多胺与植物耐盐性关系的研究

从多胺的种类和状态入手，综述了近20a来多胺与植物耐盐性关系的研究进展。从多胺作为植物激素的媒介、清除自由基和活性氧、渗透调节作用、维持膜的稳定性及抑制乙烯合成等5个方面，系统归纳了多胺提高植物耐盐性的机制。     

多胺型纤维素基螯合纤维的合成工艺与结构表征

将环氧活化的纤维素纤维(CPGMA)分别在水介质和二甲基酰胺(DMF)介质体系中进行多胺化有机合成反应，考察反应介质、胺浓度、反应时间、温度、液比和初始环氧基含量等对胺化反应的影响。研究结果表明：DMF作为反应介质、温度为60℃时最有利于胺化反应进行，纤维增重与胺浓度之间符合线性关系。在DMF介质中，胺化反应在1 h之内达到饱和，反应液比增大不利于胺化反应的进行，CPGMA的环氧基含量越高越有利于胺化反应进行。600℃时，CPGMA(接枝率198%)的残余量为5.1%,而胺化改性后的CPGMA-EDA残余量为16.8%,纤维热稳定性提高。固体核磁¹³C CP/MAS NMR谱图中5′环氧基上的叔碳峰的消失及2′季碳和6′环氧基上亚甲基碳峰强度的减弱，均验证了胺化反应的成功进行。     

植物体细胞胚胎发生中乙烯和多胺作用的研究进展

体细胞胚胎发生作为细胞全能性的一种表达方式,不仅在植物的遗传改良和产业化快速繁殖等方面有着重大实践意义,也是开展植物发育生物学理论研究的理想模型。综述多胺和乙烯在植物体胚发生过程中的作用及其分子作用机制的研究进展,主要涉及多胺和乙烯的合成分解代谢过程、体细胞胚胎发育在相关基因和蛋白质组学等方面的研究进展,为进一步深入了解体细胞胚的发生发育规律及基因调控机制以及建立植物高效再生体系提供参考。     

多胺在植物抗逆中的生理机制

多胺（PAs）是一类低分子量、聚阳离子、脂肪族含氮物质,是植物对逆境响应的重要物质。国内外众多研究表明,在逆境胁迫下,植物体内不同类型的PAs,例如腐胺（Put）、亚精胺（Spd）、精胺（Spm）的含量会发生变化,外源PAs会对植物的抗逆性产生不同的影响。但多胺的研究对象多集中在农作物,对木本植物的研究较少。PAs对植物抗逆的作用机制较为复杂,不同种类的多胺对植物的抗逆影响不同,PAs的代谢与参与逆境胁迫的其他代谢密切相关。文中主要综述PAs在植物抗干旱、低氧、高温、低温、盐、重金属过程中的变化及生理作用机制,以期为开展PAs与抗逆林木研究、栽培与抗逆育种研究提供参考。     

温度、添加浓度和微生物对噻虫胺在稻田土壤中降解的影响

指出了化学农药防治是目前防治稻飞虱的主要方式,但农药的大量使用使稻飞虱产生了抗药性,还造成了其在环境中的残留。针对噻虫胺是防治水稻稻飞虱的常用农药,研究了其在不同温度、添加浓度和土壤微生物对噻虫胺在土壤中降解的影响,得出了以下结论:在15～35℃土壤条件下,随着温度的升高,噻虫胺的降解速率呈先升高后降低的趋势;随着土壤中噻虫胺添加浓度的增加,其在土壤中的降解速率呈下降趋势;土壤经过灭菌处理后,噻虫胺的降解速率慢于其在未灭菌土壤中的降解速率。     

蓝莓坐果率与花柱内源激素和多胺的关联分析

【目的】研究自花授粉与异花授粉后蓝莓花柱中内源激素和多胺含量及生长类激素与抑制类激素的比值的差异情况，为研究其自交不亲和性的生理机制提供理论依据。【方法】以兔眼蓝莓品种‘杰兔’为研究对象，异花授粉的花粉分别来源于兔眼蓝莓品种‘灿烂’和‘粉蓝’，采用高效液相色谱串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)，测定了自花授粉和异花授粉后不同时间的‘杰兔’花柱中吲哚乙酸(IAA)、赤霉素(GA₃)、脱落酸(ABA)、玉米素(ZT)和腐胺(Put)、精胺(Spm)和尸胺(Cad)的含量，在此基础上，对各种内源激素含量比值的差异性进行分析，并对‘杰兔’的坐果率与其花柱中各种内源激素的含量及其比值和多胺含量之间的相关性进行分析。【结果】‘杰兔’的坐果率，自花授粉的显著低于异花授粉的。‘杰兔’花柱中IAA、GA₃和ZT这3种激素和Put的含量，自花授粉的均显著低于异花授粉的；而其花柱中ABA的含量，自花授粉的却显著高于异花授粉的；‘杰兔’花柱中的ABA/GA₃和ABA/ZT之值，自花授粉的均显著高于异花授粉的，而其IAA/ABA和(IAA+GA<...     

卤胺磷木素合成及生物活性研究

以木材化学加工中的废物木素为原料，通过卤化、胺化得到卤胺木素。将卤胺木素与烷氧基氯化物作用得到卤胺磷木素化合物。经生物活性测定，该化合物对真菌类有较强生物活性。     

叶面喷施外源多胺对干旱胁迫下红椿叶片解剖结构的修复效果

为了探讨叶面喷施外源多胺对干旱胁迫下红椿幼苗叶片的解剖结构损伤的修复效果,以2年生红椿家系盆栽苗为研究对象,开展了"干旱胁迫+外源多胺修复处理"试验。通过对叶片解剖结构指标的观测和分析,得出以下结果:1)3种外源多胺溶液对红椿叶片主脉直径的修复调节效果差异极显著(P <0.01);3种外源多胺溶液中,以外源精胺(Spm)溶液对植株的水分运输能力的修复效果最佳。2)3种外源多胺溶液对红椿叶片上表皮厚度起到调节效果差异不明显;3种外源多胺溶液对红椿叶片下表皮厚度修复调节效果差异显著(P <0.05);3种外源多胺溶液对红椿叶片叶肉厚度修复调节效果差异极显著(P <0.01)。结合3个指标响应的综合情况来看,3种外源多胺中以外源亚精胺(Spd)对叶片储水能力修复效果最强。3)3种外源多胺溶液对红椿叶片栅/海绵比值的修复调节效果差异极显著(P <0.01);3种外源多胺溶液中,仅外源Spd溶液对栅/海比值的缓解调节起到了明显的积极作用。     

外源多胺对金矮生苹果座果及花粉萌发的影响

多胺是一类生物体代谢过程中产生的具有较高生物学活性的低分子量脂肪族含氮碱,广泛的存在于生物体内[1].自1678年发现以来,多胺一直被看作是无用的代谢末端产物或废物,没有得到重视;直到1965年,多胺的生物学功能才引起生物学和医学研究者的极大关注[2].国外大量资料表明,多胺对多种果树的座果有促进作用[3～5],但提高幅度与使用时期、使用浓度和多胺种类关系密切,国内相关的报道较少.     

噻托溴胺对COPD患者影响研究

运动耐量降低和劳力性呼吸困难是慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的重要症状，但吸入噻托溴胺可以使之部分缓解。虽然其中的机理是多因素的，其中呼吸动力学的改善可能是最重要的。本文将作这方面的研究。     

Endogenous polyamine concentrations in juvenile, adult and in vitro reinvigorated hazel

We investigated endogenous polyamine concentrations in leaves from juvenile and mature hazel (Corylus avellana L.) shoots, as well as leaves from shoots obtained by both forced outgrowth and micropropagation of adult tissues. To determine if the observed in vitro reinvigoration was associated with polyamine metabolism, we tested the effect of serial subcultures on polyamine concentrations. Polyamines, mostly free putrescine, were higher in juvenile tissues. Adult tissues micropropagated for 14 subcultures had polyamine concentrations characteristic of juvenile tissues. However, with additional subcultures, total polyamine concentrations decreased. The putrescine to spermidine plus spermine ratio was higher in juvenile and micropropagated tissues than in adult tissues, but decreased in micropropagated tissues after 20 subcultures. This ratio may reflect a balance between vegetative growth and reproductive processes. Thus, an analysis of polyamine concentrations may provide a simple assay for determining the juvenility of plant tissues and, hence, their suitability for micropropagation.     

Changes in polyamine concentration associated with aging in Pinus radiata and Prunus persica

Endogenous polyamine concentrations in apical buds of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. 'Hakuho') and monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) seedlings, saplings and mature trees were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection to establish physiological correspondences and disparities between the species. Although there were many differences in polyamine metabolism between peach and monterey pine, several similarities were found. Specifically, in both species, the ratio between concentrations of free polyamines and low molecular-weight polyamine conjugates was greater than and less than unity in juvenile and adult plants, respectively. Free putrescine concentration decreased with age in both species.     

Role of polyamines in peach fruit development and storage

To investigate the role of polyamines in pre- and post-harvest fruit development of 'Akatsuki' peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.) we measured polyamine concentrations, activities of polyamine biosynthetic enzymes and expression of genes encoding these enzymes. Concentrations of the free polyamines, putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) in pre-harvest fruit peaked 16 days after full bloom (DAF) and then progressively decreased until harvest with the exception of Put, which showed a second peak at 94 DAF, just before the onset of ethylene production. In post-harvest fruit, minor changes in concentrations of Spd and Spm were observed, whereas Put concentration peaked on the harvest day, followed by an abrupt decrease and a subsequent 2-fold increase, which was opposite to the fluctuating pattern of ethylene production. Activities of arginine decarboxylase (ADC) and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) peaked during the first stage of fruit development and then decreased until 80 DAF, after which the activities were below detection limits, suggesting that Put is synthesized during the early stage of fruit development. Activity of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) decreased progressively until the end of S2. Expression levels of five putative polyamine biosynthetic genes, ADC, ODC, SAMDC, spermidine synthase (SPDS) and spermine synthase (SPMS), in pre-harvest and post-harvest fruit did not coincide precisely with the observed changes in enzymatic activities and polyamine concentrations. The possible role of polyamines during peach fruit development and the relationship between polyamines and ethylene biosynthesis are discussed.     

Reinvigoration of Pinus radiata is associated with partial recovery of juvenile-like polyamine concentrations

Polyamine concentrations in consecutive radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) grafts of 30-year-old trees on 1-year-old seedling rootstocks were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection to determine whether reinvigoration is associated with the recovery of polyamine concentrations typical of those in juvenile tissues. Reinvigoration of radiata pine was correlated with the attainment of some, but not all, polyamines characteristic of juvenile trees. In response to reinvigoration, free putrescine, the ratio of free polyamines to low molecular weight polyamine conjugates, and the relative content of putrescine versus spermidine plus spermine increased to values approaching those characteristic of juvenile tissue. In contrast, there was no noticeable change in the concentrations of low molecular weight polyamine conjugates during reinvigoration even though these conjugates increased greatly during tree maturation. We conclude that certain polyamines defined as reinvigoration markers can be used in forestry upgrading programs to assess the morphogenic ability of reinvigorated trees.     

Physiological responses of wild type and putrescine-overproducing transgenic cells of poplar to variations in the form and concentration of nitrogen in the medium

We determined: (a) the physiological consequences of overproduction of putrescine in transgenic poplar (Populus nigra x maximoviczii) cells expressing an ornithine decarboxylase transgene; and (b) effects of variation in nitrogen (N) concentration of the medium on cellular polyamine concentration in transgenic and non-transgenic cells. Cells grown in the presence of supplemental (to the normal concentrations of N sources in the growth medium) and reduced amounts of NH4NO3 and KNO3 were used to study effects on membrane permeability, mitochondrial respiratory activity, protein accumulation, growth rates and changes in cellular polyamine concentration. The N concentration of the MS medium was not a limiting factor for continued overproduction of putrescine in transgenic cells. However, continued supplies of NH4+ and NO3- were required to maintain homeostatic amounts of putrescine in both cell lines. The presence of high amounts of putrescine in transgenic cells had significant effects on the physiological parameters measured. Compared with non-transgenic cells, transgenic cells had greater plasma membrane permeability, less tolerance to NH4NO3, more tolerance to KNO3, and accumulated higher amounts of soluble protein.     

不定根发生机理的研究进展

不定根的发生是一个复杂的过程,许多因子在这个过程中起调控作用。文章介绍了国内外关于基因表达、内源激素水平、酶的活性以及多胺水平影响不定根发生机理的研究进展。     

木质素磺酸钠合成水性环氧固化剂的研究

通过曼尼希反应,用木质素磺酸钠改性脂肪族多胺,合成了一种新型的水性环氧固化剂,红外光谱表征了目标产物的结构.通过测试固化体系的邵氏硬度、拉剪强度、正拉黏接强度和耐热性等,研究了NaOH水溶液用量、原料的配比、反应温度、反应时间、固化剂与环氧树脂的配比等对固化体系性能的影响.结果表明:在不使用NaOH水溶液情况下,木质素...     

木本植物再生植株生根的研究进展

木本植物再生植株生根是组织培养植株再生体系建设和快繁技术的瓶颈。笔者从植物生长调节剂、内源激素、植物生长势、酚类化合物、多胺、金属元素、基因转化及其它因素等8个方面综合论述了木本植物再生植株生根的影响因素,并通过多年的林业经验,总结再生植株生根率提高的主要因素,为实现木本植物再生植株生根的工厂化繁育和乡土树种快速繁育提供借鉴。     

植物性别分化研究进展

综述了植物性别分化分子水平上 3个层次的研究进展 ,包括 :分化程序 ,即特定大分子标记物主要是特异蛋白质和同工酶的分析 ;诱导信号 ,即激素和多胺二者的代谢及诱导作用 ;性决定基因的鉴定与表达。