鸡新城疫二价油乳剂灭活苗的研制及免疫效果观察

用NDLasota弱毒株、NDV地方分离株(F基因VII型)—HDl,分别接种鸡胚,收集尿囊液,制备病毒抗原液,福尔马林灭活后按一定比例混合,与白油佐剂乳化成油包水型乳剂疫苗。对二价苗各项技术指标进行了测定,证明本疫苗安全、无副作用,接种后3周产生免疫保护,攻毒保护率为100%,接种2周后通过免疫抗体检测,NDHI抗体效价达8log2。本疫苗在河南汤阴一些种鸡场和蛋鸡场应用,获得了满意效果,有效的控制了ND的发生与流行。     

鸡新城疫二价油乳剂灭活苗的研制及免疫效果观察

用NDLasota弱毒株、NDV地方分离株(F基因VII型)-HD1,分别接种鸡胚,收集尿囊液,制备病毒抗原液,福尔马林灭活后按一定比例混合,与白油佐剂乳化成油包水型乳剂疫苗。对二价苗各项技术指标进行了测定,证明本疫苗安全、无副作用,接种后3周产生免疫保护,攻毒保护率为100%,接种2周后通过免疫抗体检测,NDHI抗体效价达8log2。本疫苗在河南商丘一些种鸡场和蛋鸡场应用,获得了满意效果。     

鸡新城疫-传染性支气管炎-传染性法氏囊病三联灭活疫苗对不同日龄雏鸡的免疫效力研究

为评估鸡新城疫(ND)-传染性支气管炎(IB)-传染性法氏囊病(IBD)三联灭活疫苗对不同日龄和不同水平母源抗体雏鸡的免疫效力和持续期,本试验用该疫苗免疫7、14、21日龄SPF雏鸡和有母源抗体的普通雏鸡,免疫后采血测定ND血凝抑制抗体(HI Ab)、IB血凝抑制抗体(HI Ab)及IBD中和抗体(NA),并用传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)强毒攻击。结果显示,7日龄SPF雏鸡免疫后21 d ND HI抗体、IB HI抗体及IBD中和抗体效价分别为7.9log2、6.9log2和14.1log2,SPF鸡日龄越大,抗体水平越高;28日龄SPF鸡免疫后3个月,0.3 mL免疫剂量组试验鸡ND HI、IB HI及IBD中和抗体效价分别达6.5log2、6.1log2和13.6log2,IBDV攻毒保护率均为100%(10/10);不同日龄普通雏鸡免疫效果与SPF鸡试验一致,抗体水平随鸡日龄增大而升高,IBD攻毒保护率也都达到100%(10/10)。试验结果证实,鸡新城疫-传染性支气管炎-传染性法氏囊病三联灭活疫苗可使7、14及21日龄SPF雏鸡和普通雏鸡产生良好的免疫力,对雏鸡的免疫期至少为3个月。     

鸡新城疫二价油乳剂灭活苗的研制及免疫效果观察

用NDLasota弱毒株、NDV地方分离株(F基因Ⅶ型)-HDl，分别接种鸡胚，收集尿囊液，制备病毒抗原液，福尔马林灭活后按一定比例混合，与白油佐剂乳化成油包水型乳剂疫苗。对二价苗各项技术指标进行了测定，证明本疫苗安全、无副作用，接种后3周产生免疫保护，攻毒保护率为100％，接种2周后通过免疫抗体检测，NDHI抗体效价达810g2。本疫苗在河南汤阴一些种鸡场和蛋鸡场应用，获得了满意效果，有效的控制了ND的发生与流行。     

鸡新城疫－传染性支气管炎－传染性法氏囊病三联灭活疫苗对不同日龄雏鸡的免疫效力研究

为评估鸡新城疫（ND）-传染性支气管炎（IB）-传染性法氏囊病（IBD）三联灭活疫苗对不同日龄和不同水平母源抗体雏鸡的免疫效力和持续期,本试验用该疫苗免疫7、14、21日龄SPF雏鸡和有母源抗体的普通雏鸡,免疫后采血测定ND血凝抑制抗体（HI Ab）、IB血凝抑制抗体（HI Ab）及IBD中和抗体（NA）,并用传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）强毒攻击。结果显示,7日龄SPF雏鸡免疫后21 d ND HI抗体、IB HI抗体及IBD中和抗体效价分别为7.9log2、6.9log2和14.1log2,SPF鸡日龄越大,抗体水平越高;28日龄SPF鸡免疫后3个月,0.3 mL免疫剂量组试验鸡ND HI、IB HI及IBD中和抗体效价分别达6.5log2、6.1log2和13.6log2,IBDV攻毒保护率均为100%（10/10）;不同日龄普通雏鸡免疫效果与SPF鸡试验一致,抗体水平随鸡日龄增大而升高,IBD攻毒保护率也都达到100%（10/10）。试验结果证实,鸡新城疫-传染性支气管炎-传染性法氏囊病三联灭活疫苗可使7、14及21日龄SPF雏鸡和普通雏鸡产生良好的免疫力,对雏鸡的免疫期至少为3个月。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒超强株VP2基因重组新城疫病毒胚胎免疫安全性及效力试验

为研制能够同时预防传染性法氏囊病(IBD)和新城疫(ND)的疫苗,本研究选用表达IBD病毒(IBDV)超强毒株(vvIBDV)VP2基因的重组ND病毒(NDV)LaSota疫苗株(rL-VP2),测定其半数鸡胚感染量、平均鸡胚致死时间、脑内接种指数和静脉内致病指数等指标,按不同剂量接种18胚龄SPF鸡胚,分别于出雏后第9d、第14d和第21d采血,用微量凝集法和ELISA方法测定血清中抗NDV抗体和抗IBDV抗体水平,并于出雏后28d用NDV强毒(F48E9株)和vvIBDVGx株攻毒,评估重组疫苗的胚胎免疫效果。结果显示:按104EID50/枚剂量进行免疫不会影响SPF鸡胚出雏率和出雏后21d存活率,并且该免疫组雏鸡能够对NDV强毒和vvIBDV攻毒提供安全的免疫保护。     

鸡新城疫-传染性支气管炎-禽流感(HH9亚型)-传染性法氏囊病四联灭活疫苗的研究

为研制鸡新城疫(ND)-传染性支气管炎(IB)-禽流感(AI,H9亚型)-传染性法氏囊病(IBD)四联灭活疫苗,用易感鸡胚增殖NDV La Sota株、IBV M41株及AIV H9亚型WD株,用DF-1细胞增殖IBDV BJQ902株,收获病毒液,经浓缩、灭活后,制成3批油乳剂灭活疫苗。按照《中国兽药典》对疫苗进行检验。结果显示:3批疫苗的性状检验、装量检验、无菌检验、甲醛、汞类防腐剂残留量测定和安全性检验均合格。效力检验显示:NDV血凝抑制(HI)效价为6.0～6.2 log2;IBV HI效价二免是首免的8.00～13.92倍;AIV(H9)HI效价8.8～9.1 log2;IBDV中和抗体效价15.7～16.1 log2。攻毒后免疫鸡均100%保护(10/10),对照鸡全部发病(5/5)。研究结果表明制备的四联苗安全有效、免疫效力高,为该疫苗的产业化开发提供了依据。     

鸡新城疫-传染性法氏囊病-禽流感(H9亚型)三联灭活疫苗的研究

为研制鸡新城疫(ND)-传染性法氏囊病(IBD)-禽流感(AI,H9亚型)三联灭活疫苗,用新城疫病毒(NDV)La Sota株及H9亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)WD株分别接种易感鸡胚培养,用传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)BJQ902株接种DF-1细胞培养,收获病毒液,经超滤浓缩、甲醛灭活后,加入油佐剂乳化制成3批疫苗。对3批制品进行了检验,其性状检验、装量检查、无菌检验、甲醛、汞类防腐剂残留量测定均符合要求,鸡对疫苗无任何不良反应。效力检验结果显示:ND部分以20μL/只剂量免疫,血凝抑制(HI)效价达5.6~6.1 log_2,攻毒后均能提供100%保护;IBD部分以0.5 mL/只剂量免疫,中和抗体效价达16.0~16.4 log_2,攻毒后均能提供100%保护;AI(H9亚型)部分以0.3 mL/只剂量免疫,HI效价达8.7~9.0 log_2,攻毒后均能提供100%保护。试验结果证实,研制的疫苗安全、免疫效力高。     

H9N2亚型禽流感疫苗株的筛选

为了筛选免疫原性更好的H9N2亚型禽流感病毒疫苗株。本研究在分析H9N2病毒HA基因遗传进化规律基础上,对预选的毒株进行血凝效价(HA)、鸡胚半数感染量(EID50)测定及交叉血凝抑制试验,筛选出疫苗用毒株进行免疫攻毒保护试验。结果显示,CK/AH/AJ3/15株HA效价达11 log2、EID50值为9.17 log10/0.1 mL,有很好的繁殖能力;对当前流行株的HI反应效价比疫苗株F/98高2-3个滴度;以CK/AH/AJ3/15株制作灭活疫苗,整体保护率达到97.5%,比F/98疫苗株的85%明显提高。表明CK/AH/AJ3/15株可以作为H9N2亚型禽流感新型疫苗株的候选株。     

新流二联浓缩疫苗的应用效果

通过使用新城疫和禽流感的二联浓缩疫苗免疫生产鸡群，分别在免疫后的不同时间进行翅静脉采血，检测鸡群中ND、AI（H9）HI的血清抗体水平。结果显示，免疫组鸡的抗体效价3周达到高峰，ND达到8log2以上，AIH9达到9log2以上，维持在较高水平达20周以上。结果表明浓缩疫苗在肉种鸡上的应用效果较好。     

不同苜蓿品种对主要苜蓿病害的田间抗病性调查

以田间发病率和病情指数为指标,在甘肃榆中县品种比较试验田,对12个紫花苜蓿(Medica-go sativa)品种进行了抗霜霉病(Peronospora estioalis)、白粉病(Leueillula leguminosarum)、褐斑病(Pseudopeziza medicaginis)的调查。结果表明,不同苜蓿品种对抗霜霉病的表现为甘农5号、苜蓿王、驯鹿、游客、中兰1号的病情指数分别为8.1、8.1、8.0、2.5、1.1,属高抗品种;哥萨克的病情指数为45.0,发病率为75.6%,属高感品种。对抗白粉病的表现,驯鹿的病情指数4.2,为高抗品种;阿尔冈金、甘农5号为抗性品种;而哥萨克、苜蓿王、德宝的病情指数分别为25.6,23.9和15.6,均属感病品种。对抗褐斑病的表现,新疆大叶、甘农3号、皇后的发病率分别为90.0%,88.9%和76.7%,为高感品种。     

鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎、传染性法氏囊病三联弱毒疫苗的试制

用同胚培养的鸡新城疫Lasota株和传染性支气管炎H120（或H52）株以及用鸡胚成纤维细胞增殖的传染性法氏囊弱毒株以适当比例混合为抗原,用蔗糖脱脂乳作保护剂,经真空冷冻干燥制成三联弱毒疫苗。通过三批疫苗室内外各项指标的测试,表明该三联疫苗安全性能可靠,免疫效果确实,使用方法简便。在实验室进行的物理性状检验、无茵检验、支原体检验、剩余水分检验、真空度检查均符合国家标准;用10倍大剂量接种15日龄雏鸡无不良反应;以常规量颈部皮下接种免疫后,7d产生免疫力,免疫后14d抗鸡新城疫、鸡传染性支气管炎、鸡传染性法氏囊病三株强毒攻击的保护率均为,100％。对15日龄雏鸡首免,其免疫期至少为30d,在-25℃保存期为1年。     

Progressive Juvenile Glomerulonephropathy in 16 Related French Mastiff (Bordeaux) Dogs

Background: Familial juvenile glomerulonephropathy (JGN) is reported in several breeds of dogs. The mode of inheritance and spectrum of pathological lesions vary among breeds. A progressive JGN was detected in a pedigree of French Mastiff (FM) dogs. Objectives: To describe clinical, laboratory, and histopathologic findings in related FM dogs suffering from progressive JGN and to determine the mode of inheritance of this condition. Animals: Sixteen affected and 35 healthy related FM dogs Methods: FM dogs <24 months of age and diagnosed with chronic kidney disease with evidence of proteinuria entered the study. Clinical, laboratory, histopathologic findings, and pedigree data were recorded. Results: Clinical signs were typical of progressive glomerulopathy with resultant renal failure. Increased blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and total cholesterol concentrations, and proteinuria were found in all patients. Affected dogs had abnormal kidney structure on abdominal ultrasound examination. Histopathologic examination revealed extensive cystic glomerular atrophy, glomerular hypercellularity, and capillary wall thickening without immune complex deposition when tested with immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence. Electron microscopy did not disclose specific primary glomerular lesions. Mean age at death was 20 months and mean length of survival after diagnosis was 6 months. Both males and females from healthy parents were affected. An autosomal recessive mode of transmission is suspected, but a more complex mode of inheritance cannot be excluded. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Progressive familial JGN occurs in FM dogs. Characterization of the pathogenesis and mode of inheritance of this disease warrants additional study.     

Recognition and diagnosis of lysosomal storage diseases in the cat and dog

Lysosomal storage diseases are rare, inherited disorders caused by the deficiency of 1 or more enzymes within the lysosomes of cells or by the deficiency of an activating protein or cofactor necessary for enzyme activity. The enzyme deficiency leads to a catabolic blockade and subsequent accumulation of storage material, and this in turn leads, albeit indirectly, to a wide array of clinical signs. Many features of storage diseases make them difficult to recognize and diagnose. In this review, we summarize the clinical features of these diseases and outline the steps required to confirm a diagnosis.     

马立克氏病的发病机理及马立克氏病疫苗的免疫机理

本文综述了马立克氏病（MD）的发病机理和MD疫苗的免疫机制，表明IFN-γ的NO在MD致病机理中具有重要作用，它们在MDV溶细胞感染过程和潜伏感染过程中抑制了病毒的复制；特异性和非特异性免疫反应参与了疫苗免疫的过程，细胞毒性T细胞（CTLs）在特异性免疫反应中具有特别重要的作用。     

A variant form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in American bulldogs

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are inherited neurodegenerative diseases characterized by accumulations of autofluorescent lipopigments within cells of the nervous system. Nine related American Bulldogs demonstrated dysmetria in all limbs and paraparesis. Nonambulatory tetraparesis was observed only in the later stages of the disease. The clinical signs developed between 1 and 3 years of age and were slowly progressive over several years, which is inconsistent with most reports in other breeds. Results from blood tests for 8 different lysosomal storage diseases on 4 affected and 6 related but unaffected dogs were negative. Four affected dogs were euthanized and histopathologic examinations showed diffuse accumulations of periodic acid-Schiff-positive inclusions in neurons and axonal spheroids along the entire neuraxis and retinae. The most severe lesions were in the brainstem proprioceptive nuclei and spinal cord, consistent with clinical signs. The storage material was autofluorescent and immunohistochemically positive for products of lipid peroxidation. Ultrastructural analysis was consistent with NCL. Pedigree analysis supports an autosomal-recessive mode of inheritance. NCL has not been previously reported in the American Bulldog and these findings suggest a variant form of the canine disease.     

桑树病原原核生物及其病害的研究进展(Ⅱ)

前文报道了原核生物界薄壁菌门中引发桑疫病、桑青枯病、桑枝软腐病、桑枯萎病、桑叶斑病的病原细菌及其病害的研究进展。本文介绍原核生物界软壁菌门中引发桑萎缩病、桑皱褶花叶病和疵壁菌门中引发桑叶日灼病等的病原菌分类演变及其侵染循环,桑树发病规律与病害防治方面的主要研究进展,其中对桑萎缩病进行了重点介绍,内容涵盖国内外学者近一个世纪的研究成果。