Enhanced expression of chicken cystatin as a thioredoxin fusion form in Escherichia coli AD494(DE3)pLysS and its effect on the prevention of surimi gel softening

The DNA encoding chicken lung cystatin was ligated into a thioredoxin-pET 23a+ expression vector and transformed into Escherichia coli AD494(DE3)pLysS. A high level of soluble recombinant thioredoxin-cystatin (trx-cystatin) was expressed in the cytoplasm of the E. coli transformant. As compared with recombinant cystatin (trx-free), a 38.7% increase of inhibitory activity in the soluble fraction was achieved by introducing the trx fusion protein. Trx-cystatin was purified to electrophoretical homogeneity by 3 min of heating at 90 degrees C and Sephacryl S-100 chromatography. The molecular mass of trx-cystatin was 29 kDa, which was the expected size based on its composition of recombinant trx (16 kDa) and chicken cystatin (13 kDa). The purified trx-cystatin behaved as a thermally stable and papain-like proteinase inhibitor comparable to either recombinant or natural chicken cystatins. The inhibitor could inhibit the gel softening of mackerel surimi.     

Effect of glycosylation modification (N-Q-(108)I --> N-Q-(108)T) on the freezing stability of recombinant chicken Cystatin overexpressed in Pichia pastoris X-33

The cDNAs encoding chicken cystatin and its N-glycosylation-modified mutant (Asn(106)-Ile(108)-->Asn(106)-Thr(108)) were cloned into the pGAPZ alpha C expression vector, using the GAP as promoter and Zeocin as resistant agent, and transformed into Pichia pastoris X-33 expression host. The effect of N-glycosylation on the stability of recombinant chicken cystatin was investigated. A large quantity of recombinant chicken cystatin and the Asn(106)-glycosylated cystatins were expressed and secreted into broth using alpha-factor preprosequence. The K(i) of the recombinant chicken cystatin (0.08 nM) was similar to that of wild-type chicken cystatin (0.05 nM). They acted as a competitive inhibition reaction against papain. According to the K(i), the inhibition ability of Asn(106)-glycosylated mutant cystatin (K(i) = 9.5 nM) was weaker than that of the wild-type one. However, N-glycosylation at Asn(106) substantially enhanced the freezing stability of recombinant chicken cystatin overexpressed in P. pastoris.     

High-level production of recombinant chicken cystatin by Pichia pastoris and its application in mackerel surimi

A high level of the secreted form of recombinant chicken cystatin was expressed in Pichia pastoris X-33 by chromosomal integration of multiple copies of an expression cassette containing chicken cystatin under the control of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter. The inhibition ability of the recombinant for papain-like proteinase was found to correspond to those of natural chicken cystatin. The recombinant cystatin substantially inhibited the proteolysis of myosin and gel softening, which consequently improved the gel properties of mackerel surimi.     

Expression of soluble form carp (Cyprinus carpio) ovarian cystatin in Escherichia coli and its purification

A DNA encoding thioredoxin-mature carp ovarian cystatin (trx-cystatin) fusion protein was ligated into a pET-23a(+) expression vector and then transformed into Escherichia coli AD494(DE3) expression host. After induction by isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside, a high level of the soluble form of recombinant trx-cystatin was expressed in the cytoplasm of E. coli. The recombinant trx-cystatin could be purified by Ni(2+)-NTA agarose affinity chromatography. The molecular mass (M) of the recombinant trx-cystatin was approximately 28 kDa composed of recombinant thioredoxin (16 kDa) and recombinant mature carp ovarian cystatin (12 kDa). Both recombinant trx-fused and mature carp ovarian cystatins were stable at pH 6-11. No obvious decrease in activity was observed even after 5 min of incubation at 60 degrees C. They exhibited papain-like protease inhibition activity comparable to that of the mature carp ovarian cystatin, which could inhibit papain and mackerel cathepsins L and L-like, but not cathepsin B.     

Extracellular production of a functional soy cystatin by Bacillus subtilis

A recombinant Bacillus subtilis producing soy cystatin was developed by subcloning with a soy cystatin gene cloned in Escherichia coli. An active form of cystatin against the cysteine protease from Pacific whiting fillets contaminated with Myxosporidia parasite was constitutively expressed and secreted extracelluarly into the medium. Two gene fragments of signal peptides from kerA and sacB were introduced and compared for secretion efficiency of cystatin. The secretion level of active cystatin improved with the signal peptide of kerA when compared to that of sacB. Inhibitor activity was reduced rapidly after peak expression of the target protein at 36 h of fermentation. The addition of 1% glucose, a suppressor of protease, into the medium sustained the increase of the cystatin activity during fermentation. This study introduced a potential new method for fermentation production of cystatin.     

鸡破骨细胞分化因子（chRANKL）的克隆、表达和活性分析

为探讨RANKL以及OPG/RANKL/RANK通路在笼养蛋鸡骨质疏松发生中的作用,进行鸡破骨细胞分化因RANKL（receptor activator of NF-κB ligand）的克隆、表达并鉴定其活性。以成骨细胞总RNA为模板,利用RT-PCR和SOE-PCR技术体外扩增RANKL 基因,将PCR产物克隆至组氨酸标签的融合蛋白表达载体pET-32a(+),在异丙基－β－D硫代半乳糖苷（IPTG）诱导下,实现了chRANKL的有效表达,表达产物纯化后稀释成不同浓度梯度作用成熟破骨细胞观察其生物学活性。结果表明,凝胶电泳显示PCR扩增产物的长度为1200 bp左右,插入片段与Genebank上报道的鸡RANKL序列完全一致。重组表达载体转化BL21后经IPTG诱导获得大小约为64 Kd的重组蛋白,Western印迹表明重组蛋白具有抗原活性;并且纯化后的蛋白能刺激成熟破骨细胞,使骨吸收指数呈剂量依赖性增加,表明具有一定的活性。     

Glycosylation modification improved the characteristics of recombinant chicken cystatin and its application on mackerel surimi

The recombinant and glycosylation chicken cystatins were expressed and secreted in the broth of Pichia pastoris X-33 transformant with apparent molecular masses (M) of 14 and 55 kDa, respectively. The glycosylation cystatin (glycocystatin) contained a polysaccharide chain that was composed of 50 DP of mannose residues. Because of the polymannosyl chain, the inhibitory ability in glycocystatin was 90.8% of recombinant cystatin. In addition to freeze-thawing stability, the thermal and pH stabilities as well as the susceptibility of glycocystatin were also enhanced. Both cystatins could improve the mackerel surimi gel by inhibiting the gel softening, which was derived from the hydrolysis of catheptic cysteine proteinases. Despite the additional amount of glycocystatin (8 units), twice that of recombinant cystatin, the 40 and 15% increases in breaking force and deformation of gels were also observed. Accordingly, the surimi gel was further improved by enhancing the stability of chicken cystatin.     

重组鸡β-防御素5 - β-防御素10双分子蛋白的构建及其理化特性分析

鸡抗菌肽属禽β-防御素（AvBD）类,是鸡先天性免疫的重要组成部分。研究将AvBD10基因定向插入到AvBD5-pGEX SalⅠ和NotⅠ双酶切位点上,构建了AvBD5-pGEX- AvBD10双基因共表达重组载体。将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌 (Escherichia coli ) BL21,于37 ℃不同时间进行诱导表达,SDS-PAGE检测外源基因的表达。结果表明,重组AvBD5-AvBD10双分子融合蛋白的分子量约为36 kD,重组双分子蛋白占菌体总蛋白的35%,重组菌表达产物以包涵体形式存在。重组双分子蛋白经纯化后,分别以对数生长中期的大肠杆菌[BL21(DE3-) 株]与致病性链球菌［Streptococcus（CAB株）］为检测菌,利用薄层平皿琼脂糖孔穴扩散法测定了重组双分子蛋白的抗菌活性,结果表明,重组双分子蛋白对这两种细菌都具有抗菌活性。并且对温度和pH有很高的稳定性,在-70～100 ℃或pH 3～12处理30 min仍具有抗菌活性。     

Cloning, functional expression, and characterization of cystatin in sesame seed

A cDNA fragment encoding cystatin, a cysteine protease inhibitor, was obtained from maturing sesame seeds. The clone was constructed in a nonfusion or fusion vector and then overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant cystatins were found in the soluble fraction of cell extract and were demonstrated to be functionally active in a reverse zymographic assay. The corresponding endogenous 22 kDa cystatin of low abundance in mature seeds was purified to homogeneity via a papain-coupling affinity column and confirmed by western blotting with antibodies against the recombinant cystatin. Both endogenous and recombinant cystatin proteins showed effective inhibitory activities against papain with K(i) values of 7.89 x 10(-8) M and 2.77 x 10(-8) M, respectively. Immunodetection indicated that cystatin was specifically expressed in maturing seeds and rapidly degraded in germination. Accordingly, zymographic and inhibition analyses showed that sesame cystatin could not inhibit the de novo synthesized proteases in germinating seeds. It is suggested that sesame cystatin may play a role in the regulation of endogenous cysteine proteases during seed maturation and germination.     

鸡MHC I α-生物素化序列融合基因的构建、表达及纯化

实验克隆了莱航鸡(Gallus gallus )MHC I α (BF2)(GenBank登陆号：AY989897)全基因，分析了其信号肽序列，构建了缺失信号肽且拼接了BirA底物肽序列(BSP)的融合蛋白重组表达载体pET-BF2-BSP，在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli )中得到表达，并优化了诱导剂浓度、起始诱导菌体浓度及诱导时间等表达条件。SDS-PAGE分析结果表明所得融合目的蛋白约为40 kD，Western-blot结果显示该重组蛋白成功融合了6×His标签；pET-BF2-BSP最优化表达条件分别为：菌体起始诱导浓度OD600nm 0.8~1.2，IPTG诱导浓度1.1 mmol/L，诱导时间2~4 h；建立了该重组蛋白变性状态下通过镍柱亲和层析纯化包涵体的方法。实验获得了高纯度的在体外构建鸡MHC-肽四聚体所需的重组蛋白BF2-BSP。     

Method for bacterial expression and purification of sesame cystatin via artificial oil bodies

A method was developed for production of sesame cystatin, a thermostable cysteine protease inhibitor. Sesame cystatin was first expressed in Escherichia coli as an insoluble recombinant protein fused to oleosin, a unique structural protein of seed oil bodies, by a short hydrophilic linker peptide. Stable artificial oil bodies were constituted with triacylglycerol, phospholipid, and the insoluble oleosin-cystatin fusion protein. After centrifugation, the oleosin-cystatin fusion protein was exclusively found in the artificial oil bodies. Proteolytic cleavage with papain, a cysteine protease effectively inhibited by cystatin, separated soluble cystatin from oleosin that was firmly embedded in the artificial oil bodies. After recentrifugation, papain that coexisted with cystatin in the collected supernatant was denatured by incubating at 55 degrees C for 30 min. The insoluble denatured papain was removed by one more centrifugation, and the expressed cystatin of high yield and purity was harvested simply by concentrating the ultimate supernatant. Comparable inhibitory activity toward papain was observed between the expressed cystatin and the native one purified from sesame seeds. This method is presumably applicable to production of other protease inhibitors whose target proteases are economically available.     

Preparation of Bioactive Recombinant Chicken Leptin Fusion Protein

将鸡Leptin成熟肽的cDNA片段插入表达载体pRSET A的Nhe Ⅰ和Hind Ⅲ两位点之间，构建重组表达质粒pLep -SCAU2并转化大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli )菌株BL21（DE3）, 将重组菌在含氨苄青霉素100 μg/mL 的LB培养基中培养至OD600大于0.6之后，经IPTG 0.05 mol/L诱导表达出分子量约为17.5 kD的含6×His标记的重组鸡Leptin，诱导4 h后表达量达最高，占总菌体蛋白的25％左右,且以包涵体形式存在。该重组鸡Leptin经50％Ni-NTA树脂纯化和透析复性折叠后分离出可溶性部分。对35日龄的矮脚黄鸡腹腔注射该可溶性重组鸡Leptin（2 mg/kg 体重）；注射后60 min内的采食量与对照组差异不显著 （P > 0.05），但在注射后80~120 min都显著低于对照组（P < 0.05）。Leptin处理公鸡的采食量在注射2 h后逐渐上升并在5.5 h时与对照组公鸡相同。但Leptin处理母鸡的采食量持续受到抑制，在注射后5.5 h时仍然显著低于对照组母鸡（P <0.01）。表明所表达的重组鸡Leptin能显著抑制鸡的采食量（母鸡比公鸡效果更为明显），证明所制备的重组鸡Leptin融合蛋白具有生物学活性。     

H5N1亚型禽流感病毒血凝素在昆虫杆状病毒系统中表达与活性鉴定

摘要：本实验从质粒pGEM-HA中扩增H5N1亚型禽流感病毒HA基因，构建转移载体pFastBacHT-HA并与E.coliDH10Bac中的Bacmid质粒重组，构建重组转座质粒rBacmid-HA。在脂质体介导下将rBacmid-HA转染sf9昆虫细胞获得重组杆状病毒。在sf9昆虫细胞中表达HA蛋白，通过SDS-PAGE、Western blot和血细胞吸附实验鉴定重组蛋白。结果显示重组HA蛋白分子量约为66kDa，该蛋白与AIV H5亚型鸡血清发生特异性反应，与H7、H9亚型鸡血清不反应，转染重组杆状病毒后的细胞能吸附鸡的红血球，证明HA基因在sf9昆虫细胞中获得了正确表达，不仅具有型特异性，而且有良好的生物反应性。     

H5N1亚型AIVHA抗原表位的高效表达及其抗原活性分析

血凝素（hemagglutinin,HA）蛋白是禽流感病毒（avian influenza virus,AIV）的一个重要表面抗原性蛋白,在疾病诊断和防治上有重要意义。本研究为了探讨一种更为简便有效的HA重组蛋白表达途径,利用生物信息学软件,对H5N1亚型AIVHA基因编码的氨基酸序列进行分析,在分析其在大肠杆菌中的密码子偏好性、稀有密码子分布情况及有关蛋白的抗原性等重要特性后,构建了HA抗原表位重组表达质粒pET-32a（＋）-HA。经测试,该重组质粒在1mmol/LIPTG诱导剂作用下诱导过夜,能在大肠杆菌Rosetta-gami B（DE3）中高效表达,并得到48.1kD大小的目的重组表达蛋白。重组蛋白用6×His-tagged protein纯化试剂盒纯化后,与福氏佐剂等量混合制备成抗原,以200μg/鸡的剂量皮下注射2月龄SPF鸡3次,采血分离血清。Western-Blot试验结果表明,该重组表达蛋白能分别与所制备的高免鸡血清及H5N1亚型AIV阳性血清发生特异性反应,在硝酸纤维素膜上出现特异性杂交带。说明本试验研究的HA抗原重组表达蛋白具有良好的免疫原性和反应原性,保留了HA蛋白的抗原活性,提示该重组蛋白在H5亚型AIV的防治技术研究中具有重要的实际应用价值。     

缩胆囊素抗体对猪生长性能的影响

本研究将CCK33基因四串体片段克隆到原核表达载体pBCX上,成功构建重组表达质粒pBCX-4CCK33。将其转化大肠杆菌BL21中表达,经SDS-PAGE可检测到分子量约为53 kDa的融合蛋白,最高表达量占菌体总蛋白的30.08%,蛋白可溶性分析表明,融合蛋白主要是以可溶性形式表达。Western-blotting证实,可溶表达的融合蛋白与CCK-8阳性血清具有良好的免疫反应性。将纯化的可溶性融合蛋白制成油乳剂疫苗,主动免疫蛋鸡,ELISA检测结果表明,该融合蛋白能在鸡体内引起免疫。用含CCK抗体的蛋黄粉饲喂82天龄肉猪,试验结果表明,在肉猪饲料中添加100g/t含CCK抗体蛋黄粉,试验期间平均日增重和采食量与阴性蛋黄粉组相比,分别提高6.64%和8%,差异显著（P<0.05）。     

人工合成抗菌肽D2A21基因的克隆和表达

为了获得高效表达的抗菌肽D2A21,本研究根据抗菌肽D2A21的氨基酸序列及大肠杆菌偏爱的密码子,设计并人工合成D2A21基因,并将该合成基因克隆至pProEXHTb载体中,构建成含有含6个组氨酸标签的重组质粒。重组质粒转化至大肠杆菌中,经摇瓶发酵,IPTG诱导后,发酵液用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析。结果表明,成功合成D2A21基因,并构建了抗菌肽D2A21表达载体。通过镍柱亲和层析纯化,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析,抗菌肽D2A21能够在大肠杆菌中稳定表达。本研究将为大规模表达纯化D2A21及其进一步的研究和利用提供一定基础。     

口蹄疫病毒3D蛋白在T4噬菌体衣壳表面的展示

本文通过PCR技术获得3D基因,使用拼接重叠延伸聚合酶链反应对3D基因内部的EcoRⅠ位点进行定点突变,将突变后的3D基因克隆至原核表达质粒pSOC和T4噬菌体的穿梭质粒pR中,通过PCR及质粒酶切鉴定,分别获得阳性重组子pSOC-3D和pR-3D。将含有3D基因的重组质粒pSOC-3D质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21进行表达,SDS-PAGE检测表达产物。将含有3D基因的重组质粒pR-3D转化T4噬菌体的宿主菌E2,通过同源重组获得重组噬菌体T4-3D,经SDS-PAGE及Western- blot检测,证明展示在T4噬菌体表面的3D融合蛋白能与FMDV感染血清发生特异性反应。     

猫白介素-18基因的分子克隆、序列分析及其表达研究

根据GenBank中报道的猫白介素-18基因（IL-18）序列，对用ConA刺激的实验猫外周血单核细胞（PBMCf）进行了RT-PCR扩增；将扩增得到的PCR产物纯化后克隆入pMD18-T中得到重组质粒pTIL-18，进行核苷酸序列测定，并与不同物种的IL-18基因进行了序列比较。结果该基因全长579bp，编码192个氨基酸。在推导的猫IL-18氨基酸序列中，无信号肽序列和潜在的N-联糖基化位点，但存在4个Cys残基。与不同物种IL-18相比，猫IL-18与犬、羊、牛和猪IL-18核苷酸和推导的氨基酸序列有较高的同源性，与小鼠和鸡IL-18有明显的种属差异。将pTIL-18双酶切，回收目的基因片段亚克隆到大肠杆菌表达载体pET28a中构建了重组质粒pETIL-18，转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3），并用IPTG进行了诱导。结果重组菌菌体裂解物经SDS-PAGE电泳可检测到相对分子量为27.5 kDa的重组目的蛋白。经凝胶薄层扫描，目的蛋白表达量可占菌体蛋白的13.6%。     

重组马槟榔甜蛋白MabinlinⅡ在大肠杆菌中的表达

MabinlinⅡ是我国所特有且唯一的植物甜蛋白，在体外至今没有得到具有甜味的基因表达产物。本文根据己知马槟榔甜蛋白的序列设计引物克隆MabinlinⅡ基因，对基因进行剪切重组。将重组基因克隆至大肠杆菌表达载体pET-30a（＋）中，构建了3个重组表达载体，转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3），得到三株表达重组马槟榔甜蛋白的大肠杆菌工程菌。经IPTG诱导，3个重组MabinlinⅡ基因可在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中高效表达。     

黑曲霉木聚糖酶基因xynB在大肠杆菌中的表达及重组木聚糖酶的特性

从黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger) mafic-005中克隆得到木聚糖酶基因xynB。序列分析表明，该基因全长745 bp，含有一个67 bp内含子，编码225个氨基酸，理论分子量为24 kD(GenBank登录号:DQ174549)，与已知黑曲霉xynB基因的同源性均较高。将该基因定向插入大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli )表达载体pET-28a (+)上，并转化E. coli BL21 获得重组菌株。经过IPTG诱导，xynB基因获得特异性表达。经SDS-PAGE分析，重组蛋白分子量约为30 kD。该重组蛋白经镍NTA琼脂糖凝胶FF纯化后达到电泳纯。酶学性质分析表明，重组木聚糖酶最适温度为40 ℃，最适pH值为5.0，在酸性和常温条件下具有良好的稳定性。