微生态制剂及其在畜牧业中的应用前景

微生态制剂是在微生态理论指导下发展起来的一种新型活菌制剂,本文主要从微生态制剂的发展历史,使用菌种与分类,作用机理、影响微生态制剂作用的因素和当前存在问题等五个方面对微生态制剂在畜牧业中的应用与研究现状进行了论述对其未来发展进行了展望。     

微生物饲料添加剂的科学使用

1 微生态制剂的科学合理使用及注意事项 微生态制剂具有无毒副作用、促进动物生长、提高饲料转化率、可替代抗生素等优点。但由于存在菌种的筛选、活菌数、菌种的失活、杂菌含量的多少、使用条件等问题而导致微生态制剂活性降低，使用效果的重复性和稳定性较差或时好时坏等。因此在养殖生产或饲料生产中为了确保微生态制剂的使用效果，应科学合理使用，并从以下几方面着手。     

犬用微生态制剂研究进展

微生态制剂是一种无毒、无污染及无残留的绿色饲料添加剂,已经广泛应用于畜牧养殖上。微生态制剂应用于宠物狗上的研究较少,对犬用微生态制剂菌种、存在问题及发展发向进行综述。     

禽用微生态制剂的研究和应用现状

文章对微生态制剂(主要是活菌制剂)的作用机理、选用菌种、制作工艺、生态学效应研究、微生态制剂在国内禽业生产中的研究应用以及实际应用过程中出现的问题等方面的内容进行了阐述。总结了微生态制剂生产的关键方法和生态学效应研究手段,并就微生态制剂生产和使用过程中存在一些问题提出了解决思路。对微生态制剂未来的发展做出了展望。     

饲用微生态制剂的研究与应用

微生态制剂是在微生态理论指导下发展起来的一种能够通过改善微生态环境和维持微生态平衡，达到促进畜禽健康为目的的一种新型活菌制剂，本主要从微生态制剂的发展历史、使用菌种与分类、生产工艺、作用机理、使用效果、注意事项和当前所存在的问题等七个方面对微生态制剂在畜牧业中的研究与应用现状进行了论述。     

动物微生态制剂存在的问题及改进措施

针对动物微生态制剂存在的问题,从微生态制剂的选种、培养、剂型设计、工艺条件及贮存等方面提出了一些改进措施:提高活菌含量应注意菌种的筛选、保存、培养、发酵、干燥等过程,寻找耐药菌株和设计合理剂型有利于发挥疗效,加强质量监控将保证微生态制剂的质量.     

不同菌种微生态制剂的区分应用

1 从菌种自身特点上区分 在目前应用的主要菌种中，乳酸杆菌属和粪链球菌属为肠道正常存在的微生物，属于厌氧性微生态制剂，正常备禽肠道厌氧菌占99％。在所有国内生产的微生态制剂中，乳酸菌没能成为主推菌种的原因是，乳酸菌包被问题不能解决，乳酸菌的存活率低。瑞士百福门公司生产的赐美健系列属于四层包被微生态，适度条件下，年菌种死亡率不超过10％．属于畜禽饲养中片选最佳微生态产品。     

健康养殖生物技术问答

1.我国饲料添加剂中允许使用的微生物菌种有哪些?我国《饲料添加剂品种目录(2010)》(征求意见稿)中允许添加的微生物菌种见表1。2.采购微生态制剂产品时应该注意哪些问题?(1)了解产品的技术背景。选择正规厂家生产、技术实力雄厚,特别是与资深微生态专家合作,或与科研院所合作的企业生产的微生态制剂产品。(2)了解菌种组成成分、特性、主要生产工艺。微生态制剂的质     

饲用微生态制剂菌种的分类与特性

微生态制剂作为一种活菌类饲用添加剂,因其特有的有无毒、无不良反应、无残留、不会使机体产生耐药性及不会对环境造成污染等优点,已经越来越受到关注,并且已经在畜牧业中得到广泛的应用。但是目前市场上的微生态制剂种类繁杂,使用效果参差不齐,究其原因都是由于生产厂家在选择用于生产微生态制剂的菌种的过程中的疏漏造成的。探究如何选择合格的用于生产微生态制剂的微生物菌种,及目前我国用于饲用微生物添加剂生产的主要菌种及其特性。     

浅谈对微生态制剂的看法

<正>微生态制剂,也叫活菌制剂,是指运用微生态学原理,利用对宿主有益无害的益生菌或益生菌的促生长物质,经特殊工艺制成的制剂。应用的比较多的有芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、酵母菌、双歧杆菌等,有单一菌种,也有复合菌种。目前微生态制剂己被应用于饲料、农业、医药保健和食品等各领域中。近几年来,家禽家畜养殖业中微生态制剂已经在逐步地取代传统的添加剂。尤其现在抗生素的使用越来越受限制,肠道保健越来越重要,微生态的使用必将越来越广泛。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.