不同动物油脂对大鼠血糖血脂及血液相关因子的影响研究

研究羊油、猪油、牛油、马油4种油脂对大鼠血糖、血脂及血液相关因子的影响研究。130只雄性健康SD大鼠随机分为对照组、羊油脂组、猪油脂组、牛油脂组和马油脂组共5组。各油脂组再分为高（2mL／100g体重）、中（1mL／100g体重）、低（0．5mL／100g体重）剂量3个灌胃组,对照组灌胃纯净水（1mL／100g体重）。灌胃56d后,测定各组动物体重、内脏脂肪重量、血糖（GLU）、血脂4项[高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）3的变化以及脂代谢相关血液因子[血浆胰岛素（INS）、瘦素（LEP）、一氧化氮（NO）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和丙二醛（MDA）]的变化。结果表明,与对照相比,4种油脂对大鼠的体重、LEP、NO影响不明显（P〉0．05）;4种动物油脂的高剂量组以及猪油脂和马油脂的中剂量组均能显著增加内脏脂肪的重量（P〈0．05）;羊油脂中剂量组、马油脂高剂量和中剂量组的GLU值均极显著升高（P〈0．01）;羊油脂高剂量组HDL—C水平显著升高（P〈0．05）,猪油脂高剂量组HDL—C水平极显著升高（P〈0．01）;牛油脂高剂量组LDL—C水平显著升高（P〈0．05）;牛油脂和马油脂的各剂量组TC水平均极显著升高（P〈0．01）;仅羊油脂高剂量组TG水平显著升高（P〈0．05）;马油脂的高、中剂量组的血浆INS水平极显著降低（P〈0．01）;羊油脂和猪油脂的各剂量组MDA水平均极显著升高（P〈0．01）;牛油脂和马油脂的各剂量组SOD水平均极显著升高（P〈0．01）;4种油脂对大鼠的体重、血浆LEP、血浆NO没有明显影响;灌服猪油脂对大鼠GLU水平影响不明显;灌服高剂量羊油脂可明显升高大鼠血液HDL-C和TG水平;猪油脂主要表现为升高HDL-C水平;而牛油脂和马油脂各剂量组则可极显著升高血浆总胆固醇。羊油脂和猪油脂均能升高大鼠的MDA水平;牛油脂和马油脂均能升高大鼠的SOD水平,推测牛油脂和马油脂具有抗氧化的作用。     

甘肃省马肿瘤的流行病学调查

采用流行病学方法,1991～2003年对甘肃省各地州市的各个牧场和分散饲养马的肿瘤的发病情况进行了调查,并采用病理解剖学和组织学方法对病例进行确诊,结果表明:在甘肃省马肿瘤中良性肿瘤的发病率明显高于恶性肿瘤,其中发病最多的为纤维瘤,占全部肿瘤的42.31%,且公马的纤维瘤发病率比母马高;调查还发现马肿瘤的发病率与年龄有关,多发于5～10岁;同时还发现马肿瘤的高发区与人肿瘤的高发区地域分布一致。     

Culex (Melanoconion) aikenii: natural vector in Panama of endemic Venezuelan encephalitis

Experiments performed in an endemic area of Venezuelan equine encephalitis in the Panama Canal Zone demonstrated transmission of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus from naturally infected Culex aikenii mosquitoes to laboratory hamsters. Results of experiments indicate that Culex aikenii is an efficient natural vector and the principal species of mosquito transmitting Venezuelan equine encephalitis in this endemic zone.     

Characterization of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells isolated from equine umbilical cord blood

Properties and characteristics of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MMSCs) isolated from equine umbilical cord’s blood in vitro have been studied. The cells had morphology similar to fibroblast, high adhesive capabilities, and immunophenotype CD31^–, CD34^–, CD90⁺. Analysis of sensitivity of MMSCs to the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) was conducted. The immunocytochemical analysis detected expression of the p26 antigen in MMSCs that are being infected with EIAV. The results obtained show that MMSCs isolated from equine umbilical cord blood can be applied in veterinary virology.     

马传贫DNA荧光研究

本文采用了荧光探针——(艹啡)薄啶溴红(Ethidium Bromide,简称 EB)插入核酸双链区,形成一种具有较强荧光效应的络合物方法,对马传贫白细胞 DNA进行了荧光滴定和圆二色谱分析。结果表明:马传贫病毒感染的马白细胞 DNA 含量为正常马白细胞的4倍;正常马、免疫马、传贫马在核物质水平上,三者的空间构象存在差异。这一成果为马传贫早期诊断和区分传贫马与免疫马提供了分子水平上的依据。     

RECOVERY OF EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS (WESTERN TYPE) FROM CHICKEN MITES

The Western type of equine encephalomyelitis virus has been isolated from chicken mites (Dermanyssus gallinae) in nature during an outbreak of the equine disease in the Southwest.     

马MxA基因第12外显子多态性检测

MxA蛋白是Ⅰ型干扰素（IFNα／β）所诱导产生的蛋白之一,属于大分子（70～80kD）GTP酶,能抵抗各种RNA病毒和部分DNA病毒。MxA蛋白结构与其抗病毒活性有直接的关系。有报道表明,MxA蛋白活性部位的一个氨基酸序列的变换,会导致其抗病毒活性的改变。MxA基因多态性分析是研究马MxA蛋白基因抗病毒作用和寻找马MxA蛋白抗性基因的基础。     

Recombination of influenza A viruses of human and animal origin

Simultaneous infection of the allantoic sac of the chick embryo with influenza A/equine 1/56 and any of three recombinants derived from human influenza viruses produced stable hybrids with antigens from each parent strain. These hybrids contain the hemagglutinin protein of the equine virus and the neuraminidase of the human strains. The experiments demonstrate genetic homology of human and equine influenza A viruses and suggest the possibility of their recombination in nature.     

Changes of Biomarkers in Synovial Fluid in Equine OA Model

The pathogenesis of equine Osteoarthritis (OA) is more complex, and the disease in the early stage is not easy to be found, therefore, the early diagnosis and treatment are very important. Based on this, this experiment established OA model induced by equine, aimed to study the changes of contents of Matrix Metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3), Matrix Metalloproteinases-13 (MMP-13), Aggrecanase (ADAMTS-5), Hyaluronic Acid (HA) and Osteocalcin (OCN) in synovial fluid, and establish rapid diagnostic technique for the equine OA. Thirteen Mongolian equines were used in these induction studies. Equines were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group contained eight equines and the control group contained five equines. The experimental group was to build the equine osteoarthritis model. The induction was done through Intra-articular (IA) injection of 2 mL Amphotericin-B in equines' left carpal joints. The equine of the control group was injected into 2 mL physiological saline in equines' left carpal joints. Synovial fluid was collected every week until the 9th week. The contents of MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, HA and OCN in synovial fluid were evaluated by using ELISA kits. Equine OA model, compared with the control group, starting from the 1st to the 2nd week after induction model, the content of MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, HA and OCN tended to increase, but there was no significant increase, from the 2nd to the 3rd week they significantly increased (p<0.05) and kept increasing trend until the 9th week. In OA model, MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, HA and OCN showed a rising trend in joint fluid, which would accelerate the cartilage, subchondral bone degradation and metabolism of these proteases increased, and ADAMTS-5 and HA in the early stage increased significantly.     

马IGF-Ⅰ基因3′端侧翼区PCR-SSCP多态性分析(英文)

[Objective] To explore the polymorphism of the 3′ flank region of equine IGF-Ⅰ gene. [Method] The 3′ flank region sequences of IGF-Ⅰ gene were amplified from genomic DNA of 270 horses, which included 4 types of Mongolian horse, Sanhe horse and Thoroughbred, and then analyzed by PCR-SSCP. [Result] Three genotypes (AA, BB and AB) were detected by PCR-SSCP and the distribution of genotypes of all research objects except Xinihe horse and Baerhu horse were in line with the "Hardy-Weinberg Law". [Conclusion] There was a polymorphic locus in the 3′ flank region of IGF-Ⅰ gene, which might affect the equine growth and development mechanism. The study is of important theoretical and practical significance to improve the performance and to develop equine industry.     

马MxA基因第12外显子多态性检测(英文)

[Objective] The study aimed to establish a fast and accurate method to detect the polymorphism of the 12th exon of equine MxA gene. [Method] The 12th exon of MxA gene was amplified by mismatch PCR and the products were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to determine the point mutation at the 1 790 nt of MxA cDNA. The sequence of the PCR products was also analyzed. [Result] There were three genotypes (AA, AB and BB) in the 12th exon of equine MxA gene; the 2 081 nt of MxA cDNA mutated from G to C, correspondingly changing the 562th amino acid of the coding region of MxA protein from tryptophan to cysteine; the specific sequence of the PCR products amplified by mismatch PCR-RFLP was consistent with the analysis results of RFLP. [Conclusion] The mismatch PCR-RFLP was an easy method with accurate results to detect the polymorphism of the 12th exon of equine MxA gene.     

Human and horse medicine among some Native American groups

Because Plains Indians, as well as some other groups of Native Americans, generally perceived people and animals as closely related, medical therapies and preventive regimes in human and veterinary medical practice often overlapped. The sense of partnership that mounted people shared with their horses dictated that it was appropriate for certain equine remedies to be similar to those used for themselves. Horses, as well as people, could possess useful knowledge in the realm of curing. Reciprocity between humankind and nature was expressed by the interactive healing powers of people and horses as well as by recorded examples of the connection that existed between human and equine health maintenance measures and medical procedures.     

低频电磁综合疗法对马属动物大肠阻塞疗效试验

低频电磁综合疗法对人的消化性肠梗阻有较好的疗效。为了移植这一技术,作者应用低频电磁综合疗法试治了马属动物大肠阻塞78例,治愈47例.左下大结肠阻塞效果最好(治愈率达84.6%);胃状膨大部阻塞次之(沿愈率为68.4%);小结肠阻塞效果较差(治愈率仅40.6%)。该疗法可用于马属动物大肠阻塞的治疗,或者作为一种辅助治疗方法。     

Influence of anesthesia on experimental western equine encephalomyelitis

Anesthesia, by ether, is effective in the treatment of western equine encephalomyelitis in mice. Of mice treated with deep ether anesthesia soon after the intracerebral injection of western equine virus, only 58 per cent developed the disease as compared with 92.4 per cent of control animals. When anesthesia was delayed the approximate length of the incubation period, 60 per cent of the animals developed the disease as compared with 92.4 per cent of the controls. In addition, ether anesthesia delays the development of central nervous system symptoms not only when administered soon after the injection of the virus but also when administered after the disease has progressed far enough to cause objective signs of encephalitis.     

麦草中的土尘对家兔致病作用的实验研究

长期认为,甘肃西部地区马气喘病与麦草粉尘有关。通过过筛分离和焚化从专草中取得土尘,就其致病性在家兔进行了试验。使用家兔24只,每只气管内一次注射土尘200mg(90％<5μm),分别于实验的第1、2、3、4月末期扑杀,每期6只,并设立矽尘和生理盐水对照组。形态学检查证明,这种土尘可在家兔引起尘肺,其病变特征为:肺泡腔尘细胞积聚,尘细胞结节形成,局灶性肺泡间隔增厚,轻度纤维化和细支气管及血管周围淋巴组织增生。矿物学分析表明,土尘肺组织中的Si,Al、Fe和Ti元素含量显著高于生理盐水对照(P<0.05)。电子探针和电镜下EDAX能谱分析证明,沉积在肺组织和被巨噬细胞吞噬的矿粒的主要成分是Si和Al。结果表明,该尘肺是一种铝硅酸盐尘肺,与甘肃西部地区马气喘病的无机尘肺相同。从而推断,麦草中的土尘为该地区马类动物气喘病病因之一。     

Vaccination Statistics and Reality： How Many Horses Are Really Vaccinated against Equine Influenza？

Standard schedules for equine influenza vaccinations have been published in Finland. However, no knowledge about the actual number of vaccinations has been available. Based on previous preliminary studies in slaughterhouses and among horse owners, it was suspected that vaccination recommendations are not always followed. The aims were to investigate vaccination status against equine influenza among Finnish racehorses in regional competitions. Vaccination status was investigated： （1） by utilizing database vaccination information of show jumping and dressage horses and （2） by carrying out a survey among horse industry experts. A total of 400 horses were selected at the beginning of the Finnish competition season in 2012 and five experts （key persons） were invited to a repeated survey implemented by Delphi techniques. Overall, 50%-100% of horses were properly vaccinated depending on the source available. Thirty-four percent （34%） of the horses had the competition license but no vaccination markings in the database. Differences between types of competition （show jumping and dressage） and between Southern and Northern parts of Finland were found. Vaccinations of show jumping horses were registered more often than vaccinations of dressage horses. Ninety percent （90%） of unvaccinated horses in the database were eight years or older. It can be concluded that equine influenza vaccination registry coverage among racehorses in Finland is incomplete. This poses a risk of misunderstanding, and the growing responsibility of competition organizers.     

Differentiation of respiratory and abortigenic isolates of equine herpesvirus 1 by restriction endonucleases

Viruses classified by immunologic criteria as equine herpesvirus 1 cause respiratory disease and abortion in horses. Restriction endonuclease analyses of the DNA's of viruses from animals with respiratory disease and from aborted fetuses show that the patterns for respiratory viruses, while similar to each other, are entirely different from the patterns for fetal viruses. It is therefore proposed that the DNA restriction endonuclease patterns of fetal and respiratory viruses analyzed in this study be designated as prototypic of equine herpesvirus 1 and 4, respectively.