-1,维生素C含量10.8 mg·100 g^-1,粗纤维含量0.1%。生长周期较贡蕉短,从种植至收获220～270 d,佳丽蕉的挂果期1.5～2.7个月,可宿根栽培,一年可收多造。相较贡蕉,佳丽蕉货架期长,广州夏天可保存3～5 d,冬春可保存5～7 d。相较香芽蕉,佳丽有更好的抗风性。每666.7 m²种植220～280株,单株产6～16 kg。高抗枯萎病1号和4号生理小种,可在香蕉枯萎病区试种推广。     

香蕉WAT1基因的鉴定及表达分析

【目的】基于香蕉基因组数据筛选Walls are thin 1(WAT1)基因,分析它们的序列及表达特性。【方法】以拟南芥WAT1为参考序列,通过本地Blast筛选获得香蕉WAT1基因,分析其核苷酸、启动子及编码蛋白特性,并利用实时定量PCR技术研究其在不同组织部位、不同激素和逆境胁迫处理下的表达情况。【结果】筛选获得5个香蕉WAT1基因(命名为MaWAT1-1~5)。蛋白亚细胞定位预测结果显示,MaWAT1-1、MaWAT1-2、MaWAT1-4主要定位在液泡和细胞膜上,MaWAT1-3主要定位在细胞质和细胞膜,MaWAT1-5定位在细胞膜和叶绿体。基因结构分析和系统进化树分析均将MaWAT1s分为两组,MaWAT1-1、MaWAT1-2、MaWAT1-4聚为一组(含6个外显子和5个内含子),MaWAT1-3和MaWAT1-5归为一组(含7个外显子和6个内含子)。启动子顺式作用元件分析结果显示:MaWAT1s启动子含有大量激素和胁迫响应相关元件。实时定量PCR结果显示,MaWAT1-4在叶片中表达量最高,MaWAT1-1在根和假茎中表达量最高,其余均在根中表达量最高;大多数MaWAT1s的表达受GA3、SA、盐胁迫和干旱等显著诱导,受高温显著抑制,同时部分成员的表达受IAA、ABA、JA、低温、机械损伤和枯萎病影响显著。【结论】MaWAT1s的表达受多种激素和逆境影响显著,可能在香蕉生长发育和抗逆防御反应中发挥着重要作用。     

The effect of humidity in plantain ripening

An examination of the coordination of ripening changes in plantain fruits (Musa AAB, cultivar ‘Apem’) showed that water stress had no effect on the respiratory rate at the climacteric maximum nor on the time between initiation and maximum. Similarly, water stress had little or no effect on the coordination of changes in CO₂ and C₂H₄ evolution, although it slightly increased the magnitude of C₂H₄ production and of the ACC content of the pulp. Stressed and unstressed fruits showed similar synchronised ripening changes after 2 and 3 days from the commencement of the climacteric. However, after 1 day, peel colouration, pulp softening and total soluble solids were less in stressed than in unstressed fruits. The results are discussed in the light of reported work on dessert bananas (Musa AAA cultivars).     

香蕉trihelix转录因子MaGTL1a的分离及特性

【目的】研究香蕉MaGTL1a转录因子的特性及其基因表达规律,探讨MaGTL1a转录因子在香蕉果实成熟过程中的作用。【方法】以香蕉果肉c DNA为模板,采用RT-PCR获得MaGTL1a序列;利用烟草瞬时表达法和酵母系统分析MaGTL1a亚细胞定位和转录调控活性;通过实时荧光定量PCR分析MaGTL1a在香蕉果实成熟过程中的表达;运用烟草BY2悬浮细胞瞬时表达法研究MaGTL1a启动子活性。【结果】MaGTL1a c DNA序列含有1个2 283 bp的开放阅读框,编码761个氨基酸,属于trihelix转录因子的GT-2亚家族;亚细胞定位和转录活性分析显示,MaGTL1a定位于细胞核,并在酵母和植物体内具有转录激活活性;实时荧光定量PCR和启动子活性试验表明,MaGTL1a转录水平和启动子活性均受乙烯诱导,并且MaGTL1a转录水平随着香蕉果实的成熟进程而明显增强。【结论】MaGTL1a是一个受乙烯诱导和核定位的转录激活子,可能参与了香蕉果实成熟的调控。     

5个香蕉品种的假茎对香蕉象甲的诱捕效果比较

【目的】明确5个香蕉品种假茎对2种香蕉象甲的诱捕效果,为利用香蕉假茎防治香蕉象甲这一农业防治措施提供理论依据。【方法】利用香蕉假茎田间诱捕及2种香蕉象甲对香蕉假茎的室内选择反应分析5个香蕉品种假茎的诱捕效果。【结果】田间诱捕试验结果表明,5个香蕉品种假茎对2种香蕉象甲均有有效的诱捕作用,每个诱捕器10 d诱捕量为9.0~18.0,而且‘巴西蕉’和‘宝岛蕉’的诱捕效果显著优于‘海贡蕉’‘广粉1号’粉蕉和‘广东香蕉1号’的诱捕效果;室内选择反应试验结果表明,5个香蕉品种假茎对2种香蕉象甲的诱捕效果高低顺序依次为‘巴西蕉’,‘宝岛蕉’,‘海贡蕉’,‘广粉1号’粉蕉和‘广东香蕉1号’。【结论】5个香蕉品种假茎均可用于防治2种香蕉象甲,但应首选‘巴西蕉’和‘宝岛蕉’。