Analysis of the 96 most often cited articles published in veterinary journals in 2002 and 2003

The study concerned 123 Journals of the category "Veterinary Sciences" as defined in the Journal Citation Reports (Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), Philadelphia, USA). Using Web of Knowledge (ISI, USA), update December 3, 2005, articles published in 2002 and 2003 and cited 20 times or more were selected. The total number of selected articles was 96. They were published in 34 out of the 123 journals. Based on the country of the first author, the articles originated form 24 countries. Forty-nine of the 96 articles (51%) were written in only two countries being England (15) and the USA (34). The articles could be classified in six categories being immunology (21), microbiology and directly related subjects (48), prions and prion-induced diseases (5), reproduction (23), toxicology (3), and miscellanea (11). The category "microbiology" (48) was divided into six subcategories: general (1), bacteriology (17), mycology (3), parasitology (5), protozoology (6), and virology (5). Some articles were classified in more than one (sub)category.     

基于Web of ScienceTM数据库的苹果研究文献计量学分析

苹果作为我国重要的经济作物,对促进农业的发展、农民增收具有重要的作用。本文选择Web of Science数据库,对苹果研究的作者、国家、机构、载文期刊及主要研究内容开展了发文量和引证分析。结果显示中国和美国苹果的研究比较广泛。两个国家的发文量较大,占总发文量的32.6%,美国发文3903篇,中国发文1450篇。在13个发文大于150的机构中,美国占7个,中国2个。发文60篇以上的核心作者共16位,美国8位,中国3位。苹果研究的相关文献在美国出版的刊物上发表较多,国内的研究人员可以参考发表。     

Accuracy of data in abstracts of veterinary ophthalmology research articles published in peer-reviewed journals

Objective

Assess the accuracy of abstracts in published veterinary ophthalmology articles.

Procedures

Abstracts and contents of 204 original research articles in veterinary ophthalmology published in seven peer-reviewed journals between 2016–2020 were reviewed. Abstracts were considered inconsistent if they contained data that were either missing from or inconsistent with corresponding data in the article's body. Each abstract was graded between 0 (inaccurate) to 3 (accurate), and each inconsistency was subjectively classified as minor or major. The influence of selected variables was assessed: journal, impact factor, year of publication, number of words in abstract, study type (prospective/retrospective), and characteristics of the corresponding author [institution (academia/private practice), country of domicile (native/non-native English), number of publications].

Results

Most abstracts were accurate, with 1%, 4%, 9% and 86% receiving a score of 0, 1, 2 and 3, respectively. When detected, most inconsistencies were considered minor (77%). Although not statistically significant (p ≥ .130), the proportion of articles with a perfect score (=3) was higher in prospective (88%) vs. retrospective (81%) studies, academia (88%) vs. private practice (78%), and studies from corresponding authors domiciled in English (89%) vs. non-English (83%) speaking countries. A significant but very weak (r = −0.15 to −0.19; p ≤ .034) negative correlation was found between accuracy score and number of words, as well as 1-year and 5-year impact factors.

Conclusions

Although relatively uncommon, data in abstracts that are inconsistent or missing from the article's body do occur in veterinary ophthalmology articles, and could adversely influence a reader's interpretation of study findings.     

Cellular and cytokine kinetics after epicutaneous allergen challenge (atopy patch testing) with house dust mites in high-IgE beagles

The cellular and cytokine dynamics of reactions triggered by atopy patch testing with house dust mites were studied in six high-IgE beagles. Sites were scored and biopsied at 6, 24, 48, and 96 h, and samples were processed for histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All dogs developed positive reactions at some point in time. Mean clinical scores were significantly higher than baseline at 24, 48, and 96 h. Clinically, one of six dogs had a positive reaction at 6 h; two of six reacted at 24 and 48 h, and five of six at 96 h. Histologically, superficial perivascular mononuclear and granulocytic dermatitis developed (5/6) after 6 h, and progressed in severity at 24 h (6/6). Additionally, at 48 h epidermal spongiosis, hyperplasia and pustules developed (5/6), and were marked at 96 h (6/6). At and beyond 6 h, progressive CD1c-positive epidermal Langerhans cell hyperplasia with cluster formation and dermal dendritic cell infiltration was noted. Cutaneous infiltration of CD3-positive T lymphocytes with epidermal clusters developed over time. mRNA expression for the cytokines gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12p35, IL-13, IL-18, and thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC) exhibited significant increases during the challenge compared to baseline, but there was no appreciable alteration in expression for tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-12p40, IL-10, regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), IL-5, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-8. No correlation was detected between clinical scores and cytokines. It is concluded that IL-6 plays a role in early reactions followed by an increase of TARC and IL-13, while IL-18 progressively increases in later reactions.     

Meat juice ELISA for determination of Salmonella incidence in slaughter pig herds in Bavaria

Meat samples from diaphragm pillars were randomly taken from 3,048 pigs of 52 Bavarian herds after slaughtery. Meat-juice was collected and tested for salmonella antibodies in an indirect ELISA. The number of samples was calculated according to the annual production of slaughter pigs of a farm outlined in the "Leitlinien für ein Programm zur Reduzierung des Eintrags von Salmonellen durch Schlachtschweine in die Fleischgewinnung" from February 05th, 1998 (< 100 slaughter pigs: 45 samples, 100-200 slaughter pigs: 50 samples, > 200 slaughter pigs: 60 samples per year). Salmonella antibodies were detected in 48 carcasses (1.6%) of 12 farms (23.1%). However, 33 (68.8%) of these carcasses were originated from a single farm which had to be classified into category III (prevalence of > 40% in the samples). No bacteria could be isolated from this farm in a follow up examination. The 51 other farms (98%) were classified into category I (prevalence of < 20% in the samples). Farms with in/out-management showed a higher degree of reagents (2.1T%) than farms with continuous stabling (0.8T%). In a pig experimentally immunized with LPS-antigen preparations of Salmonella typhimurium it was shown that antibodies induced were nearly at the same level in all meat samples and even in selected organs (liver, kidney, parotis, mesenteric lymph nodes).     

Swine influenza surveillance in East and Southeast Asia: a systematic review

East and Southeast Asia are important pig- and poultry-producing areas, where the majority of production takes place on small-scale farms with low biosecurity levels. This systematic review synthesizes data on swine influenza virology, serology and epidemiology in East and Southeast Asia. A total of 77 research articles, literature reviews and conference papers were selected and analyzed from 510 references retrieved from PubMed and ISI Web of KnowledgeSM. The number of published articles increased in the last 3 years, which may be attributed to improvement in monitoring and/or a better promotion of surveillance data. Nevertheless, large inequalities in surveillance and research among countries are underlined. Virological results represent the largest part of published data, while the serological and epidemiological features of swine influenza in East and Southeast Asia remain poorly described. The literature shows that there have been several emergences of swine influenza in the region, and also considerable evidence of multiple introductions of North American and avian-like European strains. Furthermore, several avian-origin strains are isolated from pigs, including H5 and H9 subtypes. However, their low seroprevalence in swine also shows that pigs remain poorly infected by these subtypes. We conclude that sero-epidemioligical investigations have been neglected, and that they may help to improve virological surveillance. Inter- and intra-continental surveillance of gene flows will benefit the region. Greater investment is needed in swine influenza surveillance, to improve our knowledge of circulating strains as well as the epidemiology and disease burden in the region.     

Analysis on Outputs of Dendritic Cells Research Papers Based on Web of ScienceTM

This paper analysed the outputs of dendritic cells research articles based on Web of Science^TM from 2006 to 2015 in order to know more about the overview of the global "dendritic cells"research.According to Web of Science^TM core collection,the direction of research,countries/regions,scientific research institutions,key journals and the published articles of authors and top 10 cited articles were analysed using the title of dendritic cells.The United States was the leading country in the field of dendritic cells.In the quantity of paper,USA toped the list,followed by Germany and China.The core journal about dendritic cells research was "Journal of Immunology".Number of papers published in the first three were Inserm,University of Pittsburgh and Harvard University.Number of papers published in the former two were Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Zhejiang University in the domestic.The most citation paper was from University of Oxford.The direction of research about dendritic cells were mainly concentrated in immunology,cell biology and oncology.So the main target of the study of dendritic cells in China was the United States,the key research directions were immunology,cell biology and oncology.     

First cases of animal diseases published in 2005

In 2003, Veterinary Quarterly started with the publication of a series of articles reviewing reports on "first cases" of animal diseases. Till now six articles have been published. They were arranged in order of animal species. Each article concerned only one species. Starting at this seventh publication, each article discusses "first cases" on more than one animal species. In this article 15 cases published in 2005 are discussed: one in birds, two in cats, three in cattle, four in dogs, two in goats, one in hares, and two in horses. Of each case a short introduction, the bibliographical data of the publication, the abstract of the author(s) (except one case) and some additional information (mainly) derived from the article are given.     

Incidence of exertional rhabdomyolysis in polo horses in the USA and the United Kingdom in the 1999/2000 season

A questionnaire was used to determine the incidence of exertional rhabdomyolysis and the factors that might have contributed to its occurrence among 423 polo horses in 11 yards. The yards were selected at random, six of them with 111 horses, in north-eastern USA, and five with 312 horses in south-east England. During the 1999/2000 season the incidence of the condition was 7.3 per cent (9 per cent in the USA and 6.7 per cent in England). The incidence in mares was similar in the two countries, 8.4 per cent in the USA and 8.0 per cent in England, but the incidence in geldings in the USA (10 per cent) was much higher than in England (1.5 per cent). A more excitable than average temperament was reported in 71 per cent of the horses with the condition, and most cases occurred after a game (chukka) in which the horse was perceived to be not fit enough for the level of play demanded. Sixty-four per cent of the cases occurred early in the season and on average each episode resulted in the loss of 7.6 training days.     

Feline nasal and paranasal sinus tumours: clinicopathological study, histomorphological description and diagnostic immunohistochemistry of 123 cases

Histological examination was performed in 123 cats with primary nasal and paranasal sinus tumours; 117 had undergone surgical biopsy and six necropsy. Special stains and immunohistochemistry were performed on poorly differentiated cases. Ninety-two percent (113/123) of the tumours were malignant. There was an increased risk for old cats (mean age of 10.9 years), and a male predilection (59% males). Clinical signs and breeds varied with the histological type of tumour. Thirty-nine percent (48/123) of the cases presented with nasal discharge, 21% (26/123) with dyspnea, 20% (24/123) with facial swelling, and 15% (19/123) with epistaxis. Forty-three percent (53/123) of the tumours were of epithelial origin. Adenocarcinomas (18/53) and squamous cell carcinomas (17/53) were the most common epithelial tumours. Fifty percent (26/53) of the epithelial tumours originated from the pseudo-stratified respiratory epithelium of the nasal cavity, 28% (15/53) from the stratified squamous epithelium of the vestibule, 9% (5/53) from olfactory epithelium, 9% (5/53) from submucosal glands and 4% (2/53) from minor salivary glands. Malignant lymphoma (35/123) was the most common tumour. Seventy-one percent (25/35) of the malignant lymphomas were B-cell tumours and 29% (10/35) were T-cell tumours. Six cases of malignant lymphomas were proved to be epitheliotropic T-cell lymphomas. This is the first report of a primary nasal epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma in cats.     

Postweaning mulstisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs and porcine circovirus (PCV). An indexed bibliography

Summary This bibliography contains the bibliographic data, including the abstracts (if available), the post addresses and as far as available also the E-mail addresses of the authors, of 177 articles on postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs and porcine circovirus (PCV). The bibliography concerns the period 1982-2002. The vast majority of the articles (151 of 177 being 85%) were published in the period 1998-2002. All publications except one are taken from easily accessible journals. The exception concerns reference 52 being the first report on PMWS, which has been published in a congress proceedings. To improve the accessibility of the bibliography five indices are given referring to the authors, the subjects, the serials, the years of publication and the countries.     

Fluorometric assessments of viability and mitochondrial status of boar spermatozoa following liquid storage

A study was conducted to assess viability and mitochondrial status of boar spermatozoa stored at 5 degrees C and 16 degrees C. Gel-free ejaculates, collected from 3 mature boars, were extended in a standard diluent (K3) supplemented with a low-density lipoprotein fraction (LDF) isolated from egg yolk, and stored for 96 h at 5 degrees C and 16 degrees C. Motility analysis was conducted after semen dilution (D0) and on D1-D4 of storage. A double staining method, rhodamine 123 (R123) and propidium iodide (PI), was used to assess sperm viability and mitochondrial status. Sperm viability was also assessed using Hoechst 33,258 (H33258) stain. In fresh semen samples, the percentage of motility was significantly correlated with the percentage of viable spermatozoa with functional mitochondria (R123-PI), viable spermatozoa determined by H33258 staining and ATP content (r = 0.88, p < or = 0.01; r = 0.69, p < or = 0.05; r = 0.77, p < or = 0.01, respectively). The ATP content was also positively correlated with the percentage of viable spermatozoa with functional mitochondria (r = 0.76, p < or = 0.01). Sperm cells progressively lost motility, viability and mitochondrial capacity when stored in the supportive media at 5 degrees C and 16 degrees C. Motility estimates were lower (p < or = 0.05) than the percentage of viable spermatozoa with functional mitochondria during storage in K3 and LDF-based diluents on D4 and D3-D4, respectively. Deterioration in motility and membrane integrity was less marked in spermatozoa stored in LDF-based diluents. Spermatozoa doubly-stained with R123-PI appeared to possess some functional mitochondria, particularly in LDF-based diluent semen. Estimates of sperm viability, as determined by R123-PI staining, were equivalent (p > or = 0.05) to estimates made using H33258 staining. A decrease in mitochondrial activity, as measured by R123 uptake, was accompanied by lower ATP content in spermatozoa stored in K3 and LDF-based diluents after 48 h and 72 h of storage, respectively. Fluorometric measurements of viability and mitochondrial status of boar spermatozoa during liquid storage seem to provide reliable information about the sperm functional membranes.     

Conception rates in ewes after AI with ram semen preserved in milk-egg yolk extenders supplemented with glycerol

This study aimed at comparing the effect of ram semen preserved at 5°C on two milk‐based extenders (UHT skim milk or INRA‐96^®, 5% egg yolk) supplemented with 2% glycerol, and the preservation time (24 and 48 h) on conception rates after cervical AI of ewes. In two field trials, 1198 Merino ewes were cervical AI in spontaneous oestrus. In Experiment 1, pooled semen (6 rams) was extended in UHT‐base (fresh, control) or chilled for 24 h in UHT5Y (UHT‐base 5% egg yolk), INRA5Y (INRA‐96^® 5% egg yolk), UHT5Y2G (UHT5Y 2% glycerol) or INRA5Y2G (INRA5Y 2% glycerol). In Experiment 2, AI was performed with pooled semen (7 rams) used fresh (extended in UHT‐base or UHT5Y2G, control groups) or chilled (extended in UHT5Y2G) for 24 or 48 h. Conception rate was determined by ultrasound 40 days after AI. INRA‐96^®– had similar conception as UHT‐preserved semen (56.7 vs 55.4%, p > 0.05). Addition of 2% glycerol did not modify the results (56.8 vs 55.2%, p > 0.05). Fresh semen extended in UHT‐base, and UHT5Y2G yielded similar conception rates (60 vs 64%, p > 0.05). Preservation for 24 or 48 h in UHT5Y2G gave similar results (49 vs 47%; p > 0.05). In conclusion, ram semen chilled for 24 h in UHT‐ or INRA‐96^®‐based extenders yielded similar results, and glycerol addition did not have a detrimental effect. UHT5Y2G might be used to extend ram semen for fresh AI, or to preserve it for 24 or 48 h with acceptable results.     

Investigation of genotype by country interactions for growth traits for Charolais populations in Australia,Canada, New Zealand and USA

Evidence of heterogeneity of parameters and genotype by country interactions was investigated for birth weight (BWT), weaning weight (WWT) and postweaning gain (PWG) between Australian (AUS), Canadian (CAN), New Zealand (NZ) and USA populations of Charolais cattle. An animal model was fit to data sets for each individual country to compare the within-country parameter estimates for homogeneity. The direct heritability estimates of BWT in AUS (0.34) and NZ (0.31) were less than CAN (0.55) and USA (0.47). Maternal BWT heritabilities (0.13–0.18), direct WWT heritabilities (0.22–0.27), and maternal WWT heritabilities (0.12–0.18) were similar across all four countries. Direct PWG heritability for AUS (0.14) was smaller than the same estimate in the other three countries (0.24–0.31). The phenotypic variances for all three traits were similar across AUS, CAN and USA; however, NZ was higher for BWT and WWT and lower for PWG. A multiple trait animal model that considered each trait as a different trait in each country was also fit to the data for pairs of countries. Direct (maternal) estimated genetic correlations for BWT for AUS–CAN, AUS–USA, USA–CAN, NZ–CAN and NZ–USA were 0.88 (0.86), 0.85 (0.82), 0.88 (0.82), 0.85 (0.83), and 0.84 (0.80), respectively. Direct (maternal) estimated genetic correlations for WWT for AUS–CAN, AUS–USA, USA–CAN, NZ–CAN and NZ–USA were 0.96 (0.91), 0.95 (0.90), 0.95 (0.91), 0.95 (0.92), and 0.95 (0.92), respectively. Direct estimated genetic correlations for PWG for AUS–CAN, AUS–USA, USA–CAN, NZ–CAN and NZ–USA were 0.89, 0.91, 0.94, 0.90, and 0.91, respectively. The magnitude of the across-country genetic correlations indicates that genotype by country interactions were biologically unimportant. However, strong evidence exists for heterogeneity of parameters across the countries for some traits and effects. Therefore, combining these countries into one single analysis to produce a common set of genetic values will depend on the development of methods to adjust for heterogeneous parameters for models containing both direct and maternal effects, and for circumstances where constant variance ratios or heritabilities are not present across populations.     

Biochemical alterations in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in experimental acidosis in goats

Experimental acidosis was induced in six goats aged between one and two years by administration of whole wheat grain at 100 g kg-1 bodyweight given intraruminally. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from these goats before administration of wheat grain (0 hour) and thereafter at 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hour intervals. These were analysed for serum enzyme activities and physicochemical characters of CSF. Significantly (P less than 0.05) higher activities of amylase (at 12 hours), lactate dehydrogenase (12 to 48 hours), creatine phosphokinase (12 to 48 hours), aspartate aminotransferase (12 to 24 hours), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (12 to 96 hours) were found in serum samples of acidotic goats. Changes in CSF included decrease of pH and chloride content and higher glucose values. No difference was seen in the physical character of CSF collected at different time intervals from acidotic goats.     

A retrospective analysis of radiation oncology related scientific articles in the journal Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound: Trends over 40 years (1976‐2015)

The journal Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound is a veterinary specialty journal devoted to the fields of veterinary diagnostic imaging and radiation oncology. The purpose of this retrospective, observational study is to evaluate progressive trends in radiation oncology articles published in Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound during the 40‐year period (1976‐2015) and describe a shift of trends through several viewpoints. This 40‐year period was divided into four subperiods: Period 1 (1976‐1985), Period 2 (1986‐1995), Period 3 (1996‐2005), and Period 4 (2006‐2015). These articles were divided into six categories based on the nature of the study: 1) studies related to teletherapy with endpoints being patient outcome, 2) radiation therapy dosimetry/planning, 3) patient setup, 4) reviews, 5) case reports, and 6) others. The number of radiation oncology articles in Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound has increased over the 40‐year period. The number of authors per article has increased between Periods 1 and 3. The number of articles related to linear accelerator has increased between Periods 3 and 4. The median number of treated patients per clinical article related to teletherapy ranged from 15 to 21, which has not changed significantly over the 40‐year period. The most commonly used radiation therapy protocols during Periods 2 and 3 were fine‐fractionated protocols (defined as 10 or more fractions), whereas coarse‐fractionated protocols were more common during Periods 1 and 4. Findings from this study highlight the notable changes of trends in veterinary radiation oncology articles published in Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, which clearly reflect changes in the field of veterinary radiation oncology during the past 40 years.     

Relationships between leg disorders and changes in the behaviour of broiler chickens

The relationships between the severity of lameness, the presence of tibial dyschondroplasia, and the frequency of dustbathing behaviour and duration of tonic immobility were studied in 96 broiler chicks kept from day-old in groups of four in wire-floored cages. Dustbathing was observed when the birds were given access for one hour to a tray containing sand or straw. The duration of tonic immobility and the severity of lameness were scored during weeks 3, 4, 5 and 6. After slaughter at 41 or 45 days of age the birds were examined for tibial dyschondroplasia; 34 birds were classified as having tibial dyschondroplasia and 54 had detectable lameness problems. Birds with tibial dyschondroplasia had a higher lameness score (P < 0.001), dustbathed on fewer days (P < 0.0001), and had longer periods of tonic immobility (P < 0.03) at six weeks than birds which did not have the condition. However, almost all the chicks, including those with tibial dyschondroplasia dustbathed on day 27 after they had not been given access to the tray for three days, significantly more than on days when they had not been deprived of the tray (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, lame birds and birds with tibial dyschondroplasia also dustbathed less with age. Studies of the vertical wing-shaking element of dustbathing confirmed that tibial dyschondroplasia reduced dustbathing (P < 0.05) and also showed that during the one-hour tests, sand resulted in more dustbathing than straw (P < 0.01).     

Association between phage types and antimicrobial resistance among bovine Staphylococcus aureus from 10 countries

This study was conducted to investigate the diversity of phage types and associations between penicillin resistance and phage types among 815 Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitis in nine European countries and USA. All isolates were examined for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and characterised by phage typing. Penicillin resistance was found among strains from all countries with an average occurrence of 32.4% (2-71.4%). A total of 76% of isolates were identifiable by phage typing and 144 different phage types were observed. The most predominant types were phage type 29 (11% of the 815 isolates), phage type 52 (5%), and phage type 80 (5%). Phage type 95 and 29/52/52A/80 were both distributed within seven countries. In the countries with the highest occurrence of penicillin resistance a reduced diversity of phage types and phage groups was observed. Phage group III was significantly associated with penicillin resistance in contrast to phage group I (P=0.0023) and phage complex-80 (P=0.0066). This study confirms that a large number of phage types of S. aureus cause bovine mastitis, but that some types predominate. In addition, these findings could indicate that the use of penicillin in the bovine environment has selected for specific types of S. aureus in countries with a high frequency of resistance.     

Similarities and differences in meat consumption patterns in Asia and Pacific-Rim countries

This study investigated consumer behavior towards meat across Asia and Pacific-Rim countries. Mail surveys were undertaken in 1994 and 1995. Data was obtained from 6197 households in Japan, the USA (mainland and Japanese–Americans in Hawaii), Australia, Thailand, Korea, Taiwan and China. The data were mainly analyzed using cluster analysis to determine the distance between each country and to classify countries into groups. Japanese respondents purchased beef more frequently than respondents from other countries. The average amount purchased on each occasion was far more for Australian respondents than for respondents from other countries, while Japanese purchased far less. Respondents in Japan, Korea, China and Australia thought beef was the most expensive meat, whereas lamb was thought to be the most expensive in the remaining countries. Chinese respondents indicated the highest consciousness of price indexes. The level of uneasiness about eating meat indicated by Asian respondents was relatively strong compared with respondents in Hawaii, the USA and Australia. Average ratings (semantic differential scale) on plans for future meat consumption were higher for beef than for other meats in Korea and China, whereas chicken was rated higher in the other countries. From the dendrogram, surveyed countries were classified into three groups: Japan, Taiwan and Korea; Thailand and China; and the USA, Japanese–Americans and Australia. Among them, the first and second clusters merged into a larger cluster, the 'Asian' group.