三种观赏植物水培营养液配方初步研究

采用不同配方的营养液对彩叶凤梨、小叶榕和天竺葵进行了水培试验.结果表明:3 种植物对不同配方营养液有不同的适应性,大量元素为11.5 mg/L(以下单位同)NH4 -N 140.2 NO3--N 93.0 P 312.0 P 80.0 Ca 18.3 Mg 45.0 S的营养液(pH 6.12,EC 为1.32 ms/cm)较适合彩叶凤梨和小叶榕的生长,而天竺葵在大量元素为21.0 NH4 -N 137.2NO3--N 44.5 P 265.2 K 92.0 Ca 36.0 Mg 48.0 S的营养液(pH5.60,EC 为 1.35 ms/cm)中生长最好.     

银川地区水质的非洲菊沙培营养液配方筛选研究

应用三元二次通用旋转组合设计,采用沙培方法,在二代节能日光温室内研究了营养液配方中的NO₃-N、P、K的摩尔浓度对非洲菊产量的影响。结果表明:3个元素对非洲菊产量的影响大小顺序是:氮>磷>钾;通过计算机模拟寻优,非洲菊单株最高产量8.65枝/株时,NO₃-N、P、K 3个因子营养液的最优配方为:12、1.5、4mmol/L。     

设施黄瓜砂培营养液配方筛选试验

采用三因素五水平通用旋转组合设计,在现代日光温室内研究了营养液配方中不同摩尔浓度的NO3--N、P、K对黄瓜产量的影响,得到了三者之间的回归方程,依此进行分析。结果表明:3个元素对黄瓜产量的影响大小顺序是:氮磷钾;通过计算机模拟寻优,黄瓜达到单株最高产量1 395.97 g时,营养液中NO3--N、P、K最优配方为:15、1.0和6.0 mmol/L。经过验证,最优配方处理A、B的株高、茎粗、生长势、产量、品质表现相对优于对照。     

不同氮形态对沙培黄瓜幼苗生长及养分吸收的影响

以黑龙江主栽黄瓜品种"津春3号"为试材,采用盆钵培养的方法,研究了营养液中不同NO3--N与NH4+-N配比对黄瓜幼苗生长及氮、磷养分吸收的影响。结果表明:沙培条件下,营养液中氮的总浓度为15mmoL/L时,随着营养液中NH4+比例的增加,幼苗长势随之变弱;全NO3--N处理的幼苗叶面积、干重及壮苗指数分别是全NH4+-N处理的1.92、2.12与3.07倍;氮形态对幼苗地上部全氮含量与硝酸还原酶活性无显著影响,而对幼苗地上部全磷含量影响显著,全NO3--N处理的幼苗磷含量显著高于全NH4+-N处理,为全NH4+-N处理的2倍;受NH3毒害,全NH4+-N处理的幼苗根系活力显著下降,地上部游离氨基酸含量显著上升。全NO3-处理对黄瓜幼苗生长最有利。     

水培生菜氮磷钾产量模型的构建与分析

为定量揭示水培生菜产量对营养液主要营养元素氮磷钾浓度的关系,以香港"玻璃脆"散叶生菜为试材,设置不同氮磷钾营养液配方,采用三因素(N、P、K)五水平二次通用旋转组合设计试验,分析了水培生菜在前、后期氮磷钾对产量的影响,建立了生菜产量对三因素的回归数学模型。结果表明:前期三因素对产量的影响顺序是NKP,后期为NPK;各因素间存在着交互作用,营养液中氮离子浓度和钾离子浓度均呈正相关,磷离子与钾离子浓度均呈负相关;在生长前期,当氮磷钾浓度分别为8.46、0.62、2.57mmol·L~(-1)时,产量最高为12.26g·株~(-1);在生长后期,当氮磷钾浓度分别为4.65、0.69、2.43mmol·L~(-1)时,产量最大为88.27g·株~(-1)。     

不同浓度营养液对蕹菜生长的影响

本试验采用不同营养液对蕹菜的株高、叶量生长状况的研究,探索蕹菜生长发育的最佳营养液配方。结果表明:在一定的浓度范围内营养液中的大量元素浓度高(配方2),缩短蕹菜的生长周期;在一定的浓度范围内营养液中大量元素的浓度低(配方4),延长蕹菜的生长周期。结论:营养液中的大量元素对蕹菜生长有利;在蕹菜无土栽培中营养液的大量元素含量在配方2的浓度蕹菜生长最好。     

不同氮磷钾配比对仙客来生长的影响

对仙客来无土栽培营养液中N、P、K元素采用三因素二次D-饱和最优设计,探讨不同浓度氮磷钾对仙客来生长发育的影响,对仙客来的根长、根体积、球茎直径、花朵数、花瓣长、可溶性糖含量、MDA含量、蛋白质含量、叶绿素含量进行分析。结果表明:经方差分析和主成分分析得出,无土栽培仙客来氮、磷、钾最优组合方案为:86.6~263.4、60~100和250~400 mg/L,即氮:磷:钾为3∶1∶6.5。     

氮磷钾化肥配施对花生产量的影响

在测定土壤肥力的基础上，选定邹城市花生地进行效应函数法配方试验，以找出不同N、P、K用量与花生产量的关系，明确最高施肥量和最佳施肥量，提供花生专用配方肥参数。试验发现氮、磷、钾配合施用仍是花生取得高产的有效措施。氮、磷、钾化肥对花生产量的影响程度为：P〉N〉K。建议供试土壤的施肥配方为：N：P2O5：K2O=1：0．5～0．6：0．4～0．5．     

不同施肥水平对连葱9号产量的影响

采用四因素水平正交试验设计,研究了连葱9号高产栽培氮、磷、钾合理施肥技术参数。结果表明:施用单一元素的增产效果为NKP;多元素配合施肥增产效果为N+P+KN+PP+K;氮、钾二元素对连葱9号产量和品质影响大。在每667m2洋葱产量5000kg左右时,配方以N 25~30kg、P2O515~20kg、K2O 20~25kg为宜,增施有机肥应适当降低氮磷钾用量。     

优太功能肥对红富士产量及商品性的影响

作物生长需要16种营养元素,其中碳(C)来源于空气中的二氧化碳(CO2),氢(H)和氧(O)来源于大气降水,氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)称为大量元素;硼(B)、锰(Mn)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、、钼(Mo)、铁(Fe)、氯(Cl)元素,作物需要量小,称作微量元素;钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、硫(S)元素需要量介于中间,称中微量元素.除碳、氢、氧外,作物生长所需要的氮、磷、钾等矿质营养主要从土壤吸收获得,施肥是补充植物生长所需矿质营养的重要手段.根据土壤中各种矿质营养的含量和植物生长所需的矿质营养制订科学的配方,按配方施肥能明显的提高作物的产量和品质.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.