ALV-J相关的鸡急性纤维肉瘤发病模型的建立

【目的】证明纤维肉瘤病料中含有的ALV-J相关病毒能够诱发急性纤维肉瘤。【方法】将含ALV-J相关病毒的病料过滤液经不同部位接种1日龄817肉杂鸡;将该过滤液不同倍数稀释后接种1日龄SPF鸡和817肉杂鸡;将该过滤液接种细胞培养后的上清液接种1日龄817肉杂鸡,连续动态观测30 d。【结果】颈部皮下、胸肌、腹腔3个部位攻毒鸡的肿瘤发生率分别为100%（20/20）、95.2%（20/21）、100%（20/20）。病料过滤液未经稀释接种817肉杂鸡和SPF鸡的肿瘤发生率均为100%（10/10）,10倍稀释后攻毒鸡的肿瘤发生率分别为80%（8/10）和100%（10/10）,100倍稀释后攻毒鸡的肿瘤发生率分别为100%（10/10）和80%（8/10）,1 000倍稀释后攻毒鸡的肿瘤发生率分别为40%（4/10）和50%（5/10）,更高倍数稀释后攻毒鸡没有肿瘤发生。接种病料的细胞培养上清也能使33.3%（2/6）的鸡只发生肉瘤。病理组织学检测显示：诱发的急性肿瘤系典型的纤维肉瘤。【结论】817肉杂鸡肉瘤病料中含有ALV-J相关的急性致肿瘤病毒,不论是病料过滤液本身还是其接种DF-1细胞培养后的上清液都能在不同品种鸡复制出急性纤维肉瘤,最快在接种后7 d出现,且肿瘤发生的时间、动态和肿瘤发生率与接种量密切相关。     

有机锗与MD疫苗接种对雏鸡人工感染vMDV保护效果的比较研究

试验通过给父母代种鸡伺喂合ＧＣ－１３２的饲粮，以获取富锗种蛋，经孵化后取富锗雏鸡并以普通雏鸡做对照，分别随机分组，于１日龄进行ＭＤ疫苗接种和（或）人工感染ｖＭＤＶ，配合饲料添加或不加锗的基础日粮，旨在对比观察有机锗与免疫对人工感染ｖＭＤＶ雏鸡的保护效果．试验结果显示：１）１日龄雏鸡人工感染ｖＭＤＶ取得成功；２）富锗雏鸡的发病率、死亡率和肿瘤检出率均明显低于普通雏鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５）；３）１日龄富锗雏鸡开始继续饲喂添加Ｇｅ－１３２的饲料，能进一步提高雏鸡对ｖＭＤＶ的保护率；４）１日龄感染ｖＭＤＶ同时单纯作ＭＤ疫苗接种．其保护效果不显著．研究结果首次证实．由富锗种蛋孵出的富锗雏鸡比普通雏鸡对ｖＭＤＶ有较强的抗病力；同时继续饲喂加锗日粮，可进一步提高对鸡马立克氏病及其肿瘤病变发生发展的抑制效果．从而提示：采取有机锗加免疫的综合措施．是防制鸡马立克氏病的一个高效、可行的新途径．     

三群商品代蛋鸡J亚群白血病跟踪观察

【目的】了解J亚群白血病在海兰褐蛋鸡群中发生和发展的真实表现及其与病毒分离和抗体反应的关系；【方法】对来自3个鸡场39至43周龄31只疑似ALV-J感染鸡做了连续两个月的临床、病理、病毒血症和抗体反应动态观察和比较；【结果】这3群鸡对ALV-J感染率非常高，有28只鸡在死前感染ALV-J或呈现持续性病毒血症，其中14只表现为无抗体反应的免疫耐受性持续性病毒血症。这3群鸡都表现为典型J亚群白血病髓细胞样肿瘤特征性病变，且在几乎所有不同脏器和组织均可出现。在31只鸡中，有13只鸡同时在3个或3个以上不同脏器中出现肿瘤/血管瘤，有1只鸡出现在5个器官中；【结论】中国近年来不仅仍有ALV-J在蛋鸡群中流行，而且在过程中，ALV-J致病性逐渐增强。     

马立克氏病肿瘤细胞表面抗原的提取与鉴定

用MDVGA株感染1日龄SPF雏鸡,饲养至发病后获得MD肿瘤细胞,采用木瓜蛋白酶消化法从MD肿瘤细胞上提取马立克氏病肿瘤相关的表面抗原,经间接荧光抗体染色和间接ELISA鉴定,证明获得的粗提物中含有马立克氏病肿瘤相关的表面抗原,为进行马立克氏病肿瘤相关的表面抗原的进一步研究奠定了基础。     

鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫单卵囊分离技术的建立

以玻璃纸做材料,用单卵囊分离技术,对柔嫩艾美耳球虫进行了分离,实验室单卵囊感染26只鸡,在感染后5～12d,用饱和盐水漂浮集卵法进行检测,其中10只鸡检出卵囊,结果表明,该单卵囊分离技术简单易行,单卵囊感染成功率达38%,单卵囊技术的关键步骤为:(1)滴管拉的尽量细,(2)滴液尽量小,(3)要耐心观察,(4)实验鸡在0～7日龄。     

Control of continuous irradiation injury on tomato plants with a temperature drop: Effectiveness evaluation

Effects of daily short-term low temperature treatment (DROP) applied during different prereproductive developmental stages on growth and development of tomato plants grown under continuous light (CL) has been studied. It was shown that DROP treatment (daily decrease of temperature from 26 to 10 C for 2 h) applied to plants of different age is not equally effective in preventing or moderating CL injury in tomatoes grown under CL. DROP treatment of seedlings and juvenile plants proved to be ineffective in preventing leaf chlorosis in the aftereffect. DROP treatment of immature and virginile plants of different age had moderate protective effect, reducing the degree of leaf chlorosis. The maximum effect was obtained when plants were treated by DROP throughout the entire prereproductive period.     

生长早期泰和鸡与AA鸡血清生长激素水平及生长激素结合蛋白活性的比较

比较泰和鸡和ＡＡ（Ａｒｂｏｒ Ａｃｒｅｓ）肉鸡血清生长激素（ＧＨ）含量和生长激素结合蛋白（ＧＨＢＰ）的结合活性,发现两品种鸡出雏时血清ＧＨ水平均较低,５日龄时ＧＨ均有显著上升（Ｐ＜０．０１）。此后泰和鸡保持上升趋势,在３５日龄ＧＨ达到最高值;而ＡＡ鸡在５日龄后血清ＧＨ水平上升幅度较小,日龄间差异不显著。１日龄和３５日龄时,泰和鸡血清ＧＨ水平显著高于同日龄的ＡＡ肉鸡,与两者体重的差异刚好相反。血液Ｇ     

文昌鸡体脂分布及沉积规律的研究

为了解文昌鸡体脂分布及沉积规律,测定了27、53、79、105日龄以及育肥2、4、6、8周的文昌鸡腹脂率、皮下脂肪厚度、肌内脂肪含量及肝脏粗脂肪含量。结果表明,（1）文昌鸡脂肪在腹部、皮下和肌肉的沉积量随着日龄的增长而显著升高（P<0.05）;(2)胸肌肌内脂肪含量和腿肌肌内脂肪含量变化趋势一致,均在育肥6周时达到最大;（3）肝脏内粗脂肪含量呈波浪式变化,并在105日龄时达到最高值。     

雏鸡感染法氏囊病毒后血清免疫球蛋白的动态

本项研究对传染性法氏囊病毒(IBDV)人工感染1日龄和4周龄雏鸡后,1～8周血清IgM,IgG和γ-球蛋白含量的动态变化进行了检测。结果表明,1日龄和4周龄雏鸡感染IBDV后,血清IgM和IgG含量均明显低于对照雏鸡,而γ-球蛋白含量仅呈一过性降低,其中血清含量降低的程度和持续时间均较IgG明显。1日龄雏鸡感染IBDV后血清IgM和IgG含量的下降较4周龄感染雏鸡明显,呈现一定的感染日龄差异。     

马立克氏病毒京-1株对不同日龄SPF鸡的致病力试验

将60羽SPF鸡随机分为3组,选取马立克氏病毒标准毒株京-1株分别对10日龄组和21日龄组鸡进行人工感染试验,对照组注射同等剂量的稀释液。结果显示：两组攻毒组试验鸡均于接种病毒后18d开始发病,并于20～25d出现死亡高峰,26d开始逐渐缓解。两组鸡的死亡率分别为80%和60%,肿瘤发生率分别为80%和65%,肿瘤主要出现在心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏和坐骨神经等组织,其中10日龄攻毒组2～3个器官发生肿瘤的个体占65%,4个及以上器官发生肿瘤的个体仅占5%,21日龄攻毒组2～3个器官发生肿瘤的个体仅占35%,4个及以上器官发生肿瘤的个体达到20%。由此说明,10日龄SPF鸡对京-1株MDV敏感,而21日龄该品系鸡对之敏感性略低。     

中雏和大雏感染传染性法氏囊病时的免疫机能变化

本项工作对人工感染传染性法氏囊病毒(IBDV)的中雏和大雏的免疫机能变化进行了检测。结果表明,感染 IBDV 的中雏和大雏血清 IgM 含量的增长受到抑制,感染 IBDV 的中雏血液 ANAE~+淋巴细胞总值及其颗粒型 ANAE~+淋巴细胞的百分率于感染后第二周明显降低;感染 IBDE 的中雏和大雏血清 IBD 沉淀抗体于感染后4日内不出现,感染后2—4周出现率最高,以后逐渐降低,大雏的沉淀抗体比中雏的持续时间短且消失得早。     

MX98微生态制剂预防肉仔鸡腹泻及促进增重试验

本试验应用三种多株有益菌制成微生态制剂ＭＸ９８替代抗生素,进行预防肉仔鸡腹泻促进增重试验,结果表明该制剂使肉仔鸡腹泻死亡率降低５％;１￣７日龄时,试验组比对照组增重提高４．５７％;８￣１４日龄时,提高１４．５８％;１５￣２１日龄时,提高１２．５８％;使肉仔鸡成活率提高６％。     

肉种鸡血浆VLDL浓度与肥度性状的相关研究

以肉种鸡为试验素材 ,分别测定其 16周龄、5 4周龄血浆VLDL浓度和 5 4周龄腹脂重 (率 ) ,探讨肉种鸡血浆VLDL浓度与肥度性状和体重的关系。结果表明 :16周龄公、母鸡血浆VLDL浓度差异不显著 ,5 4周龄母鸡血浆VLDL浓度显著高于公鸡 ;5 4周龄母鸡血浆VLDL浓度显著高于 16周龄母鸡 ,5 4周龄公鸡血浆VLDL浓度小于 16周龄公鸡 ;5 4周龄公鸡腹部无脂肪沉积 ,母鸡腹脂重为 12 0 .9g ,腹脂率为 3 .2 2 % ;16周龄血浆VLDL浓度与 5 4周龄体重呈显著相关 ,而与 5 4周龄腹脂重 (率 )相关不显著 ,5 4周龄血浆VLDL浓度与体重、腹脂重 (率 )相关不显著     

Wounding and its role in RSV-mediated tumor formation

Tumors induced in chickens by Rous sarcoma virus remain localized at the site of injection even though the animals become viremic. Tumors have now been shown to be inducible at other sites if a wound is inflicted or if the tissue is injured by administration of tumor promoters. These findings indicate that local wounding plays a role in the spread of tumorigenicity of Rous sarcoma virus.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病胚胎免疫研究

用ＩＢＤＢＪ８３６免疫接种１８ｄ龄鸡胚，雏鸡在１，３，６周龄用ＩＢＤ强毒攻毒，获得显著保护，其保护率分别为６６．７％，８７．５％和１００％，且早期免疫保护率高于雏鸡免疫。ＩＢＤ胚胎免疫安全，不影响孵化率和健雏率，对新城疫苗的免疫应答没有抑制作用。     

仙居鸡和固始鸡胸肌肌苷酸含量的分析

采用高效液相技术，测定仙居鸡和固始鸡胸肌肌苷酸的含量。结果表明：①仙居鸡胸肌肌苷酸含量显著高于固始鸡；②仙居鸡和固始鸡胸肌肌苷酸含量性别间表现为公鸡低于母鸡，其中仙居鸡公、母鸡间差异显著；③胸肌肌苷酸含量与12周龄体重相关分析表明，仙居鸡和固始鸡胸肌肌苷酸含量与12周龄体重呈负相关，其中仙居鸡胸肌肌苷酸含量与体重相关达显著水平。     

猪小肠抗菌肽对雏鸡的促生长作用及其机理初探

【目的】测定猪小肠抗菌肽对雏鸡生长指标的影响，在结构上初步探讨猪小肠抗菌肽促进雏鸡生长发育的机理。【方法】选择体重基本一致的雏鸡60只，随机平均分为2组。试验组，在7、14、21、28、35、42日龄每只雏鸡分别肌肉注射猪小肠抗菌肽0.1ml（100 μg·ml-1）；对照组，在相应日龄每只雏鸡分别肌肉注射灭菌生理用水0.1ml，在相同饲养条件下进行6周试验。在7日龄和49日龄，采用组织切片检测鸡十二指肠和空肠的绒毛长度、隐窝深度和黏膜厚度。【结果】试验组雏鸡平均日耗料量（29.82±1.05）g，对照组雏鸡平均日耗料量（28.85±0.79）g，二者无差异（P>0.05）；试验组雏鸡平均日增重为（13.54±0.20）g，对照组雏鸡平均日增重为（11.10±0.19）g，二者差异极显著（P<0.01）；试验组料重比为2.27±0.04，对照组料重比为2.60±0.05，二者差异极显著（P <0.01）。在49日龄，试验组鸡十二指肠和空肠绒毛长度及其绒毛长度/隐窝深度比值（V/C）高于对照组鸡，二者差异显著（P<0.05），试验组鸡十二指肠和空肠黏膜厚度与对照组鸡相比，差异不显著（P>0.05）。【结论】猪小肠抗菌肽可改善鸡十二指肠和空肠的结构，提高雏鸡生长速度和饲料转化率。     

Studies on Immunological Effect and Immunological Mechanism Avian Encephalomyelitis Oil Emulsion Inactivated Vaccine

Oil emulsion inactivated vaccine was prepared by susceptible embryos, with different strains of AEV. Four groups of normal chickens of 2 - 7 days of age were given injections for immunization, respectively. Another group was used as control. This study was expected to evaluate the immunological effect and discuss the immunological mechanism by means of five different experiments, i.e. the agar-gel precipitin test,the isolation of lymphokine, the isolation, purification and analysis of blood serum IgG, embryo-susceptibility test, and clinical and pathological examination. The results of these experiments indicated that oil emulsion inactivated vaccine is safe and effective. The chickens were normal when inoculated with AE strong virus after immunity at 4 and 37 weeks. Immunological mechanism is that the humoral immunity played an important role and celluar immunity exists, but it is not important in the process of the resistance to AEV.     

Avian Leukosis in Brahma Chicken Raised in Al-Qurnah Town,Southern Iraq

The current study was conducted to diagnose avian leukosis in naturally infected Brahma backyard chickens in southern parts of Iraq, on the basis of clincopathological findings and serological detection by using antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (AC-ELISA) in suspected tumor cases in field conditions. In this study the avian leukosis was mostly observed in birds from 16 to 22 weeks of age, as well as the infected flocks showed a low mortality rate ranging from 5–6%. Typical variable sized grey to yellow obvious tumor-like nodular lesion was demonstrated on the surface of enlarged visceral organs such as liver, spleen, kidney and duodenum, as in white meat-type chickens. The histopathological features revealed massive infiltration of monomorphic lymphocytes in which the lymphoblasts were predominant in the liver, kidney, spleen and duodenum. In this study, a total of 40 sera were tested for ALV P27 antigen by ELISA technique. Thirty-five out of forty sera (87.5%) obtained from Brahma chickens tested positive to ALV P27 antigen and a higher percentage (88.58%) of the chicken sera were strongly positive and had (EUs > 75%). Based on these findings, avian leukosis was concluded to be associated with this pathological condition in Iraqi backyard flocks. This is the first report of the presence of the avian leukosis in visceral samples of Brahma breed. It seems that commercial poultry population in Iraq is not far from the threat of the avian leukosis, and surveillance for avian leukosis is needed.