The duodenum: An uncommon site of surgical lesions

It is fortunate for the horse that duodenal lesions requiring surgical correction occur infrequently. Despite being an uncommon site of obstruction, palpation of the duodenum should be part of a complete surgical abdominal exploration. Horses with proximal obstruction typically have large volumes of reflux following passage of a nasogastric tube. Biochemistry abnormalities may include hypochloraemia and hyperglycaemia particularly with a complete or strangulating obstruction. Early surgical treatment of a duodenal volvulus may result in a favourable outcome.     

Effect of sampling site on the diagnosis of canine parvovirus infection in dogs using polymerase chain reaction

BackgroundAccurate diagnosis is imperative in dogs with clinical signs of parvovirus infection (CPV‐2).ObjectivesTo assess quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) for the diagnosis of CPV‐2 infection, and determine the optimal sampling site. Secondarily, to compare qRT‐PCR with a point‐of‐care PCR kit (PCRun), and to assess sensitivity of serology for CPV diagnosis.AnimalsSixty dogs with naturally acquired parvovirus infection, 44 unvaccinated puppies, of which 16 were followed after first and second vaccination, 15 adult dogs, of which 10 were followed also after a booster vaccine, and 9 dogs with distemper virus infection.MethodsProspective study. Samples from the rectum, blood, and pharynx were obtained for PCR.ResultsAll dogs with a clinical diagnosis of parvovirus infection were positive by qRT‐PCR in at least 1 sampling site (ie, rectum, blood, pharynx), and 50 (83%) of 60 were positive in all sites. qRT‐PCR was negative in 67 (99%) of 68 healthy puppies (before‐vaccination), puppies with distemper, and healthy adult dogs. Ten days after initial vaccination of puppies, 62% (fecal), 31% (blood), and 12% (pharyngeal) of samples were positive for CPV‐2 on qRT‐PCR. The proportion of positive pharyngeal samples decreased 20 days after vaccination and all sites were negative 12‐28 days after second vaccination. Vaccinated adults were negative before and after booster vaccination.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMolecular detection of CPV is sensitive, but specificity is hampered temporarily during the vaccination period. Blood, feces, and pharynx are suitable sampling sites. Fecal samples had the lowest sensitivity in sick dogs and highest positivity in puppies after vaccination.     

The impact of gastrointestinal parasites infection on slaughter efficiency in pigs

The aim of the present study was to determine an influence of parasites invasion on fodder consumption and slaughter yield of fatteners in three different maintenance systems. The experimental part of the study was conducted on pigs farm producing in a close cycle. The study on internal parasites of fatteners were conducted based on coproscopic methods. In order to describe the relationship between following variables: meatiness, slaughter yield, fodder consumption and mean EPG value, the principal component analysis (PCA) was used. The analysis between fodder consumption and maintenance system and fodder consumption and helminths infection did not demonstrate any significant relationship. The analysis between slaughter yield and meatiness and an infection demonstrated in turn a decrease in both parameters values in the two maintenance systems, i.e. in fatteners kept on litter meatiness decrease in infected fatteners of 4.2% and yield of 1.7%. On slatted floor meatiness decrease in infected fatteners of 6.1% and yield of 2.7%. The decreasing tendency in meat content (3.7%) and in slaughter yield (1.1%) was also observed in fatteners maintained on deep litter, however the values were not significant statistically.     

Prevention and surveillance of surgical infections: A review

Optimal patient care cannot be realized without effectively managing risks related to healthcare‐associated infections (HAI). Among human hospital admissions in the United States in 2002, there were approximately 4.5 HAI per 100 admissions, with surgical site infections (SSI) accounting for an estimated 20%, or approximately 2 SSI per 100 procedures. When considering the occurrence of disease in a population, it is important to remember that disease does not occur randomly in populations. Therefore, when thinking about managing risks associated with the occurrence of SSI, consideration should be given to key factors in disease development (the agent, the host, and the environment), and a multifaceted approach to prevention efforts should be considered, including the identification of high‐risk populations, adherence to aseptic principles, judicious use of antimicrobial drugs, and surveillance targeting SSI to better inform infection control practices within a facility. Although not all HAI are preventable, it is important to focus efforts on the preventable fraction and to take all reasonable precautions to mitigate foreseeable risks.     

犬细小病毒病的诊断与治疗

犬细小病毒病在临床上常表现为剧烈呕吐，腹泻，血痢等症状，和犬的其它传染病难以区分，易造成临床误诊，延误病情而导致患病犬严重脱水，中毒，全身衰竭而死亡。通过临床症状，病理剖检和实验室检查对其进行了诊断并运用特异性疗法加“一消二止三补”的综合治疗方法治疗，取得了较好的治疗效果。科学的饲养管理和严格的预防措施是防制该病的根本。     

The diagnosis of ringworm infection in small animals

Reliable figures for the incidence of dermatophyte infections of small domestic animals are not available for the United Kingdom.     

猫硬膜内髓外脊髓肿瘤的MRI诊断及手术治疗

介绍1例猫椎管内硬膜内肿瘤的诊断与治疗。患猫临床检查体温、呼吸、心率均正常;血常规、生化检查结果显示正常;头颈部MRI检查,在第2至第3颈椎之间硬膜内明显可见一占位性团块,SE序列T1加权像呈现稍高信号,FSE序列T2加权像呈现稍低信号,且前段脑脊液积聚,轴位T1加权像显示正常,脊髓被团块压迫出现变形;SE序列Gd-DTPA增强扫描可见该团块强化明显。综合各项检查结果诊断为硬膜内肿瘤,遂进行颈部背侧椎板切除手术,切除肿瘤,患猫术后恢复良好。肿瘤病理组织学检查显示为肉瘤。     

A review of multidrug resistant surgical site infections.

Surgical site infections caused by bacteria that are resistant to multiple classes of antimicrobials are an important and increasing problem in veterinary medicine. Organisms such as methicillin-resistant staphylococci, extended spectrum beta-lactamase Enterobacteriaceae and multi-drug resistant Enterococcus, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas spp. are among the current concerns; however, the emergence and dissemination of other multi-drug resistant organisms will likely follow. Despite the negative connotations that are associated with multi-drug resistant infections, most infections are potentially treatable if basic principles of infection treatment and infection control are followed.     

The laboratory diagnosis of Orthopoxvirus infection in the domestic cat

Twenty-eight cases of naturally occurring feline Orthopoxvirus infection were diagnosed by combinations of virus isolation, electron microscopy, agar gel precipitation, histopathology and serology. Twenty-five of 28 cases were positive by virus isolation on the chorioallantoic membrane of hens' eggs and in tissue culture, 22 of 28 by electron microscopy, three of five by histopathology, none by agar gel precipitation, and 17 of 17 by serology. The techniques used are described, and the results compared and discussed.     

Newer diagnostic and surgical techniques and their impact on anesthesia.

There are several newer diagnostic and surgical techniques available to veterinarians today. Careful anesthetic management is essential when using these modalities both to avoid accidents and to enable their use. For example, total intravenous anesthetic techniques can be used if the airway is occupied by an endoscope or laser surgery is being performed in the airway. The anesthesiologist must also be aware of the physiological changes that may occur during procedures such as laparoscopy and act to minimize their impact on patients.